Mazzini’s Internationalism in Context: From the Cosmopolitan Patriotism of the Italian Carbonari to Mazzini’s Europe of the Nations

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Isabella
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
International System ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Napoleonic Wars ◽  
Universal Expansion ◽  
International Legal System ◽  
Universal Civilization ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Supranational Institutions

This chapter discusses the relationship between Mazzini's vision of international relations and that of the Carbonari, who represented the previous generation of Italian patriots. It argues that, in spite of Mazzini's contempt for the Carboneria's cosmopolitanism, his ideas were heavily indebted to their views. While rejecting 18th-century notions of cosmopolitanism, the Carbonari believed that the independence of nations represented a step towards the universal expansion of freedom. They advanced a universal idea of civilization, which they identified with constitutionalism and free circulation of ideas and goods. Finally, they advocated the establishment of a new international order, based on the recovery of the balance of power destroyed by the Napoleonic wars, and the introduction of a new international legal system and supranational institutions. Like the Carbonari, Mazzini supported the idea of an international system alternative to the Vienna settlement, their notion of universal civilization, and the right of intervention to defend another country's freedom. However, his internationalism ignored the Carbonari's Kantian concern for international law as it was based on the belief that the establishment of republics would ‘naturally’ result in a peaceful European order.

scholarly journals Measuring environmental injustice: how ecological debt defines a radical change in the international legal system

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordi Jaria i Manzano ◽  
Antonio Cardesa-Salzmann ◽  
Antoni Pigrau ◽  
Susana Borràs
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Justice ◽  
International Law ◽  
Legal System ◽  
International System ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Environmental Injustice ◽  
International Legal System

This paper takes ecological debt as a measure of environmental injustice, and appraises this idea as a driving force for change in the international legal system. Environmental justice is understood here as a fair distribution of charges and benefits derived from using natural resources, in order to provide minimal welfare standards to all human beings, including future generations. Ecological debt measures this injustice, as an unfair and illegitimate distribution of benefits and burdens within the social metabolism, including ecologically unequal exchange, as a disproportionate appropriation and impairment of common goods, such as the atmosphere. Structural features of the international system promote a lack of transparency, control and accountability of power, through a pro-growth and pro-freedom language. In theory, this discourse comes with the promise of compensation for ordinary people, but in fact it benefits only a few. Ecological debt, as a symptom of the pervasive injustice of the current balance of power, demands an equivalent response, unravelling and deconstructing real power behind the imagery of equally sovereign states. It claims a counterhegemonic agenda aiming at rebuilding international law from a pluralist, 'third world' or Southern perspective and improving the balance of power. Ecological debt should not only serve as a means of compensation, but as a conceptual definition of an unfair system of human relations, which needs change. It may also help to define the burdens to be assumed as costs for the change required in international relations, i.e. by promoting the constitutionalization of international law and providing appropriate protection to human beings under the paradigms of sustainability (not sustainable development) and equity.Key Words: environmental justice, ecological debt, international legal system

Status of Treaties in Domestic Legal Systems: A Policy Analysis

1992 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 310-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
International System ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
International Treaty ◽  
International Legal System ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Domestic Law

The degree to which an international treaty is “directly applied” or “self-executing” in a national (municipal) legal system, i.e., to what extent the treaty norms are treated directly as norms of domestic law (“statutelike law”) without a further “act of transformation,” has been debated in an extensive literature for more than a century. This subject is now receiving increased recognition as part of a broader trend acknowledging that understanding an international legal system necessitates understanding the relationship of national legal and political systems to that international system. In connection with treaties, the basic concepts of “monism” and “dualism” have long been used to explain some of the relationships of treaty law to domestic law.

scholarly journals THE TRANSNATIONAL INSTITUTIONAL DIALOGUE IN BELO MONTE CASE

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Cláudio Martins De Araújo
Keyword(s):  
John Rawls ◽  
International System ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Global Environmental Problems ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The Right ◽  
International Instruments ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Belo Monte

This article aims to discuss the relationship between the Supreme Court of Brazil and the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, especially in Belo Monte Dam Case, bearing in mind that whendisagreements occur States must cooperate to avoid transboundary or global environmental problems. The classic concepts of nation-state sovereignty resulted from the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 and the permanent Sovereignty over Natural Resources based on territorial integrity and the right to self-determination and non-intervention of theStates is guaranteed by the main international instruments. Similarly, the International Environmental Law, structured on the unquestionableright of an ecological balance, is a standard to be followed by the international community to guarantee that environmental damages do not cause harm to areas beyond the limits of the State. Thus theStates have the sovereign right over it owns resources, but have also the responsibility to ensure the environment protection. Therefore, this essay intends to demonstrate, particularly under the influence of Jeremy Waldron, Rosalind Dixon, John Rawls and Jürgen Habermas conceptions, that in the Belo Monte Dam Case, the dialogue betweenDomestic and International institutions according to the international cooperation is mandatory to guarantee coherence and unity to the new millennium international system.

Metternich's Theory of European Order: A Political Agenda for “Perpetual Peace”

1998 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Sofka
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
International System ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
State System ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
European Politics ◽  
Napoleonic Wars ◽  
Perpetual Peace

This article examines the foreign policy of Prince Clemens Metternich of Austria, the chief architect of the Vienna Treaty of 1815, in the light of Enlightenment political thought. Metternich is commonly considered a reactionary and practitioner of callous balance-of-power diplomacy, and this article seeks to refute this conclusion. By examining Metternich's deeply held theoretical beliefs on the nature of the European state system, and above all his Kantian belief in progress and federalism, this essay concludes that Metternich pursued a reformist, and indeed idealistic, program in international politics which cannot be divorced from late Enlightenment philosophy. His Conference System, which was designed to regulate European politics in the aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars, represented a novel experiment in European union which remains a pressing concern in the contemporary international system.

The Kievan Metropolia, Prince Jeronime Radzivill, and the nominatin of David Nischinsky as the Archimandrite of Slutzk in 1755

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
К.А. Кочегаров
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Christian ◽  
Estate Property ◽  
History Of ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
The Right ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Grand Duchy

В статье анализируется эпизод из истории взаимоотношений Киевской духовной консистории и Слуцкой архимандрии – одного из важнейших православных центров Великого княжества Литовского. К середине XVIII века консистория практически полностью взяла в свои руки вопрос назначения слуцкого архимадрита. Это вызвало недовольства патрона православной церкви в Слуцком княжестве – Иеронима Флориана Радзивилла, который сумел получить обширные владения пресекшейся биржанской ветви рода. Поддержку католическому патрону оказало слуцкое Преображенское православное братство, также недовольное утратой рычагов влияния на процедуру назначения архимандрита. После смерти архимандрита Михаила Козачинского, братчики получили разрешение Радзивилла на составление описей движимого и недвижимого имущества Слуцкой архимандрии, а также право на отправление посольства в Киев для сопровождения нового кандидата на архимандричью должность. Объединение православных братчиков и католического патрона в борьбе против власти киевской консистории в отношении Слуцкой архимандрии стало одним из признаков недовольства православных сообществ ВКЛ процессом бюрократизации и централизации управления заграничными приходами Русской православной церкви на территории Белоруссии. The article analyzes an episode in the history of the relationship between the Kiev Spiritual Consistory and the Slutzk Archimandrite District – one of the leading Orthodox Christian centers in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In the middle of the 18th century the Kiev Consistory effectively controlled the nomination of the Archimandrites of Slutzk. This clearly dissatisfied the patron of the Orthodox Church in the Principality of Slutzk— Jeronime Florian Radzivill, who managed to receive vast lands of the extinct Birzhansk family line. The Catholic patron was supported by the Slutzk Transfiguration Brotherhood, which was also dissatisfied with the loss of their ability to influence the nomination of the local Archimandrite. After the death of Mikhail Kozachinsky, members of the Brotherhood received Radzivill’s permission to create a registry of all moveable and real estate property of the Slutzk Archimandrite District, as well as the right to send an embassy to Kiev, to escort the new candidate for the post of Archimandrite. The union of an Orthodox brotherhood and their Catholic patron in the struggle against the authority of the Kiev Consistory (with regards to the Slutzk Archimandrite District) was amongst the pivotal signs of the dissatisfaction felt by the Orthodox in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania towards the bureaucratization of the administration of the Russian Orthodox Church’s parishes in Belarus.

Tanggung Jawab Hukum Penilai Publik terhadap Laporan Penilaian Kegiatan Pengadaan Tanah bagi Pembangunan untuk Kepentingan Umum (Studi Atas Kantor Jasa Penilai Publik Toto Suharto)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gagah Yaumiyya Riyoprakoso ◽  
AM Hasan Ali ◽  
Fitriyani Zein
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Legal Responsibility ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Government ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Systematic Explanation

This study is based on the legal responsibility of the assessment of public appraisal reports they make in land procurement activities for development in the public interest. Public assessment is obliged to always be accountable for their assessment. The type of research found in this thesis is a type of normative legal research with the right-hand of the statue approach and case approach. Normative legal research is a study that provides systematic explanation of rules governing a certain legal category, analyzing the relationship between regulations explaining areas of difficulty and possibly predicting future development. . After conducting research, researchers found that one of the causes that made the dispute was a lack of communication conducted between the Government and the landlord. In deliberation which should be the place where the parties find the meeting point between the parties on the magnitude of the damages that will be given, in the field is often used only for the delivery of the assessment of the compensation that has been done.

After Victory

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. John Ikenberry
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Politics ◽  
World Order ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
The United States ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Napoleonic Wars ◽  
Power Politics ◽  
The Cold War

The end of the Cold War was a “big bang” reminiscent of earlier moments after major wars, such as the end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815 and the end of the world wars in 1919 and 1945. But what do states that win wars do with their newfound power, and how do they use it to build order? This book examines postwar settlements in modern history, arguing that powerful countries do seek to build stable and cooperative relations, but the type of order that emerges hinges on their ability to make commitments and restrain power. The book explains that only with the spread of democracy in the twentieth century and the innovative use of international institutions—both linked to the emergence of the United States as a world power—has order been created that goes beyond balance of power politics to exhibit “constitutional” characteristics. Blending comparative politics with international relations, and history with theory, the book will be of interest to anyone concerned with the organization of world order, the role of institutions in world politics, and the lessons of past postwar settlements for today.

Rancangan Sistem Pengukuran Kinerja Berbasis Human Resource Scorecard Pada Universitas Muhammadiyah Luwuk

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
Nurhaeda Abbas ◽  
Anggraini Sukmawati ◽  
Muhammad Syamsun
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measurement ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Performance Measurement System ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Strategic Objectives ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Right ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
The Relationship

Today the performance measurement of Muhammadiyah Luwuk uUniversity’s performance has not formulated yet based on University’s vision and mission. It will affect the strategic steps needed and performance improvement efforts in the future.  Human resource scorecard is the right system to be applied in Muhammadiyah Luwuk University. The purpose of this study is to designed a performance measurement system at Muhammadiyah Luwuk University using the Human Resource Scorecard with four perspectives: stakeholder, academic management and kemuhammadiyaan, operational and innovation, as well as and learning. Data was analyzed by analytical hierarchy process method. This research was conducted by distributing questionnaires, focus group discussions and in-depth interview with stakeholders at Muhammadiyah Luwuk University. The results showed that there were 14 strategic objectives and 33 key performance indicators to be achieved by the priority objectives, which are: empowerment and development of faculty, increased administrative process quality, improved sound budget performance and, improvement of the relationship with stakeholders.

Penanganan Issu Terkait Keselamatan Pasien di Rumah Sakit

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Natal Riang Gea
Keyword(s):  
Patient Safety ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Patient Identification ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

AbstrakKeselamatan pasien merupakan dasar dari pelayanan kesehatan yang baik. Pengetahuan tenaga kesehatan dalam sasaran keselamatan pasien terdiri dari ketepatan identifikasi pasien, peningkatan komunikasi yang efektif, peningkatan keamanan obat yang perlu diwaspadai, kepastian tepat lokasi, prosedur, dan tepat pasien operasi, pengurangan risiko infeksi, pengurangan risiko pasien jatuh. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan penerapan keselamatan pasien pada petugas kesehatan di Puskesmas Kedaung Wetan Kota Tangerang. Metode Penelitian menggunakan deskriptif korelasi menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi sebanyak 50 responden. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan total sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa lembar kuesioner. Teknik analisa diatas menggunakan analisa Univariat dan Bivariat. Hasil Penelitian ada Hubungan Pengetahuan dengan Penerapan Keselamatan Pasien pada Petugas Kesehatan, dengan hasil, p value sebesar 0,013 < 0,05 maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada Hubungan Pengetahuan dengan Penerapa Keselamatan Pasien pada Petugas Kesehatan. Kesimpulan penelitian ada Hubungan Pengetahuan dengan Penerapan Keselamatan Pasien.. AbstrackPatient safety is the basis of good health services. Knowledge of health personnel in patient safety targets consists of accurate patient identification, increased effective communication, increased safety of the drug that needs to be watched, certainty in the right location, procedure, and precise patient surgery, reduction in risk of infection, reduction in risk of falling patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between knowledge and the application of patient safety to health workers in the Kedaung Wetan Health Center, Tangerang City. The research method uses descriptive correlation using cross sectional approach. The population is 50 respondents. The sampling technique uses total sampling. The instrument used was a questionnaire sheet. The analysis technique above uses Univariate and Bivariate analysis. The results of the study there is a Relationship of Knowledge with the Implementation of Patient Safety in Health Officers, with the result, p value of 0.013 <0.05, it can be concluded that there is a Relationship between Knowledge and Patient Safety Implementation in Health Officers. The conclusion of the study is the Relationship between Knowledge and the Implementation of Patient Safety.Keywords Knowledge, Patient safety, Health workers

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