Chloroquine Ingestion to Prevent SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Report of Two Cases

Introduction: Amid the global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine were being studied as agents to prevent and treat coronavirus disease 2019. Information about these agents and their effects circulated throughout the general public media, raising the concern for self-directed consumption of both pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical products. Case Report: We present two cases of chloroquine toxicity that occurred after ingestion of an aquarium disinfectant that contained chloroquine phosphate in a misguided attempt to prevent infection by SARS-CoV-2. One patient had repeated emesis and survived, while the other was unable to vomit, despite attempts, and suffered fatal cardiac dysrhythmias. Conclusion: These cases illustrate the spectrum of toxicity, varied presentations, and importance of early recognition and management of chloroquine poisoning. In addition, we can see the importance of sound medical guidance in an era of social confusion compounded by the extremes of public and social media.

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Concurrent tuberculosis and COVID-19: reports of three cases

BIRDEM Medical Journal ◽

10.3329/birdem.v10i0.50995 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 111-114

Author(s):

Chinmay Saha Podder ◽

Nandini Chowdhury

Keyword(s):

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Clinical Features ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

The Other ◽

Other Hand ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

Infectious Origin ◽

Day By Day

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the latest global pandemic is on the hunt and the incidence is sharply rising day by day. On the other hand, tuberculosis (TB) is the leading causes of death from infectious origin. Historically, coronaviral illness were reported with co-infection with TB; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) is not an exception. As both diseases have overlapping clinical features, sometimes it maybe very difficult to diagnose and long standing features of TB can easily be mistaken for post-acute COVID-19. This report emphasizes the importance of suspecting TB-COVID co-infection and its grave consequences. Birdem Med J 2020; 10, COVID Supplement: 111-114

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Case Report: Analysis of Inflammatory Cytokines IL-6, CCL2/MCP1, CCL5/RANTES, CXCL9/MIG, and CXCL10/IP10 in a Cystic Fibrosis Patient Cohort During the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Frontiers in Pediatrics ◽

10.3389/fped.2021.645063 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Giulia Baresi ◽

Mauro Giacomelli ◽

Daniele Moratto ◽

Marco Chiarini ◽

Immacolata Claudia Conforti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cystic Fibrosis ◽

Case Report ◽

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Cystic Fibrosis Patient ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Inflammatory Markers ◽

The Other ◽

Infectious Episode ◽

Before And After ◽

Report Analysis

Since the beginning of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, data registered in the European countries revealed increasing cases of infection in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. In the course of this pandemic, we enrolled 17 CF patients for a study evaluating inflammatory markers. One of them developed COVID-19, giving us the possibility to analyze inflammatory markers in the acute phase as compared to levels detected before and after the infectious episode and to levels measured in the other CF patients enrolled to the study who did not experience COVID-19 and 23 patients referred to our center for SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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Spectrum and Clinical Characteristics of Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) With and Without Pneumonia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-122864/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Huihui Zeng ◽

Yiming Ma ◽

Zhiguo Zhou ◽

Wenlong Liu ◽

Peng Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Ventilation ◽

Renal Replacement Therapy ◽

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Clinical Characteristics ◽

Invasive Mechanical Ventilation ◽

The Other ◽

Limited Information ◽

Viral Shedding ◽

Radiologic Findings ◽

Global Pandemic

Abstract BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become a global pandemic. Based on symptoms, COVID-19 cases can be classified as symptomatic or asymptomatic. However, there is limited information about the differences between COVID-19 patients with and without pneumonia. Our study aimed to further discuss the spectrum and clinical characteristics of symptomatic and asymptomatic COVID-19 patients with and without pneumonia. MethodsIn China, all COVID-19 cases are hospitalized in designated hospitals until two continuous negative oropharyngeal swabs obtained, which allows the professional monitoring of symptoms and clinical characteristics. We stratified all COVID-19 cases in our database, and evaluated clinical characteristics in different COVID-19 subgroups (symptomatic with pneumonia, symptomatic without pneumonia, asymptomatic with pneumonia and asymptomatic without pneumonia). ResultsAccording to symptoms and laboratory and radiologic findings, COVID-19 cases were defined as symptomatic with pneumonia, symptomatic without pneumonia, asymptomatic with pneumonia or asymptomatic without pneumonia. There were differences in the clinical characteristics and prognosis among the four groups. Both noninvasive (18, 4.2%) and invasive mechanical ventilation (11, 2.6%) were applied in only the symptomatic with pneumonia group. Likewise, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) were applied in only the symptomatic with pneumonia group. There were no differences in the durations of viral shedding and hospitalization among the four groups.ConclusionWe have defined a comprehensive spectrum of COVID-19 with and without pneumonia. The symptomatic with pneumonia group consumed more medical resources than the other groups, and extra caution and monitoring should be applied in this group. The asymptomatic COVID-19 group had a similar viral shedding duration as the symptomatic COVID-19 group.Trial registrationNot available

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Humor Analysis Of Ideological Discussion In Twitter Account Interactions @NUgarislucu and @MuhammadiyinGL

International Journal of English and Applied Linguistics (IJEAL) ◽

10.47709/ijeal.v1i1.968 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 19-25

Author(s):

Ahmad Efendi

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

General Public ◽

Indirect Interactions ◽

The Other ◽

The Public ◽

Twitter Account

This study aims to analyze the humorous interaction of ideological discourses between twitter account @NUgarislucu and @MuhammadiyinGL. In social media twitter because they often interact with organizational ideological issues in a joke. Researchers cite 5 direct and indirect interactions between the @NUgarislucu and @MuhammadiyinGL twitter accounts during January-February 2021 with different interaction backgrounds. In the interaction between the two accounts above, there are actually ideologies of their respective organizations that want to be conveyed to the public. However, the two accounts also show the general public that conveying beliefs, religious doctrines can actually be done with jokes and humor. You don't have to think that one group is right and the other is wrong.

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Potential specific therapies in COVID-19

Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease ◽

10.1177/1753466620926853 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

pp. 175346662092685 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Muhammad Hamdan Gul ◽

Zin Mar Htun ◽

Nauman Shaukat ◽

Muhammad Imran ◽

Ahmad Khan

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Randomized Clinical Trials ◽

Middle Eastern ◽

The Other ◽

Potential Treatment ◽

Blood Products ◽

Material Section ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

The World

COVID-19 has grown into a global pandemic that has strained healthcare throughout the world. There is a sense of urgency in finding a cure for this deadly virus. In this study, we reviewed the empiric options used in common practice for COVID-19, based on the literature available online, with an emphasis on human experiences with these treatments on severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-COV-1) and other viruses. Convalescent blood products are the most promising potential treatment for use in COVID-19. The use of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), remdesivir, and tocilizumab are some of the other promising potential therapies; however, they are yet to be tested in randomized clinical trials (RCTs). The use of lopinavir-ritonavir did not prove beneficial in a large RCT. The use of corticosteroids should be avoided in COVID-19 pneumonia unless used for other indications, based on the suggestion of harm in patients with SARS-COV-1 and Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) infection. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.

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Performances of Myanmar Military in COVID-19 Pandemic Period & Disparities of Public Attitudes on Myanmar Military "Between Before COVID-19 And Present COVID-19 Period"

Technium Social Sciences Journal ◽

10.47577/tssj.v16i1.2528 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

pp. 584-598

Author(s):

Phyoe Marnn ◽

Thaw Tar Oo ◽

Phyo Moh Moh Zin ◽

Nizeyimana Jean Claude

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Public Attitudes ◽

The Other ◽

Negative Attitudes ◽

Care Services ◽

Other Hand ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

Positive Attitudes ◽

Public Areas ◽

National League

COVID-19 is well known as “Global Pandemic” and it is a dreadful disaster on the world. However, on the other hand, COVID-19 pandemic becomes study issues for many researchers and their juniors and followers. Moreover, some negative attitudes of some Myanmar people to Myanmar National Soldiers become positive attitudes of them. Myanmar has many conflicts between some people who stand with NLD (National League for Democracy) and some people who stand with Myanmar Military. On Social Media pages, Myanmar public have quarreled and they are still quarrelling even in public areas and moreover family members become conflicts due to their favorite organization and poor knowledge of politics. Myanmar Tradition was so gentle and polite and polite people of Myanmar never abused other people and they had extremely tolerance each other before social media did not share rumors of Myanmar Military and Government. This conflicts are severe more and more and it is becoming bad situation of unity of Myanmar. Unfortunately, COVID-19 pandemic appeared as global disasters and Myanmar Military was ready to support public by taking their responsibilities. Military Quarantine Centers for public are so systematical and patients and their families don’t need to worry about their medical care services, medicines and their daily meals and moreover for their necessary daily items are ready placed there. COVID-19 is so cruel warfare for every country and on the other hand, this warfare could reform “Unity Damage” of Myanmar. 57% of negative attitudes of some Myanmar people have been decreased. This study aimed to reform “Noble Unity” of Myanmar and some conditions of COVID-19 were recorded to protect fake informations of COVID-19 periods by some social media pages. The researchers hope “Developed Myanmar” with “Noble Unity and Peace”.

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Description and Proposed Management of the Acute COVID-19 Cardiovascular Syndrome

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circulationaha.120.047349 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 141 (23) ◽

pp. 1903-1914 ◽

Cited By ~ 120

Author(s):

Nicholas S. Hendren ◽

Mark H. Drazner ◽

Biykem Bozkurt ◽

Leslie T. Cooper

Keyword(s):

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Early Recognition ◽

Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Antiviral Agents ◽

Cardiac Injury ◽

Viral Myocarditis ◽

Hemodynamic Instability ◽

Healthcare Staff ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

Artery Disease

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly expanding global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. A substantial minority of patients hospitalized develop an acute COVID-19 cardiovascular syndrome, which can manifest with a variety of clinical presentations but often presents as an acute cardiac injury with cardiomyopathy, ventricular arrhythmias, and hemodynamic instability in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease. The cause of this injury is uncertain but is suspected to be related to myocarditis, microvascular injury, systemic cytokine-mediated injury, or stress-related cardiomyopathy. Although histologically unproven, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has the potential to directly replicate within cardiomyocytes and pericytes, leading to viral myocarditis. Systemically elevated cytokines are also known to be cardiotoxic and have the potential to result in profound myocardial injury. Prior experience with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 has helped expedite the evaluation of several promising therapies, including antiviral agents, interleukin-6 inhibitors, and convalescent serum. Management of acute COVID-19 cardiovascular syndrome should involve a multidisciplinary team including intensive care specialists, infectious disease specialists, and cardiologists. Priorities for managing acute COVID-19 cardiovascular syndrome include balancing the goals of minimizing healthcare staff exposure for testing that will not change clinical management with early recognition of the syndrome at a time point at which intervention may be most effective. This article aims to review the best available data on acute COVID-19 cardiovascular syndrome epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. From these data, we propose a surveillance, diagnostic, and management strategy that balances potential patient risks and healthcare staff exposure with improvement in meaningful clinical outcomes.

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An Overview on Covid-19: Clinical Features, Treatment and Prevention

Coronaviruses ◽

10.2174/2666796701999200818145609 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 01 ◽

Author(s):

Shahid Ud Din Wani ◽

Surya Prakash Gautam ◽

Zulfkar Latief Qadrie

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Viral Disease ◽

Pharmaceutical Products ◽

The Other ◽

Wuhan City ◽

Treatment And Prevention ◽

The World ◽

Control And Prevention ◽

Respiratory Droplets

Background: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a transmissible illness produced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has now quickly expanded since its outbreak in Wuhan City of Hubei region of China to the other parts of the world. In accordance with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the spread of COVID-19 emerges typically human-to-humans through respiratory droplets within an area of 1-2 meters. Aim/ Objective: In the present perspective, we have discussed some of the measures taken to prevent and treat the patient suffering from COVID-19, and how to restrict the further spread of COVID-19 due to SARS-CoV-2. Findings/results: The general clinical properties are fever, cough, sore throat, headache, tiredness, myalgia and difficulty in breathing. Presently no approved treatments for COVID-19, as of now no pharmaceutical products have been revealed to be harmless & efficient for the management of COVID-19. Various anti-viral medicines e.g. ribavirin, lopinavir, and ritonavir have been utilized supported on the familiarity with SARS and MERS. Many drugs and vaccines are currently being studied in clinical trials, jointly with the (Solidarity trial) co-sponsored by the WHO. Conclusion: The use of a mask by fit people in community areas to guard against respiratory viral disease is presently recommended by WHO. Patients must be kept in individual rooms, the rooms, surfaces and equipment should go through standard sanitization possibly with sodium hypochlorite. Consequently, apart from restricting this epidemic, efforts should be made to plan wide-ranging procedures to thwart potential outbreaks of the zoonotic sources.

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Antimicrobial Resistance: The Potent Enemy Lurking Behind COVID-19

Coronaviruses ◽

10.2174/2666796702666210224125409 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 02 ◽

Author(s):

Rohini Kanwar ◽

Amit Kumar ◽

Jyoti Rathee ◽

Surinder K. Mehta

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Research And Development ◽

The Other ◽

Potential Mechanism ◽

Antimicrobial Drugs ◽

Environmental Deterioration ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

Secondary Infections ◽

Effective Medication

: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged as a global pandemic due to its high transmissibility and pathogenicity. It is a beta clade zoonotic coronavirus alike severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Though no effective medication has been developed against the deadly COVID-19 disease, henceforth old antimicrobial drugs have been repurposed to treat the COVID-19 patients. In this report, a brief account of the used medication, and the potential mechanism of antimicrobial drugs against SARS-CoV-2 has been provided. Based on the earlier incidences, the antimicrobials are expected to lose the battle against SARS-CoV-2. The vast lacuna in the research and development of vaccines has led to overuse of the already formulated antimicrobial drugs which in turn has directed towards a distressing problem called “Antimicrobial resistance (AMR)”. A complete assay of AMR has been given AMR including its cause, mechanism, spread, and consequences. The other two interlinked problems namely, environmental deterioration and secondary infections are elaborated. Moreover, to combat the AMR problem, the way forward has been discussed in detail.

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Science communication and the issue of trust

Journal of Science Communication ◽

10.22323/2.15050301 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 15 (05) ◽

pp. C01 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Peter Weingart ◽

Lars Guenther

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

General Public ◽

Science Communication ◽

The Other ◽

Research Institutions ◽

Special Interests ◽

Other Hand ◽

Use Of Social Media ◽

The One

Science communication, whether internally or to the general public depends on trust, both trust in the source and trust in the medium of communication. With the new 'ecology of communication' this trust is endangered. On the one hand the very term of science communication has been captured by many different actors (e.g., governments, PR experts, universities and research institutions, science journalists, and bloggers) apart from scientists themselves to whom science communication means different things and whose communication is tainted by special interests. Some of these actors are probably more trusted by the general public than others. On the other hand, the channels that are used to communicate science are also not trusted equally. Particularly the widespread use of social media raises doubts about the credibility of the communication spread through them.

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