scholarly journals The Differential Diagnosis of Colitis in Endoscopic Biopsy Specimens: A Review Article

2012 ◽  
Vol 136 (8) ◽  
pp. 854-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa A. Cerilli ◽  
Joel K. Greenson
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Endoscopic Biopsy ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Biopsy Specimens ◽  
Gastrointestinal Pathology ◽  
Histologic Changes

Context.—A variety of inflammatory disorders may affect the colon, with widely differing clinical outcomes and management. These conditions encompass a spectrum of acute and chronic conditions. Objective.—Review the pathology of the major colitides and highlight the most diagnostically useful features. Data Sources.—Review of recent literature supplemented with personal experience in the field of gastrointestinal pathology. Conclusions.—The etiologies associated with the various types of colitis are diverse and the range of histologic changes is somewhat limited. Nevertheless, the combination of clinical and endoscopic data coupled with histopathology allows for accurate classification in the majority of cases.

Application of Immunohistochemistry to Liver and Gastrointestinal Neoplasms: Liver, Stomach, Colon, and Pancreas

2008 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
pp. 490-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen A. Geller ◽  
Deepti Dhall ◽  
Randa Alsabeh
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Gastrointestinal System ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ◽  
Metastatic Neoplasm ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Context.—Immunohistochemistry has become an integral component of the practice of pathology. Newer antibodies allow for increasingly precise diagnoses for tumors that previously could not be easily identified. Recently, immunohistochemical evaluations have begun to allow pathologists to actively assist in determining prognosis and even in selecting therapies. Objective.—To summarize the usefulness of currently available immunostains for the study of liver and gastrointestinal system neoplasms and to make recommendations for panels of immunostains that can be particularly helpful. Data Sources.—Information has been collected from recent literature as well as from personal experience and practice. Conclusions.—Many immunostains are now available for the practicing pathologist that allow for increasing accuracy in diagnosis of liver and gastrointestinal tract neoplasms. Panels of immunostains can be used to differentiate between various tumors and also to identify site of origin in the case of a metastatic neoplasm. Immunostains that allow for prognostic determinations and for guidance in the selection of chemotherapeutic agents can also be used by pathologists to assist in the management of patients with malignant tumors affecting the liver and gastrointestinal tract.

scholarly journals Application of Immunohistochemistry in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary and Pleural Neoplasms

2017 ◽  
Vol 141 (9) ◽  
pp. 1195-1213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer S. Woo ◽  
Opal L. Reddy ◽  
Matthew Koo ◽  
Yan Xiong ◽  
Faqian Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Practical Approach ◽  
Valuable Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Histologic Evaluation ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Pleural Neoplasms

Context.— A vast majority of neoplasms arising from lung or pleura are initially diagnosed based on the histologic evaluation of small transbronchial, endobronchial, or needle core biopsies. Although most diagnoses can be determined by morphology alone, immunohistochemistry can be a valuable diagnostic tool in the workup of problematic cases. Objective.— To provide a practical approach in the interpretation and immunohistochemical selection of lung/pleura–based neoplasms obtained from small biopsy samples. Data Sources.— A literature review of previously published articles and the personal experience of the authors were used in this review article. Conclusion.— Immunohistochemistry is a useful diagnostic tool in the workup of small biopsies from the lung and pleura sampled by small biopsy techniques.

scholarly journals MORPHOMETRIC DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF INTESTINAL TUBERCULOSIS AND CROHN’S DISEASE

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-60
Author(s):  
TA A Fedorina ◽  
GV V Nedugov
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Intestinal Tuberculosis ◽  
Endoscopic Biopsy ◽  
Biopsy Specimens ◽  
Morphometric Methods ◽  
Tuberculosis Therapy ◽  
The Given ◽  
Granulomatous Disorders

Intestinal tuberculosis and Crohn’s disease are chronic granulomatous disorders that are difficult to differentiate histologically. Aim - to describe the case of erroneous establishment of Crohn's disease in a patient with intestinal tuberculosis by the results of pathomorphological examination of biopsy specimens of the colon. The absence of anti-tuberculosis therapy led to the progression of the tuberculosis process with the development of tuberculosis of the larynx, lungs and ileum, followed by disability of the patient. Conclusions. The given observation shows the necessity of introduction in the practice of clinical morphologist the morphometric methods of study of endoscopic biopsy specimens, allowing to differentiate between intestinal tuberculosis and Crohn's disease.

Herbal Products for Common Auto-Inflammatory Disorders - Novel Approaches

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanoo Suroowan ◽  
Fawzi Mahomoodally
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Inflammatory Disorders ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Synthetic Agents ◽  
Unique Approach ◽  
Novel Approaches

Background: Common auto-inflammatory disorders (CAIDs) constitute a wide array of ailments ranging from acute allergies to chronic conditions. Globally, CAIDs remain one of the leading causes of disability and morbidity. Despite playing a leading therapeutic role, the vast profusion of anti-inflammatory synthetic agents have not been able to fully resolve a panoply of CAIDs. Additionally, contemporary synthetic therapy approaches remain bounded by a wide array of limitations essentially being adverse effects and unaffordable costs. In this advent, the use of herbal products provides an interesting avenue to explore in view of developing such treatment regimens. Objective: This review article endeavors to highlight potential herbal products and isolated phytochemicals which can be of benefit in the prophylaxis, management, and treatment alongside avoiding the relapse of CAIDs. Conclusion: This review article has highlighted that herbals, herbal products, and isolated metabolites hold a huge potential in the prophylaxis, management, and treatment of CAIDs. Herbals can act on various targets involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disorders. In addition, novel approaches for the management of CAIDs are numerous. Indeed, nanoparticles loaded with phytochemicals have been developed to specifically target the colon for IBD treatment. In silico approaches using herbals also offer unlimited avenues to decipher new pharmacophores. Investigating the potential of polyherbal formulations is another unique approach which can be investigated. Given the inefficacy of conventional medicines, the concomitant use of conventional and herbal medicines can also be explored.

Helenalin: An Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Neoplastic Agent: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1134-1146
Author(s):  
Priyanka Kriplani ◽  
Kumar Guarve ◽  
Uttam S. Baghel
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Inflammatory Agent ◽  
Skin Cancers ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Objective: Helenalin is a natural anti-inflammatory agent that is proving its efficacy to treat various medical conditions. Though many plants are proving their effectiveness but their mechanisms are still not well understood. The objective of the review is to summarize various mechanisms of helenalin to treat inflammatory disorders and cancers, adverse effects, and avenues of further research. Methods: Structured research was carried out including Pub med, Science direct Medline, Research Gate and Google Scholar to find all articles published on helenalin. Various keywords used were “helenalin”, “Arnica”, “cancer”, “anti-inflammatory”, “cardiovascular”, “IBD”, “pharmacokinetics” etc. The aim of the review was to find out the problem prevailing in the data published to date which will help the researchers to investigate the molecule clinically. Results: Seventy articles are included in the review. Helenalin is found to cure chronic conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, ulcers and malignancies like stomach, colon, breast, larynx, lung and skin cancers via multiple mechanisms. These diseases do not proceed via a unilateral pathway. So, it can be a useful molecule to treat numerous diseases. Conclusion: This review article will help us to systemically analyze the wealth of information concerning the medicinal properties of helenalin and to recognize the gaps which have vetoed its pervasive application in the medical community.

Standardization of Diagnostic Immunohistochemistry: Literature Review and Geisinger Experience

2014 ◽  
Vol 138 (12) ◽  
pp. 1564-1577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Lin ◽  
Zongming Chen
Keyword(s):  
Quality Management ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Critical Points ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Antibody Validation

Context Immunohistochemistry has become an indispensable ancillary technique in anatomic pathology laboratories. Standardization of every step in preanalytic, analytic, and postanalytic phases is crucial to achieve reproducible and reliable immunohistochemistry test results. Objective To standardize immunohistochemistry tests from preanalytic, analytic, to postanalytic phases. Data Sources Literature review and Geisinger (Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania) experience. Conclusions This review article delineates some critical points in preanalytic, analytic, and postanalytic phases; reiterates some important questions, which may or may not have a consensus at this time; and updates the newly proposed guidelines on antibody validation from the College of American Pathologists Pathology and Laboratory Quality Center. Additionally, the article intends to share Geisinger's experience with (1) testing/optimizing a new antibody and troubleshooting; (2) interpreting and reporting immunohistochemistry assay results; (3) improving and implementing a total immunohistochemistry quality management program; and (4) developing best practices in immunohistochemistry.

Placental Mesenchymal Dysplasia

2007 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahida Parveen ◽  
Jane Elaine Tongson-Ignacio ◽  
Cory R. Fraser ◽  
Jeffery L. Killeen ◽  
Karen S. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Molar Pregnancy ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Normal Fetus ◽  
Fetal Complications ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
Placental Mesenchymal Dysplasia

Abstract Context.—Placental mesenchymal dysplasia is characterized by placentomegaly and may be mistaken for molar pregnancy both clinically and macroscopically because of the presence of “grapelike vesicles.” It may be associated with a completely normal fetus, a fetus with growth restriction, or a fetus with features of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Objective.—To review the etiology, molecular pathology, gross and microscopic features, clinical presentation, complications, and differential diagnosis of placental mesenchymal dysplasia. Data Sources.—The PubMed and the Medline databases were systematically searched for articles between 1970 and 2006. The following keywords were used: placental mesenchymal dysplasia, mesenchymal hyperplasia, molar pregnancy, pseudomolar pregnancy, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, and placentomegaly. Relevant references from review articles were also searched. Conclusions.—Placental mesenchymal dysplasia should be considered in the differential diagnosis when the ultrasonographic findings show a cystic placenta. Close attention should be paid to fetal morphology for early recognition of fetal complications and to prevent unnecessary termination of pregnancy in cases associated with a normal fetus.

Melanocytic Lesions of the Conjunctiva

2010 ◽  
Vol 134 (12) ◽  
pp. 1785-1792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Zembowicz ◽  
Rajni V. Mandal ◽  
Pitipol Choopong
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Melanocytic Lesions ◽  
Pathologic Features

Abstract Context—Melanocytic proliferations are among the most common neoplasms of the conjunctiva. They often represent challenging lesions for pathologists unfamiliar with unique histologic features of melanocytic proliferations in this location and with nomenclature used by ophthalmologists. Objective—To comprehensively review clinical aspects, pathologic features, and management of melanocytic proliferations of the conjunctiva. Data Sources—Review of the literature and personal experience of the authors. Conclusions—Classification, state of the art, and practical aspects of pathology of melanocytic proliferations of the conjunctiva are discussed.

scholarly journals Endoscopic Biopsy in Differential Diagnosis of Colorectal Serrated Lesions

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
K. D. Khalin ◽  
M. Yu. Agapov ◽  
L. V. Zvereva ◽  
K. V. Stegniy
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Endoscopic Resection ◽  
Tumour Size ◽  
Endoscopic Biopsy ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Serrated Lesions ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Serrated Adenomas

Background. Preoperative biopsy is recommended for morphological verification of colorectal epithelial neoplasms prior to their endoscopic resection. However, histological reports for endoscopic biopsy and resected lesions are not reliably consistent.Aim. Assessment of sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of endoscopic biopsy in differential diagnosis of colorectal serrated adenomas and risk factors for variance between biopsy results and morphological examination of completely resected lesions.Materials and methods. The assay used data on 56 morphologically verified serrated adenomas diagnosed and resected in 50 patients (14 men, 36 women; average age 66.9 ± 10.5 years). Biopsy was taken from all tumours before endoscopic resection. Results of morphological examination of biopsy samples and resected tumours were analysed and compared. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of biopsy was assessed, with the tumour size and type and biopsy forceps system taken as criteria.Results. The identified cases included 22 (39.3%) right-colon, 21 (37.5%) left-colon and 13 (23.2%) rectal lesions of 28.5 ± 2.6 mm average size. Polypoid were 17 (30.3%), non-polypoid — 6 (10.7%) and spreading — 33 (59%) of the tumours. Full consistency of morphological examination was observed for 12 cases (21.4%). In 9 cases (16%), dysplasia was established as mild-graded with biopsy, whilst the eradicated tumours contained severe dysplastic foci. Foci of adenocarcinoma were detected in 10 tumours (including 2 with submucosal invasion), but only 2 cases were correctly diagnosed for malignant adenoma with biopsy. Tumour morphology was misidentified in 32 cases (57.1%).Conclusions. Preoperative forceps biopsy is shown to possess low sensitivity in differential diagnosis of serrated colorectal lesions and very low sensitivity to predict malignant serrated adenomas.

scholarly journals Necrotizing leukocytoclastic vasculitis mimicking necrotizing fasciitis: a case report

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Mehmet Salih Soylemez ◽  
Korhan Ozkan ◽  
Bulent Kılıc ◽  
Samet Erinc ◽  
Irfan Esenkaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Necrotizing Fasciitis ◽  
Immunofluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis ◽  
Maculopapular Rash ◽  
Skin Manifestation ◽  
Biopsy Specimens ◽  
Common Skin

<p>There are several subtypes of necrotizing leukocytoclastic vasculitis, which are classified according to their morphological features in biopsy specimens using immunofluorescence microscopy. Necrotizing leukocytoclastic vasculitis is limited to the skin, predominantly that of the lower extremities, and usually spares the palms and soles. The most common skin manifestation is palpable purpura. Other skin manifestations include maculopapular rash, bullae, papules, nodules, ulcers and livedo reticularis. There is no specific laboratory test to determine the diagnosis. There are various diseases presenting with these nonspecific symptoms, and a rapid differential diagnosis must be conducted, because the appropriate differentiation and diagnosis markedly influence the treatment strategy and survival of patients. In this study, we report a case of necrotizing leukocytoclastic vasculitis<strong> </strong>presenting with internal organ involvement and symptoms of necrotizing fasciitis, with emphasis on the clinical differentiation.</p>

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