scholarly journals Biological Characteristics of Native Grape Cultivars of Crimean Region and Availability of their Use in Breeding

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Levchenko ◽  
Irina Vasylyk ◽  
Vladimir Volynkin ◽  
Vladimir Likhovskoy ◽  
Alla Polulyakh
Keyword(s):  
Global Climate Change ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Female Type ◽  
Environment Temperature ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Adaptive Ability ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Grape Cultivars

In the context of the global climate change, manifested in a rapid increase in environment temperature and a constant increase in freshwater deficiency, the problem of breeding new grapevine cultivars that would correspond to the present-day biosphere conditions emerged. The endurance of native cultivars to adverse soil and climatic conditions and their drought tolerance are of particular value in development of generative breeding. It is known that most of the Crimean native cultivars have a functionally female type of flower, low resistance to biotic environmental factors that affects the stability of fertilization, yield and directly depends on the climatic conditions of cultivation. The adaptive ability of Crimean native grape cultivars is possible to increase by method of hybridization. So, the specific objectives of the study include, definition of agrobiological parameters of native grape cultivars of Crimean region; assessment of vegetative and generative potential; calculation of the profitability of cultivation of Crimean native grape cultivars in comparison with the classic cultivars. The result of the research was the selection of genotypes from the group of native cultivars - traits donors and obtaining hybrids of the first generation, which are improved analogs of the Crimean native cultivars.

In Situ Observations of the Occlusion of a Clay-Sugar Compound within Calcite

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jialin Chi ◽  
Chonghao Jia ◽  
Wenjun Zhang ◽  
Christine V Putnis ◽  
Lijun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
In Situ Observations ◽  
The Stability

The stability of soil organic matter (SOM) plays a key role in controlling global climate change as soil stores a large amount of organic carbon, compared with other ecological systems....

scholarly journals Global climate and the distribution of plant biomes

2004 ◽  
Vol 359 (1450) ◽  
pp. 1465-1476 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. I. Woodward ◽  
M. R. Lomas ◽  
C. K. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Life Form ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Domestic Animal ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Sensing Technology ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Frequent Observation ◽  
Animal Grazing

Biomes are areas of vegetation that are characterized by the same life–form. Traditional definitions of biomes have also included either geographical or climatic descriptors. This approach describes a wide range of biomes that can be correlated with characteristic climatic conditions, or climatic envelopes. The application of remote sensing technology to the frequent observation of biomes has led to a move away from the often subjective definition of biomes to one that is objective. Carefully characterized observations of life–form, by satellite, have been used to reconsider biome classification and their climatic envelopes. Five major tree biomes can be recognized by satellites based on leaf longevity and morphology: needleleaf evergreen, broadleaf evergreen, needleleaf deciduous, broadleaf cold deciduous and broadleaf drought deciduous. Observations indicate that broadleaf drought deciduous vegetation grades substantially into broadleaf evergreen vegetation. The needleleaf deciduous biome occurs in the world's coldest climates, where summer drought and therefore a drought deciduous biome are absent. Traditional biome definitions are quite static, implying no change in their life–form composition with time, within their particular climatic envelopes. However, this is not the case where there has been global ingress of grasslands and croplands into forested vegetation. The global spread of grasses, a new super–biome, was probably initiated 30–45 Myr ago by an increase in global aridity, and was driven by the natural spread of the disturbances of fire and animal grazing. These disturbances have been further extended over the Holocene era by human activities that have increased the land areas available for domestic animal grazing and for growing crops. The current situation is that grasses now occur in most, if not all biomes, and in many areas they dominate and define the biome. Croplands are also increasing, defining a new and relatively recent component to the grassland super–biome. In the case of both grassland and croplands, various forms of disturbance, particularly frequent disturbance, lead to continued range extensions of the biomes.

scholarly journals Agronomic performance of wheat cultivars and their molecular characterization

Genetika ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 591-602
Author(s):  
Velimir Mladenov ◽  
Miodrag Dimitrijevic ◽  
Sofija Petrovic ◽  
Jan Bocanski ◽  
Ankica Kondic-Spika ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Ge Interaction ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Basin Region ◽  
The Relationship

Creation of new higher yield cultivars, adaptation of existing germplasm to a global climate change, increasing resistance to diseases in new genotypes are some of the tasks that breeding have in front of it. The objectives of this research were to assess GE interaction in two different environments across two vegetation seasons and to do association analysis based on the results of the phenotypic and molecular evaluation. Grain samples were obtained from 96 winter wheat cultivars grown in 2011/12 and 2012/13 at two locations in the South Pannonia Basin region and population was profiled with 28 microsatellites. The share of genotype is high and amounts 24.84%, while the share of environments was 21.06%, when yield was evaluated. The GE interaction was also statistically significant and amounts 51.58% of the total variance. Microsatellites that exhibited a relation with yield by GLM and MLM model were: gwm357, gwm339, cfa2114, gwm631, gwm495, gwm190, barc1121 and gwm437. Markers that have demonstrated the stability of the relationship with yield in different environments can be recommended as potentially useful in wheat breeding.

scholarly journals Climate change and agriculture: A Nepalese case

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 92-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandip Rai
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Climate ◽  
Agriculture And Environment ◽  
The One ◽  
Developed Nations

Despite having slight disagreements on the magnitude, timing and spatial distribution of climate change, scientists agree that the recent climate change has been much faster than in the past. This has been partly to the natural phenomenon but mostly because of human activities. There is also an agreement that the poorer nations will suffer more as a consequence of the climate change than the developed nations. In this connection, the Nepalese agriculture does not seem to gain but rather lose during the process of global climate change. Even so, serious preparedness and actions can be taken that can hopefully impede the process of climate change and slowly but surely adapt to the rapidly changing climate. To achieve that, agriculture’s role as a driving force for climate change can be condensed by taking measures that reduce the rate and volume of Greenhouse Gas emissions from agriculture on the one hand, and developing diverse and resilient plant and animals breeds, on the other, that are capable of yielding as much as the current levels or even better under the foreseen changed climatic conditions. The Journal of AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT Vol. 8, 2007, pp. 92-95

scholarly journals Disasters without Borders: The Coronavirus Pandemic, Global Climate Change and the Ascendancy of Gradual Onset Disasters

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 3299
Author(s):  
Katsuya Yamori ◽  
James D. Goltz
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Gradual Onset ◽  
Foundational Work ◽  
Definition Of

Throughout much of its history, the sociological study of human communities in the disaster has been based on events that occur rapidly, are limited in geographic scope, and their management understood as phased stages of response, recovery, mitigation and preparedness. More recent literature has questioned these concepts, arguing that gradual-onset phenomena like droughts, famines and epidemics merit consideration as disasters and that their exclusion has negative consequences for the communities impacted, public policy in terms of urgency and visibility and for the discipline itself as the analytical tools of sociological research are not brought to bear on these events. We agree that gradual-onset disasters merit greater attention from social scientists and in this paper have addressed the two most significant ongoing disasters that are gradual in onset, global in scope and have caused profound impacts on lives, livelihoods, communities and the governments that must cope with their effects. These disasters are the coronavirus pandemic and global climate change both, of which include dimensions that challenge the prevailing definition of disaster. We begin with an examination of the foundational work in the sociological study of a disaster that established a conceptual framework based solely on rapidly occurring disasters. Our focus is on several components of the existing framework for defining and studying disasters, which we term “borders.” These borders are temporal, spatial, phasing and positioning, which, in our view, must be reexamined, and to some degree expanded or redefined to accommodate the full range of disasters to which our globalized world is vulnerable. To do so will expand or redefine these borders to incorporate and promote an understanding of significant risks associated with disaster agents that are gradual and potentially catastrophic, global in scope and require international cooperation to manage.

Causes of Global Climate Change

2017 ◽  
pp. 269-282
Author(s):  
Olena Shevchenko
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Political Dialogue ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of

The article deals with modern approaches related to the definition of the global climate change causes. Noteworthy, there are two scientific approaches concerning this issue: some, who believe that global climate change was caused by anthropogenic factors and others, who believe that the cause of this phenomenoncaused by natural factors. It indicates the lack of consensus on the causes of climate change on the planet. The author’s focus also revolves around the existing manifestations of climate change and the global risks that aggravate this process. It has been determined that today, to prevent these risks, it is necessary to develop adaptation programs and mitigate the effects of global climate change on the global, national, local and corporate levels. The practical measures taken by the United Nations, other international organizations, governments, cities and corporations indicate the existence of political will and understanding of the inevitability of changes. To conclude, the author states that the problem of global climate change, being scientific to a great extend, has largely increased in becoming the subject of international political dialogue. Keywords: Global climate change, global risks, adaptation, mitigation

scholarly journals Risk of flood to the light of global climate change in Northeastern Argentina

2000 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliseo Popolizio
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Quaternary Period ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Northeastern Region

During the 20th century, several catastrophic pluvial and fluvial floods took place over the northeastern region of Argentina. These disastrous floods caused great damage worth hundreds of millions of US dollars. The rehabilitation programme was supported by regional economies. The idea of this paper is to point out the risks of greater floods as a consequence of the global climatic change. The experiences obtained from the palaeogeomorphological research, historical data over the regional rivers, and the climatic and environmental changes are taken into account in this research. The record of the geomorphological study of the region strongly suggests that in past epochs, different wet and dry periods occurred with the global climate change, especially in the Quaternary Period. It is possible to infer that the region is very sensitive to these changes and anthropogenic action. On the other hand, environmental and climatic conditions show a tendency of tropicalising the area. In this case, consequences are unpredictable if the processes are evolving rapidly. It is possible to observe that after the 1960's, the characteristics of the fluvial courses are changing. The changes are in the direction of the maximum and minimum amplitudes with the same mean values. Besides, the frequency of large floods has increased from the 1960’s. The Parana River, the largest fluvial course of the region, serves as a model for the propositions mentioned above. This is because we have historical records from 1748 on high flood levels and hydrometrical measurements from 1900. The northeastern region is a very vast and flat plain with an inefficient drainage system. This physical framework induces pluvial flooding, which covers millions of hectares. True catastrophes develop when pluvial and fluvial floods coincide. The record of overflows has a recurrence period of less than 50 years. This strongly suggests a very high risk. In the 21st century, it is very probable that flooding phenomena greater than known will occur. But no mitigation measures are planned to face them.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Development of Longitudinal Profile Deformations of the Roadbed in the Permafrost Zone

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-101
Author(s):  
V. V. Shapran ◽  
Z. T. Fazilova
Keyword(s):  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The State ◽  
Permafrost Zone ◽  
Longitudinal Profile ◽  
Railway Track ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Railway Infrastructure

Up to 2025 operations at the network of the Northern Railway (a subsidiary of JSC Russian Railways) may increase according to forecasts by 28,4 %, which is associated with construction of the Northern latitudinal railway. At the same time, a significant part of the Northern Railway is characterized by difficult climatic conditions: permafrost, polygonal-vein ice, peat bog areas, sharp temperature drops, significant amounts of precipitation in the form of snow. In the context of the planned increase in cargo intensity, the diagnostics of the roadbed in the zone of distribution of soils with weak bearing capacity against the backdrop of global climate change is of key character. The article is devoted to survey of the roadbed located in the permafrost zone. The results of diagnostics of the state of the railway track make it possible to forecast the state of railway infrastructure facilities, to categorize subsidence of the roadbed according to the degree of danger, and to develop measures for its stabilization. The objective of the work is to study the factors affecting degradation of the roadbed located in the permafrost zone. The methods of the work are based on field examinations of «sick» places of the roadbed and statistical forms of analysis of longitudinal profile deformations (subsidence) of the track. The result of this work is the study of influence of a number of factors on dev elopment of deformations of the roadbed located in the permafrost zone. In the future, it is planned, based on the results of diagnostics of the state of the railway track, to forecast the permafrost state of railway infrastructure facilities, to categorize subsidence of the roadbed according to the degree of danger, and to develop measures to stabilize it.

scholarly journals Ensuring the Sustainability of Arctic Industrial Facilities under Conditions of Global Climate Change

Resources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
George Buslaev ◽  
Pavel Tsvetkov ◽  
Alexander Lavrik ◽  
Andrey Kunshin ◽  
Elizaveta Loseva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Industrial Buildings ◽  
Permafrost Soils ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Thermal Influence

Global climate change poses a challenge to the mineral development industry in the Arctic regions. Civil and industrial buildings designed and constructed without consideration of warming factors are beginning to collapse due to changes in the permafrost structure. St. Petersburg Mining University is developing technical and technological solutions for the construction of remote Arctic facilities and a methodology for their design based on physical and mathematical predictive modeling. The article presents the results of modeling the thermal regimes of permafrost soils in conditions of thermal influence of piles and proposes measures that allow a timely response to the loss of bearing capacity of piles. Designing pile foundations following the methodology proposed in the article to reduce the risks from global climate change will ensure the stability of remote Arctic facilities located in the zone of permafrost spreading.

scholarly journals Influence of global climate change on air pollution in urbanized areas and spread of COVID-19 morbidity

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-15
Author(s):  
Olena Voloshkina ◽  
Tetyana Shabliy ◽  
Volodymyr Trofimovich ◽  
Volodymyr Efimenko ◽  
Artem Goncharenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Anthropogenic Aerosols ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this paper is to confirm for the conditions of Ukraine the hypothesis of a number of foreign authors on the relationship between the presence of air pollution by aerosol particles in urban areas and the number of patients with COVID-19. On the example of the main large cities of Ukraine the analysis between temperature factors, dust pollution of the atmospheric phenomena and processes of distribution of morbidity of the population on COVID-19 is made. The linear dependences in the logical coordinates between nature are obtained due to the confirmation of the cases of morbidity and the index of aerosol pollution of the atmospheric air of urban areas by solid private particles PM2.5 (AQIPM2.5). The correlation coefficients of the obtained dependences are in the range of 0.65–0.91. These data suggest the possibility of unification of data for the country for different climatic zones to assess and predict the incidence of population depending on air pollution in urban areas and climatic conditions, and may be promising in the future to find ways to reduce the impact of aerosols in the air on the human body and the purpose of finer cleaning in production processes and air exchange technologies in modern buildings and structures. According to the authors, there is a need for further research on the impact of humidity and the impact of the percentage distribution of natural and anthropogenic aerosols in the air of urban areas. Such studies will further make more accurate predictions about the impact of air pollution on human health in the context of global climate change.

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