scholarly journals PODMÍNKY VZNIKU MOČOVÝCH KAMENŮ

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vendula Ambrožová ◽  
Josef Zeman
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Human Urine ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Calcium Phosphates ◽  
Urinary Calculi ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Calcium Oxalates ◽  
Ph Range

Urinary stones are generally products of pathological crystallization in the urinary tract. Their formation is influenced by many factors, such as genetic predisposition, age, stress, working environment or climate. They consist mainly of calcium oxalates and calcium phosphates. Formation of urinal stones was studied experimentally in laboratory. Solutions supersaturated with respect to the calcium oxalates and calcium phosphates were prepared by mixing stock solutions containing appropriate components (calcium, phosphate and oxalate ions). To simulate the conditions of urinary stones formation in real human urine the pH value of the solutions was adjusted with HCl and NaOH in the rage of 4.0 to 8.5 (pH range of normal human urine). After precipitation of solids, the solutions were sampled and analysed. Thermodynamic models were created to predict the theoretical conditions of urinary calculi formation. The results indicate that pH of solutions directly affects the aqueous speciation and, consequently, the formation of stones in the urinary tract. The comparison of results with human urine composition showed that urine of healthy human can contain higher amount of dissolved phosphates, oxalates or calcium substances than amount necessary for stones formation, but it may not lead to creation of urinary stones.

scholarly journals Vaginal Urinary Calculi Formation Secondary to Vaginal Mesh Exposure with Urinary Incontinence

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kara M. Griffiths ◽  
Geoffrey D. Towers ◽  
Jerome L. Yaklic
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Calculi ◽  
Mesh Erosion ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Mesh Exposure ◽  
Mesh Placement ◽  
Additional Imaging ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vaginal Calculus

Background. Vaginal stones may form in the setting of mesh exposure with urinary incontinence. This report serves to help understand the presentation, evaluation, and management of vaginal urinary stones.Case. A 68-year-old female presented with a vaginal calculus. She had a history of anterior and posterior polypropylene mesh placement for prolapse 7 years earlier and urinary incontinence. The stone was identified on a portion of exposed mesh and removed in office. Pathology confirmed urinary etiology. The exposed mesh resolved with topical estrogen. Cystourethroscopy excluded urinary fistula and bladder mesh erosion.Conclusions. When identified, a vaginal calculus should be removed and evaluated for composition. Cystourethroscopy should be performed to assess potential urinary tract fistulas and mesh erosion. Additional imaging should be considered.

scholarly journals Crystallization of urine mineral components may depend on the chemical nature of Proteus endotoxin polysaccharides

2003 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 471-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Torzewska ◽  
Paweł Stączek ◽  
Antoni Róźalski
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Crystallization Process ◽  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Calcium Phosphates ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Urinary Calculi ◽  
Carbonate Apatite ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Tract Infections

Formation of infectious urinary calculi is the most common complication accompanying urinary tract infections by members of the genus Proteus. The major factor involved in stone formation is the urease produced by these bacteria, which causes local supersaturation and crystallization of magnesium and calcium phosphates as carbonate apatite [Ca10(PO4)6.CO3] and struvite (MgNH4PO4.6H2O), respectively. This effect may also be enhanced by bacterial polysaccharides. Macromolecules of such kind contain negatively charged residues that are able to bind Ca2+ and Mg2+, leading to the accumulation of these ions around bacterial cells and acceleration of the crystallization process. The levels of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions bound by whole Proteus cells were measured, as well as the chemical nature of isolated LPS polysaccharides, and the intensity of the in vitro crystallization process was compared in a synthetic urine. The results suggest that the sugar composition of Proteus LPS may either enhance or inhibit the crystallization of struvite and apatite, depending on its chemical structure and ability to bind cations. This points to the increased importance of endotoxin in urinary tract infections.

scholarly journals Surgical Management of Urolithiasis in a Male Labrador: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (01) ◽  
pp. 77-79
Author(s):  
Chhotan Kumar Ghosh ◽  
Subhasis Roy ◽  
Pradip Sarkar ◽  
Anil Singh
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Calculi ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Crystal Formation ◽  
Renal Capsule ◽  
Common Condition ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Urine Retention ◽  
Tract Disease ◽  
Lower Urinary

Urinary stones (urolithiasis) are a common condition responsible for lower urinary tract disease in dogs. The formation of calculi is associated with precipitation and crystal formation of a variety of minerals. Urinary calculi can damage the lining of the urinary tract, causing inflammation, which may predispose to bacterial infection. If calculi become lodged in the ureter, causing an obstruction, it may result in serious kidney damage. Unilateral ureteral obstruction may result in hydronephrosis with loss of function of the kidney. Urine retention may rupture the bladder with distension of the renal capsule (Tion et al., 2015 and Mudasir et al., 2018). So, an urgent cystotomy for removal of uroliths is the most commonly performed surgical procedure to save the life of the pets.

scholarly journals Composition of Uroliths seen in patients in Abuja, Nigeria: a single centre retrospective analysis of 155 stones

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Celsus Ukelina Undie ◽  
Ewomazino Ibanga Nnana ◽  
Kalenebari Raymond Torporo
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Upper Urinary Tract ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Mixed Composition ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Uric Acid Stones ◽  
Male Patients

Abstract Background Uroliths are stones formed in the urinary tract. Analysis of stones helps to identify risk factors for their development and prevention of recurrence. Standard stone analysis using modern technology is not routinely done in Nigeria. This study sought to determine the chemical composition of urinary stones seen in Abuja, Nigeria. Methods This was a retrospective study on composition of uroliths. Urinary stones surgically removed from 155 patients through minimal access surgical procedures between January 2015 and August 2019 were analysed. Optical crystallography and infrared spectroscopy were used to determine the chemical composition of the urinary stones. Results A total of 155 urinary stones were assembled from the patients. More stones were removed from male patients and the male to female ratio was 1.9:1. Stones were rare in the extremes of age. The predominant location (89.7%) of stones was in the upper urinary tract. All stones were of mixed composition with calcium oxalate accounting for 93.55%. Calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate and uric acid stones were more common in the upper tract, while 2 of the 3 struvite stones were found in the lower tract. Conclusion Stones found in this study were of mixed composition with the most common constituent being Calcium oxalate and the least common, struvite.

Formulation and Stability Test of Lip Cream Preparation of Kenop Flower Ethanol Extract (Gomphrena globosa L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mevi Irianti Tonapa ◽  
Rani Dewi Pratiwi ◽  
Elsye Gunawan
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Stability Test ◽  
Gomphrena Globosa ◽  
Homogeneous Composition ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Average Dispersion ◽  
Brown Color

Kenop Flower (Gomphrena globosa L.) is used in the manufacture of lip cream because contains betacyanin pigments that function as color pigments. This study aims to determine the physical quality and stability of the lip cream preparation of the ethanol extract of kenop flower (Gomphrena globosa L.). This research was conducted experimentally, including the manufacture of lip cream formulations with ethanol extract of kenop flower (Gomphrena globosa L.) with a concentration of 10%. The results of the physical examination test for lip cream preparations for all preparations have a distinctive vanilla aroma with a semi-solid texture, F0 has ivory white color and F1-F3 has a brown color. The preparations had a homogeneous composition, average pH 6-7, had good greasing power, 5.0-5.8 average dispersion and 60.33-66.67 seconds average adhesion. The stability test carried out on day 28 found that all preparations were stable, had a distinctive vanilla aroma with a semi-solid texture, F0 had ivory white color and F1-F3 had a brown color. The preparation has a homogeneous composition; the average pH is 6-7. Where the lip cream formulas F1 and F3 decreased the pH value on the 28th day from 7 to 6 but tended to be stable and in the pH range that matched the lip pH. And there is no phase separation in all formulas.

Morphoconstitutional analysis of a series of 166 urinary stones in Western Algeria for a period of two years (2015-2017)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-112
Author(s):  
Bouzana Fatima ◽  
Sbahi Khayra ◽  
Kerroumi Slimane ◽  
Attar Abderahmane ◽  
Seghir Madjhouda Omar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Sequential Analysis ◽  
Left Kidney ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Anatomical Localization ◽  
Western Algeria ◽  
The Right

A stone is not only an obstacle, sometimes painful, on the urinary tract justifying an emergency urological gesture to restore their permeability. It is primarily a symptom of crystallogenic pathologies or urinary imbalances of nu-tritional origin whose recurrence is the rule if the cause has not been correctly identified. It is therefore recommended in the patient's interest; analyze the calcul or its fragments to determine its composition and structure, one and / or the other orienting towards the pathology in question. A series of 166 urinary stones were collected nearby the hospitals of western Algeria after urological intervention or spontaneous expulsion and sequential analysis of the nucleus at the surface by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry. The male / female ratio was 1.78. The study of the anatomical localization of the stones showed a predominance of the high urinary tract with a rate of 76.9%. 27.3% of the stones were located in the left kidney compared to 25.7% in the right kidney. Analysis of the crystalline composition showed that calcium oxalate was predominant in 65.8% of the calculs and in 58.5% of the nuclei. In all, whewellite was present in 46.9% of cases and weddellite in 18.9%. uric acid anhydrous was the major component of 12.2% of the calculations analyzed. It was present in 23.3% of cases with predominance in subjects over 60 years. Our results show that the lithiasis of the urinary tree in western Algeria tends to evolve in the same direction as that of the industri-alized countries.

SIGNIFICANT EFFECT OF PH ON PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION OF ORGANIC POLLUTANTS USING SEMICONDUCTOR CATALYSTS

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (8-3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Farhana Jaafar ◽  
Aishah Abdul Jalil ◽  
Sugeng Triwahyono ◽  
Adnan Ripin ◽  
Mohamad Wijayanuddin Ali
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Methyl Orange ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Effect Of Ph ◽  
Electrolysis Method ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Positively Charged

Photocatalytic is one of the inexpensive and non-toxic techniques for degradation of organic pollutants into harmless substances such as water and carbon dioxide. In this study, simple electrolysis method was used in preparation of Ag/TiO2 and α-Fe2O3/HY catalysts. The physicochemical properties of the catalysts were studied using XRD, FTIR, FESEM-EDX and surface area analysis. The pH of solution plays an important role in the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants which influences the surface-charge properties of the catalysts. Ag/TiO2 and α-Fe2O3/HY were used as catalyst on degradation of 2-chlorophenol (2-CP) and methyl orange (MO), respectively. The effect of pH on degradation of 2-CP and MO were investigated over a pH range from 2 to 9. Higher degradation of 2-CP and MO were obtained at pH 5 (74%) and pH 2 (80%), respectively. This finding might be explained by the amphoteric performance of the catalyst using point zero charge (pHZPC). The pHZPC for Ag/TiO2 and α-Fe2O3/HY was found to be at pH 6.3 and pH 7.2, respectively. Hence, the activities of the catalysts may have been affected by the existence of a strong electrostatic field between the positively charged catalysts surface and negatively charged 2-CP and MO caused a pH value lower than their pHZPC give greater degradation.

scholarly journals Disintegration of Urinary Calculi by Laser Beam: Drilling Experiment in Extracted Urinary Stones

1979 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
YOSHIKATSU TANAHASHI ◽  
SEIICHI ORIKASA ◽  
RYUICHI CHIBA ◽  
KENICHIRO TAHIRA ◽  
TSUTOMU FUKATSU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Beam ◽  
Urinary Calculi ◽  
Urinary Stones

scholarly journals Human urine alters methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus virulence and transcriptome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh Paudel ◽  
Kamal Bagale ◽  
Swapnil Patel ◽  
Nicholas J. Kooyers ◽  
Ritwij Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Human Urine ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Tract Infections

Gram-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an emerging cause of hospital-associated urinary tract infections (UTI), especially in catheterized individuals. Despite being rare, MRSA UTI are prone to potentially life-threatening exacerbations such as bacteremia that can be refractory to routine antibiotic therapy. To delineate the molecular mechanisms governing MRSA urinary pathogenesis, we exposed three S. aureus clinical isolates, including two MRSA strains to human urine for 2h and analyzed virulence characteristics and changes in gene expression. The in vitro virulence assays showed that human urine rapidly alters adherence to human bladder epithelial cells and fibronectin, hemolysis of sheep RBCs, and surface hydrophobicity in a staphylococcal strain-specific manner. In addition, RNA-Seq analysis of uropathogenic strain MRSA-1369 revealed that 2h-long exposure to human urine alters MRSA transcriptome, by modifying expression of genes encoding enzymes catalyzing metabolic pathways, virulence factors, and transcriptional regulators. In summary, our results provide important insights into how human urine specifically and rapidly alters MRSA physiology and facilitates MRSA survival in the nutrient-limiting and hostile urinary microenvironment. Importance: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an uncommon cause of urinary tract infections (UTI) in the general population. However, it is important to understand MRSA pathophysiology in the urinary tract because isolation of MRSA in urine samples often precedes potentially life-threatening MRSA bacteremia. In this report, we describe how exposure to human urine alters MRSA global gene expression and virulence. We hypothesize that these alterations may aid MRSA in acclimating to the nutrient-limiting, immunologically hostile conditions within the urinary tract leading to MRSA-UTI.

Efficacy of Hounsfield Unit of CT in Prediction of the Chemical Composition of Urinary Stones

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Salah Mahmoud Ahmed Shehata ◽  
Mohamed Rafik El-Halaby ◽  
Ahmed Mohamed Saafan
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Urinary Calculi ◽  
Hounsfield Unit ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Struvite Stones

Abstract Objectives to make a reliable correlation between the chemical composition of the urinary calculi and its Hounsfield unit on CT scan, upon which we can depend on it for prediction of the type of the urinary calculi. The prediction of the chemical structure of the stone would help us to reach a more efficient therapeutic and prophylactic plan. Methods A retrospective study was performed by interpretation of the preoperative CT scans for patients who were presented by urinary stones. Identification of the chemical structure of the calculi was implemented using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR spectroscopy). The laboratory report revealed multiple types of stones either of pure or mixed composition. Afterwards, a comparison was done between Hounsfield units of the stones and the chemical structure. Results The chemical structure of the urinary stones revealed four pure types of stones (Uric acid, Calcium Oxalate, Struvite and Cystine) and two types of mixed stones (mixed calcium oxalate+ Uric, and mixed calcium oxalate+ calcium phosphate). Uric acid stone had a mean Hounsfield Unit (HU) density of428 ± 81, which was quite less than the other stones, followed by struvite stones with density ranging about 714 ± 38. Mixed calcium oxalate stones could be differentiated from other types of stones like uric acid, pure calcium oxalate and struvite stones by the Hounsfield unit of Computed Tomography (the mean Hounsfield Unit was 886 ± 139 and 1427 ± 152 for mixed calcium oxalate + uric stone and mixed calcium oxalate + calcium phosphate stones respectively). Moreover, pure calcium oxalate stones were easily differentiated from all other stones using the mean Hounsfield density as it was 1158 ± 83. It was challenging only when it was compared to cystine stones, as they were quiet similar to HU value (997 ± 14). The variation of Hounsfield values among the previously mentioned stones, was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Conclusion The study proved that the Hounsfield Unit of CT scanning is a convenient measure to predict the chemical structure of urinary calculi.

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