Fairy Tales and the Creation of the “Future Nation” of Manchukuo

Author(s):  
Chen Shi

From 1932 to 1945, imperial Japan established the puppet state of Manchukuo in a region now known as Northeast China. During those 14 years, the region’s literary world did not fall silent, though after the regime's demise, it was scarcely studied by scholars for over three decades. Since 1978, investigation of Manchukuo literature has revived considerably. However, research on children's literature, especially of fairy tales, is still a blank field. This continues, even though substantial numbers of fairy tales were published during the Japanese occupation, consciously and unconsciously shaping what was deemed the "future nation" of Manchukuo. Fairy tales exerted far-reaching influences upon local children's education. This chapter argues, through analysis of fairy tale writers’ careers, texts, and media networks, that these tales were not only entertaining literary creations but constituted powerful propaganda tools to construct and deconstruct the puppet regime’s "Kingly Paradise." Manchukuo’s fairy tales thus deserve greater status in research of the history of modern Chinese – and East Asian – literature.

Author(s):  
Jack Zipes

This book explores the legacy of the Brothers Grimm in Europe and North America, from the nineteenth century to the present. The book reveals how the Grimms came to play a pivotal and unusual role in the evolution of Western folklore and in the history of the most significant cultural genre in the world—the fairy tale. Folklorists Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm sought to discover and preserve a rich abundance of stories emanating from an oral tradition, and encouraged friends, colleagues, and strangers to gather and share these tales. As a result, hundreds of thousands of wonderful folk and fairy tales poured into books throughout Europe and have kept coming. The book looks at the transformation of the Grimms' tales into children's literature, the Americanization of the tales, the “Grimm” aspects of contemporary tales, and the tales' utopian impulses. It shows that the Grimms were not the first scholars to turn their attention to folk tales, but were vital in expanding readership and setting the high standards for folk-tale collecting that continue through the current era. The book concludes with a look at contemporary adaptations of the tales and raises questions about authenticity, target audience, and consumerism. The book examines the lasting universal influence of two brothers and their collected tales on today's storytelling world.


2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-44
Author(s):  
Emma Louise Parfitt ◽  
Emine Erdoğan ◽  
Heidi Fritz ◽  
Peter M. Ward ◽  
Emma Parfitt ◽  
...  

The conversation piece is the product of a group interview with Professor Jack Zipes and provides useful insights about publishing for early career researchers across disciplines. Based on his wider experiences as academic and writer, Professor Zipes answered questions from PhD researchers about: writing books, monographs and edited collections; turning a PhD thesis into a monograph; choosing and approaching publishers; and the advantages of editing books and translations. It presents some general advice for writing and publishing aimed at postgraduate students. Professor Zipes is an Emeritus Professor at the University of Minnesota Twin Cities, United States, a world expert on fairy tales and storytelling highlighting the social and historical dimensions of them. Zipes has forty years of experience publishing academic and mass-market books, editing anthologies, and translating work from French, German and Italian. His best known books are Breaking the Magic Spell (1979), Fairy Tales and the Art of Subversion (1983), The Irresistible Fairy Tale: The Cultural and Social History of a Genre (2012), and The Original Folk and Fairy Tales of the Brothers Grimm (2014).


2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-il Kim

The total factor productivity (TFP) growth controversy and the recent economic crisis raise many questions about the future growth of East Asia. Our analysis of historical experiences shows that low TFP growth in the East Asian newly industrialized economies (NIEs) is a natural pattern of growth at the initial phase of industrialization. Empirical evidence shows that East Asian NIEs in recent decades have been proceeding toward an efficiency-based growth as developed countries did some time ago. The history of Latin America, however, indicates that the reform of old-fashioned institutions is needed if East Asia is to follow the path of the developed countries.


Humanities ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Rebekah Slodounik

Written in 1941, while she was living in exile in Mexico, and published in 1944 in Mexico and the United States, Anna Seghers’ novel Transit replicates on a formal level an experience of displacement, statelessness, and exile. In the following analysis, I examine Transit as a text of forced migration. Several features of the novel attempt to produce an experience of displacement: the narrative situation, the incorporation of descriptions that place the events of World War II into a longer history of forced migration, and the use of references to the genre of the fairy tale. The descriptions that engage with past forced migration and displacement attempt to universalize the historical specificities of the time period, whereas the references to fairy tales generate a sense of timelessness associated with this genre. Through these strategies, Seghers’ novel itself attempts to displace time. Seghers situates Transit within a long history of forced migration and exile, in which the categories that are often used to define and divide populations—such as nationality, ethnicity, and religion—are in flux. By emphasizing the role of mistaken identity, Seghers destabilizes the concept of immutable identities in a period of upheaval and transition.


Author(s):  
Antoine Borrut

Writing the history of the first centuries of Islam poses thorny methodological problems, because our knowledge rests upon narrative sources produced later in Abbasid Iraq. The creation of an “official” version of the early Islamic past (i.e., a vulgate), composed contemporarily with the consolidation of Abbasid authority in the Middle East, was not the first attempt by Muslims to write about their origins. This Abbasid-era version succeeded when previous efforts vanished, or were reshaped, in rewritings and enshrined as the “official” version of Islamic sacred history. Attempts to impose different historical orthodoxies affected the making of this version, as history was rewritten with available materials, partly determined by earlier generations of Islamic historians. This essay intends to discuss a robust culture of historical writing in eighth-century Syria and to suggest approaches to access these now-lost historiographical layers torn between memory and oblivion, through Muslim and non-Muslim sources.


2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 101-104
Author(s):  
Viktor F. Chernat

In chronological order, there is presented the history of the creation of Oncology Service of the Republic of Moldova. There were mentioned most prominent public health leaders who participated in the creation and functioning of the Oncological service. There are described the main achievements and challenges of the service for the future.


Author(s):  
Надежда Степановна Коровина

В данной статье предпринята попытка на основе конкретного сказочного сюжета о Безручке (СУС 706) исследовать особенности взаимодействия фольклорных произведений народов, не родственных этнически, но тесно общаюшихся на протяжении длительного времени и имеющих близкие культурные традиции. При рассмотрении данного вопроса использовалась методика сравнительного анализа, позволяющая установить, каким образом международный сказочный сюжет становится культурным достоянием народа коми, т. е. прояснить историю национального сказочного репертуара. В процессе анализа коми сказок о Безручке выявлено сходство с русскими вариантами в области содержания, в типах героев и способах их создания, развитии действия и последовательности эпизодов. В результате автор приходит к выводу о том, что сюжет о Безручке (СУС 706) заимствован у русских. Одновременно в статье отмечен тот факт, что рассмотренные варианты коми сказок имеют свою специфику и не создают впечатления однообразия. Это происходит за счет того, что постоянные элементы, представляющие композиционный стержень сюжета, во-первых, обрастают своеобразными деталями, которые придают повествованию национальный колорит. Именно в них отражается быт, привычки, обычаи народа коми. Во-вторых, своеобразие каждого варианта во многом зависят от индивидуального стиля, степени исполнительского мастерства, творческой манеры, отношения к данному сюжету того или другого исполнителя. В-третьих, именно в отдельных его вариантах сказываются социальные, временные различия, в совокупности своей отражающие исторические изменения сказки In this article an attempt is made on the basis of a specific fairy-tale story about «The Maiden without Hand» (CIP 706) to explore the features of the interaction of folk works of peoples who are not related ethnically, but who closely communicated for a long time and have close cultural traditions. When regarding this issue, we consider it appropriate to use the methodology of comparative analysis, since it is the comparative study of Russian and Komi variants of the fairy-tale plot that allows us to establish how the international fairy-tale plot becomes the cultural heritage of the Komi people, to clarify the history of the national fairy-tale repertoire. In all analyzed Komi tales about the Maiden without hand there is a similarity with the Russian variants in the development of the action, the sequence of episodes, the type of characters, their characteristics, the common ideological content. The structural and typological analysis allows us to conclude that the plot about «The Maiden without hand» (CIP 706) was borrowed from the Russians. However, the considered variants of Komi fairy tales do not create the impression of monotony because the constant elements that represent the compositional core, firstly, acquire peculiar details that give the narrative a national flavor. They reflect the life, habits and customs of the Komi people. Secondly, the originality of each option depends largely on the individual style, the degree of performing skills, creative manner, attitude to the story of a particular artist. Thirdly, it is in its individual options where the impact of class, time differences manifest themselves reflecting the historical changes of the tale.


Author(s):  
Ovkhad A. Dzhambekov ◽  
◽  
Vakha S. Rasumov ◽  

In the article reveals the characteristic features of the Chechen literary tale. There is considered the question of the legality of distinguishing a fairy tale as a literary genre. Analyzing the history of the formation of the Chechen literary fairy tale, the authors note the structural similarity between folk and literary fairy tales, as well as the nature of the use of folklore motives by writers, which expand the genre palette of literary fairy tales.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-119
Author(s):  
Petrus Canisius Edi Laksito

This article deals with some elements of pastoral works and care of souls in the Diocese of Surabaya, in the East Java, Indonesia, especially in the mission era of 1850-1942. This period, which ends with the defeat of the colonial power of the Dutch by the Japanese occupation forces, is of great importance, because it laid the foundation of  the community life of this Diocese for the next periods. Being still in the period of mission, pastoral works of caring the souls of those days were characterized by the atmosphere of mission works. While as a term “mission” was still a “keyword” of this period, it is hoped that a good understanding about this period could be a good introduction for the future study of the history of pastoral works in the Diocese of Surabaya.


2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Achmad Fawaid

In the history of Indonesia’s struggle to reach its independence, soldiers, scholars, and students had played great roles. Islamic figures such as Ulama’ and santri were among those heroes with notable contributions. Although many are not recognized regarding its huge numbers, some has nailed their names nationally for their influential political and religious thoughts. This article tries to explore the political and religious thoughts’ of Abdul Wahid Hasyim’s contribution to the establishment of Islam in Indonesia and the establishment of the Republic of Indonesia. His involvement since the Dutch colonial period, the Japanese occupation, until the independence, shows a santri’s struggle for national independence. The result shows that in the context of religion and politics, there are some interesting thoughts delivered by Abdul Wachid Hasyim. His writings on both aspects, religion and politics, predominantly reflect efforts to democratizing different mazhab which led to the modernization of Mazhabiyyah. Wahid Hasyim tried to democratize mazhabiyah differences which previously often cause conflicts and disintegration among Muslims. Wahid Hasyim believes that mazhabiyah differences cannot be obstacles for the unity of the Muslims. On the contrary, these differences can be reformulated to be transformed into a greater concept for the future of Islam. Moreover, he brought about the importance of reconciling political thoughts which can spread unity to the Muslims and Indonesia as a nation. Indonesian Muslims were no longer disintegrated simply due to political issues. He also struggled to reconcile political conflicts involving Muslims and non-Muslims in Indonesia. KeywordsDemocratization, Mazhabiyyah, Reconciliation of politics


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document