Czech Scholars in Exile, 1948–1989

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonín Kostlán ◽  
Soňa Štrbáňová
Keyword(s):  
Forced Migration ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Soviet Power ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Totalitarian Regimes ◽  
Intellectual Elites ◽  
Suitable Case ◽  
Social Damage

The mobility of scholars is one of the significant social phenomena affecting scientific development. The mass exodus of intellectual elites from countries dominated by totalitarian regimes, however, represents a specific type of unwanted mobility or ‘forced migration’, which generally leads to devastating cultural and social damage over several generations. The historical experience of Czechoslovakia's waves of exile between 1918 and 1989 provides a suitable case for research into scientific exile in its varied forms. This chapter focuses on the escape of scholars from Czechoslovakia in the years between 1948 and 1989, when the country was part of the Soviet power bloc.

scholarly journals Existence theory: Outline for a theory of social behaviour

2021 ◽  
pp. 1468795X2199824
Author(s):  
Patrick Baert ◽  
Marcus Morgan ◽  
Rin Ushiyama
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Sociological Theory ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Existence Theory ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Cultural Expectations

This article introduces ‘existence theory’ as a new approach to sociological theory and research. Existence theory starts from the assumption that people organise their lives around a limited set of existential milestones. Cultural expectations are such that without the accomplishment of those milestones, individuals may experience their lives as incomplete. Examples of milestones can include the attainment of formal education, a lasting partnership and the creation of a family, but in general the milestones which are important to individuals and their precise articulation will depend on a variety of cultural and structural factors. The achievement of existential milestones often depends on that of other existential milestones, thereby producing what we call an ‘existential ladder’. The article also elaborates on the significance of ‘existential urgency’ in that, due to a variety of factors (some biological, some cultural and structural), there are time limits on when certain existential milestones ought to be achieved by. In contemporary society, we note that individuals seem to have more choice about which milestones are important to them and when they can be achieved, although we emphasise that this flexibility is unevenly distributed. This then provides a steppingstone towards an elaboration of the power dynamics and inequalities underlying both the experience and the achievement of existential milestones. Finally, this paper shows how existence theory helps to reflect on a variety of social phenomena of contemporary significance: populism in politics, forced migration, and the coronavirus pandemic.

Social Networks of Austrian Refugee-Migrants from the Anschluss in Australia – An Analysis of Meaning Structures

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-79
Author(s):  
Philipp Strobl
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Dyadic Relationships ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Biographical Research ◽  
Meaning Structure ◽  
Sociological Approaches ◽  
The Individual

Social networks are crucial factors for refugees and consequently have become an important area of research. They are complex social phenomena that should not be regarded simply as the mere sum of relationships but should rather be seen as the structure of interrelating ties. By combining sociological approaches with methods of biographical research, this study explores the meaning structure of networks built by three Austrian refugees who fled to Australia in 1938/1939. It describes empirically how their expectations influenced transactions, how networks emerged out of dyadic relationships, the role the individual refugees played in that process, and how interwar networks influenced the refugees in setting up networks in Australia. The article also questions how refugees used their networks to cope with their escape and their integration into a new homeland, and how their forced migration influenced identities and relationships in networks.

scholarly journals COOPERATORS AS PART OF THE FIRST MEMBERSHIP OF THE GENERAL SECRETARIAT OF UKRAINE: TO THE BIOGRAPHICAL PORTRAIT

2018 ◽  
pp. 84-87
Author(s):  
Olena Petasyuk
Keyword(s):  
Political Development ◽  
Soviet Power ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Ideological Background ◽  
General Secretariat

The topic of the study is the ideological background of the Ukrainian cooperation. Edges of activity of such progressive worldview carriers as the cooperators are revealed. Most of them became the victims of The Great Purge of Stalin. This article analyses the following questions: “the appreciation of the cooperation of XIX — XX centuries”; “why it became the source of providing the personnel for the National revolution”. Personalities of ministers-cooperators as part of the fi rst Ukrainian government are introduced. It is stated that Ukrainian cooperation was the center of the patriotic forces. The half of the fi rst membership of The General Secretariat of Ukraine was composed of cooperators such as Khrystophor Baranovskiy, Mykola Stasyuk, Borys Martos and Pavlo Khrystyuk. They were educated and authoritative people. They had a rich experience and active national views. The Soviet power didn’t need people with such characteristics. The lessons of the historical experience and study of traditions of the Ukrainian cooperation will help to add certain traits to the socio-economic and political development of Ukraine.

Completion or Beginning. G. Shpet’s Historical Philosophy as the Foundation of the Institute of Philosophy

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
Vladimir V. Sidorin ◽  
◽  
Anatoliy V. Chernyaev ◽  
Tatiana G. Shchedrina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Soviet Power ◽  
Intellectual Culture ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Modern Management ◽  
Scientific Philosophy ◽  
Intellectual Labor

One of the most interesting pages in the creative biography of G.G. Shpet is his leadership in the Institute of Scientific Philosophy (1921–1923) – the topic which is only indicated, but not yet sufficiently researched today. The article at­tempts to characterize the intellectual and organizational efforts of G.G. Shpet as director of the Institute of Scientific Philosophy and demonstrate the importance of his activities for preserving the tradition of Russian philosophical culture in the early years of Soviet power. The relevance of his historical experience lies in the fact that he skillfully combined managerial duties and scientific leader­ship. The analysis of this experience allows us today to ponder about the effec­tiveness of modern management strategies, which often separate management from the content of scientific activity in various intellectual and cultural institu­tions, guided by the productivity of the idea of “division of intellectual labor”. Meanwhile, leadership functions have significantly influence on the develop­ment of thematic priorities in science, as evidenced by the experience of Shpet’s directorship. His activities as director of the Institute of Scientific Philosophy are considered in the context of the socio-cultural situation of that time, as well as taking into account the intellectual and existential heritage of the philosopher: his reflections on the very essence of philosophical knowledge, on the historical fate of domestic intellectual culture; in particular, in the context of the draft of the summary of the report “What is philosophy” published below, which he read at a meeting of the institution headed by him on October 20, 1922.

The Casuistry of Dictatorship

1951 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-544
Author(s):  
P. E. Corbett
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Scientist ◽  
Soviet Power ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Single Generation ◽  
Agrarian Society ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Professional Student

For the political scientist in America there can scarcely be a more fascinating or more elusive study than the Soviet Union. The first enticement is the menacing importance of Soviet power. Then there is the miracle which in a single generation has changed a defeated and disintegrating agrarian society into one of the two greatest industrial and military States of our day. But these are claims to everybody's attention. The peculiar challenge to the professional student of social phenomena is another matter. For him Russia now is an enormous but dimly lighted laboratory in which doctrine is tested by experience, where the strain between ideology and reality is carried to a pitch never previously attempted, where techniques are developed by which a small elite secures a steady ninety-nine per cent of formal acquiescence from a population of two hundred millions, where political and economic strength is accumulated by processes in which what we consider normal human reactions are choked off by fear or concealed in the trite responses of an authorized litany.

scholarly journals The functions of government regulation in the field of ensuring information security

2020 ◽  
pp. 155-159
Author(s):  
Pavlo Yakovlev
Keyword(s):  
Information Security ◽  
Organizational Support ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Basic Program ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Secure Information ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Status

The article covers the functions of government regulation in the field of information security on the basis of generalizing the results of scientific development of functioning public administration system, as well as the analysis of the provisions of the Doctrine of Information Security of Ukraine. It is noted that regulation and administration as social phenomena, having a common scope, affect differently the objects of administration in order to achieve particular results, i.e. the realization of set goals and targets of administrative influence. The classification of functions of government regulation in the field of information security, depending on their content, is proposed. In particular, the article discloses the essence of the following functions: of organizational support, of legal support, of information support, of logistical and financial support, of state control, of rapid response to offences in the field of information security, of creating conditions for the formation of a secure information space in Ukraine, of ensuring openness and transparency of the state to the citizens, of forming a positive international image of Ukraine. In addition, it is proposed to classify the functions of government regulation in the field of information security by origin of respective threats into internal functions and external ones, and by rapidness of response to threats in the field of information security into permanent functions and operational ones. It is substantiated that at the present stage of state-building in Ukraine, government regulation in the field of ensuring information security is multifunctional activity, which is caused by a wide range of information security threats and the need for adequate state response to each of the threats to the information environment. The only basic program document defining the main functions of government regulation in the field of ensuring information security is the Doctrine of Information Security of Ukraine, approved by the Decree of the President of Ukraine. The application of the provisions of the said document allows to distinguish the proposed features. However, the status of their normative definition remains unsatisfactory and their regulation needs to be specified in view of the legislative provisions determining the status of the institutions that implement them.

scholarly journals REVELATORY POTENTIAL OF THE WORD IN THE LIGHT OF D.A. PRIGOV’S “STIKHOGRAMMY”

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-85
Author(s):  
N. Albanese ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Art ◽  
Classical Literature ◽  
Soviet Power ◽  
Word And Image ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Totalitarian Regimes ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

The role of the word in totalitarian regimes is crucial, as governments use it to control the masses and to create their own truth and reality. What lies behind this is complete void, which becomes the ground for the Conceptualist movement focusing on the relationship between subject and language. D.A. Prigov is one of the most prominent representatives of conceptualism. His Stikhogrammy, published for the first time in 1985, can be positioned at the junction of verbal and visual art and, combining word and image, they reveal the truth behind the discourse made by Soviet power, by classical literature and the mainstream. The purpose of this article is to show, on the basis of several selected stikhogrammy, the attitude of D.A. Prigov towards the loss of values and how this loss becomes the basis of the project to create a Gesamtkunstwerk.

scholarly journals Executive force of decisions of arbitration courts

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-48
Author(s):  
D. M. Sibilov
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
Procedural Code ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Right ◽  
Subjective Rights

Arbitration proceedings have been studied as one of the alternative forms of protection of subjective rights, freedoms and interests of individuals and legal entities, in terms of the implementation of arbitration decisions. Consideration of these issues is related to the analysis of the role of arbitration in public relations, the comparison of judicial functions inherent in courts as public authorities, and the limits of jurisdiction of arbitration courts. The division between judicial functions and the jurisdiction of arbitration courts is important. The legal nature of arbitration decisions differs from the legal nature of decisions of official judicial institutions. At the same time, under the conditions provided by law, they have executive force and can be enforced. Enforcement proceedings are considered as a system of procedural mechanisms for the execution of decisions of courts, other bodies and officials. Decisions of arbitration courts in accordance with the Law of Ukraine "On Arbitration Courts", the Law of Ukraine "On Enforcement Proceedings", the Civil Procedure Code of Ukraine and the Commercial Procedural Code of Ukraine may be enforced subject to review and admission by competent courts. At the same time, a number of issues of their implementation do not have sufficient scientific development. These questions are connected with fundamental understanding of essence of arbitration proceedings, its place in system of mechanisms of protection of the right, features of executive procedures. These issues need comprehensive research and systematization. The urgency of the topic is due to the fact that modern legislation is in dynamic development. Arbitration, as well as other out-of-court procedures for the protection of subjective rights, freedoms and interests, has become widespread in public relations. Legislation needs to be improved, it must respond in a timely, appropriate and harmonious way to the challenges that arise in society. The key to this is the creation of a relevant doctrinal approach in the analysis of social phenomena, mechanisms for protecting the rights, freedoms and interests of the subjects of civil and economic relations. The exercise of their powers by arbitrators presupposes a harmonious combination between the legislation on arbitration courts, procedural legislation and the legislation on enforcement proceedings.

RENAISSANCE OF THE EAST - THE SCIENTIFIC BASE OF THE WEST

ASJ. ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (52) ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
N. Soltanova
Keyword(s):  
Science And Technology ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
World Science ◽  
Scientific Contribution ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Scientific Heritage ◽  
Great Progress ◽  
Muslim Scholars

The future of human civilization is directly related to our ability to learn from the historical experience of both Islamic and Western civilizations. Muslim scholars not only revived the heritage, but supplemented it with their own observations and research in the fields of philosophy, astronomy, history, mathematics, chemistry and medicine. The contribution of Muslim scholars to science testifies to the great progress of scientific development in the Muslim world. Their unique and outstanding research work showed that philosophy, science and technology can exist in harmony as a whole, and that Islam eliminates the contradiction between true faith and practical science. The scientific heritage of the Medieval East laid the foundations for the progress of science and technology in Europe. It is necessary to recognize the role of Muslim scientists and their scientific contribution to world science.

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