scholarly journals Book Review: Stress in the Modern World: Understanding Science and Society

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Mina Chercourt
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Health It ◽  
Science And Society ◽  
Impact Stress ◽  
Stress Experience ◽  
Physical And Psychological Health ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Understanding Science

Stress in the Modern World: Understanding Science and Society is a two-volume reference set that looks at a wide array of aspects of stress. It looks at the impact stress has on both physical and psychological health. It offers both theoretical and practical perspectives. It “presents a variety of theories, external and internal triggers of the stress experience, and both effective and ineffective coping mechanisms” (xvi).

Effects of Aging on Musical Performance in Professional Orchestral Musicians

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dianna T Kenny ◽  
Tim Driscoll ◽  
Bronwen J Ackermann
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Musical Instrument ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Physical And Psychological Health ◽  
Orchestral Musicians ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND: The physical and psychological demands of playing a musical instrument are likely to be affected by age-related decline in function, including physical, cognitive, psychological, and organ-related changes. However, the complex neurophysiological demands of playing a musical instrument may delay many normal aging-related changes. AIM: This study compared professional classical musicians of different ages, using a range of physical and psychological measures, to discover how increasing age might affect work performance and to identify possible risk and protective factors for physical and psychological health as the musicians age. SUBJECTS: 377 professional orchestral musicians from eight Australian orchestras (70% response rate), ages 18 to 68 yrs (mean 42.1). Multiple standardized physical and psychological tools were used to evaluate the impact of age on a range of physical and mental health variables. RESULTS: Age was not statistically associated with frequency or severity of performance-related musculoskeletal disorders, ratings of perceived exertion, QuickDASH scores, use of beta-blockers, workplace satisfaction, and most psychological tests. Differences were observed on SPIN (social anxiety) scores, with lowest scores in the oldest age group (10.66 in 55+ yrs vs 17.83 in 18-30 yrs, p=0.016). Older musicians had higher BMIs and fewer practice sessions per day than younger musicians and also were more likely to consume alcohol on 5+ days/wk (44% vs 9%, p=0.003). CONCLUSION: Advancing age does not appear to exert undue negative impacts on physical and psychological health or performance capacity of professional orchestral musicians. However, dwindling numbers in the older age groups may suggest a "survivor" effect, whereby those who develop significant age-related decrements may cease professional performance at earlier ages. Longitudinal studies on the professional trajectories of professional orchestral musicians are needed to explore this question further.

scholarly journals Anger Suppression and Rumination Sequentially Mediates the Effect of Emotional Labor in Korean Nurses

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 799
Author(s):  
Ji Kim ◽  
Jeong Park ◽  
Soo Park
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Labor ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Anger Suppression ◽  
Anger Rumination ◽  
Health Indices ◽  
Physical And Psychological Health ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The degree of emotional labor in nurses has been associated with negative physical and psychological health indices. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between emotional labor and depressive and anxiety symptoms in nurses. Specifically, the study addressed the question of whether anger suppression and anger rumination sequentially mediated the relationship. A total of 99 nurses was recruited from a university hospital in Korea. The questionnaires included instruments assessing emotional labor, anger suppression, anger rumination, as well as depressive and anxiety symptoms. Consistent with our hypothesis, there was a significant indirect effect of anger suppression and anger rumination on the relationship between emotional labor and depressive symptoms, as well as on the relationship between emotional labor and anxiety symptoms. The nurses’ degree of emotional labor, anger suppression, and anger rumination was associated with psychological adjustment. Thus, the impact of nurses’ negative affect needs to be adequately addressed, as inadequate resolution of anger may increase their vulnerability to experience depressive and anxiety symptoms. These findings may contribute to developing a strategy for enhancing nurses’ psychological health.

scholarly journals Exercise-Induced Biological and Psychological Changes in Overweight and Obese Individuals: A Review of Recent Evidence

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petros C. Dinas ◽  
Aleksandra S. Markati ◽  
Andres E. Carrillo
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
World Health ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Health Indices ◽  
Physical And Psychological Health ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

On a global scale, the most recent evidence indicates that over 400 million adults are obese while ~20 million children and 1.6 billion adults are overweight. The World Health Organization reveals that, by the year 2015, ~2.3 billion adults will be overweight and more than 700 million will be obese. In this review paper we summarized the current evidence to elucidate the impact of exercise training on biological and psychological health indices in overweight and obese individuals. Endocrine function indices that are discussed herein include leptin, adiponectin, growth hormone, and ghrelin levels. Psychological factors include anxiety and depression, body image, and motivation for exercise. Overall, exercise promotes physical and psychological health in overweight and obese individuals particularly because exercise-induced adaptations occur across a multitude of systems within the active human. The impact of exercise on specific biological and psychological health indices contributes to overall health in overweight and obese individuals.

scholarly journals Impact of Increased Screen Time on Physical and Psychological Health of Indian Students During COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1493-1500
Author(s):  
Shailly Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Physical And Psychological Health ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Indian Students

Now in the 21st century, both physical and psychological health are associated with technology. By the late March 2020, the Indian government announced multiple lockdowns to fight with COVID-19 pandemic which included the shutdown of all educational institutes due to which all schools, college, and universities had shifted all their classes online by using video conferencing apps which also accounted for a large proportion of tasks that resulted in increased screen time after lockdown compared to pre-lockdown during COVID-19. So, the present study was conducted to determine the impact of increased usage of the screen on Psychological and physical health during the COVID-19 among Indian Students. A cross sectional survey was conducted on Indian students by using self- made Questionnaire with snowball sampling method. A total of 210 responses were received online from various schools and colleges students between 15th August to 30th August 2020. The results showed a statistically significant difference between the screen time spent before and during COVID (t= 19.96; p<0.01). Similarly, a statistically significant positive correlation at 0.01 level was found between screen usage time during COVID-19 pandemic with backache (0.62), neck pain (0.71), headache (0.50), and weight gain (0.52) and with mental health (0.40). Hence the study concluded positive association between screen time with physical and psychological health during COVID-19 among Indian students. It further implies that adequate preventive health measures need to be incorporated among students. There is a scope of further study to identify the impact of over usage of screen on health of individuals of specific population i.e., either adolescents or adults’ group and also on the larger sample size to get more reliable and accurate results.

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 on Cognitive Development and Executive Functioning in Adolescents: A First Exploratory Investigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1222
Author(s):  
Alessandro Frolli ◽  
Maria Carla Ricci ◽  
Francesca Di Carmine ◽  
Agnese Lombardi ◽  
Antonia Bosco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Fundamental Aspect ◽  
Physical And Psychological Health ◽  
Recovery Pathways ◽  
The Impact

Background: The rapid expansion and severity of the COVID-19 contagion has had negative physical and psychological health implications for millions of people around the world, but even more so among children and adolescents. Given the severity of the situation and the small number of studies on the direct influence of viral infection on the cognitive development within adolescents, the present study aims at understanding the consequences of contracting the virus and being hospitalized in relation to cognitive functioning, in particular, for executive functioning, among adolescents. Methods: To all subjects included in the sample, divided into four groups based on the severity of the COVID-19 infection, were administered the WISC-IV in order to evaluate the global cognitive functioning, and subsequently, the subtests Courses and Tower of London (ToL), both part of the BVN 12–18, were administered for the evaluation of executive operation. Results: Our analyses showed that between subjects who did not contract the viral infection and those who contracted it in an asymptomatic form, there are no significant differences in cognitive functioning, but only in executive functioning. Furthermore, in both hospitalized and non-hospitalized subjects, we found lower scores especially for WM skills, while IQ scores are in a medium range. Conclusion: the present study shows that contracting the viral infection and, thus, being hospitalized, caused greater problems and difficulties as compared to those who were not hospitalized, impacting global cognitive (and executive) functioning, especially the WM. We believe that these results could allow an early detection of alterations in cognitive and executive functioning, a fundamental aspect of the interventions that occur in evolutionary phases such as those related to pre-adolescence, allowing, therefore, the activation of functional recovery pathways in a short time.

Parity Negatively Impacts the Uniaxial Mechanical Properties of the Vagina in the Ewe

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrina Knight ◽  
Pamela Moalli ◽  
Stacy Palcsey ◽  
William Barone ◽  
Steven D. Abramowitch
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Strain Energy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
Pelvic Organ ◽  
Exact Etiology ◽  
Physical And Psychological Health ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Female Sheep

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a common disorder with a profoundly negative impact on the physical and psychological health of women worldwide; however, the exact etiology is currently unknown. Parity, defined as the number of births, is commonly identified as one of the leading risk factors for the development of POP. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of parity on the uniaxial mechanical properties of the sheep vagina along the longitudinal direction. The findings of this study revealed that parity negatively impacts the tangent modulus (54% decrease), tensile strength (54% decrease), and strain-energy density (47% decrease) of the vagina in the ewe (female sheep). Based on similar findings in primate, these data suggest that the ewe may serve as a cheaper alternative for studying the pathogenesis of POP moving forward.

scholarly journals Impact of workplace environment on health of leather factory workers

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 2674
Author(s):  
Arunkumar Yogaraj G. ◽  
Rama Ravi
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
T Test ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Workplace Health ◽  
Workplace Environment ◽  
Physical And Psychological Health ◽  
Degree Of Association ◽  
The Impact

Background: The working environment and basic facilities available in the workplace have impact on physical and psychological health of leather workers. The objective was to study the effect of workplace environment on health of leather workers.Methods: A cross section study was carried out in eight permitted leather factories at rural area in Sripuram near Chromepet, Chennai. Using a pretested scheduled questionnaire, 230 workers were interviewed, their corresponding socio-demographic profile was collected and various health scores were recorded based on the general and physical examination. Scoring technique and student ‘t’ test was used to identify the correlation and degree of association between workplace environmental factors and health status of workers. Results: The scoring technique and correlation coefficient revealed an association between workplace health status and clinical symptoms (p<0.001), duration of work and clinical symptom scores (p=0.001), duration of work and workplace health (p<0.001), Workplace health status and occupation (t-test value 5.562, p<0.001), and facilities available and occupation (t value 3.758, p<0.001). Conclusions: The above results show the impact of workplace environment on the health status of workers and require adequate measure to improve the facilities and thereby the health status of workers. 

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