scholarly journals Sistema web para estimativa de evapotranspiração potencial por diferentes métodos

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Taison Anderson Bortolin ◽  
Lucas Moraes dos Santos ◽  
Adriano Gomes da Silva ◽  
Vania Elisabete Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Web Application ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
Computational Tools ◽  
The Face ◽  
Weather Stations

One of the parameters of the hydrological cycle that has great influence in water management and agricultural production is evapotranspiration. Finding ways to restore this amount of lost water to the ground is essential, whether from rain or irrigation techniques. In general, indirect methods are used to determine evapotranspiration, especially Penman-Monteith. However, the method requires a large number of variables, requiring the use of other indirect methods, less demanding in relation to the required data. Due to a great number of methods to be compared it is interesting to make use of computational tools that allow to automate these calculations. In the face of the problem, the development of a web application that calculates the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) in an automated way, from the several mathematical methods found in the literature, was glimpsed. The system provides the user with daily ETo results (mm / month) for a given period of time, as well as the daily average (mm / month), for the month, and monthly (mm / month) for a given month during the period, using up-to-date data from INMET-operated weather stations. The application facilitates the calculation process minimizing the estimation time and contributing to the analysis of the results by the user.

Aspects of orthodontic protocol in cleft lip and palate patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
O. V. Dudnik ◽  
Ad. A. Mamedov ◽  
O. I. Admakin ◽  
A. A. Skakodub ◽  
Y. O. Volkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Comprehensive Approach ◽  
Maxillofacial Region ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
Indirect Bonding ◽  
The Face ◽  
Direct And Indirect Methods

Relevance. Cleft lip and palate is one of the severe malformations of the face and jaw, requiring a comprehensive approach to the rehabilitation of the patients, including doctors of various specialties, one of which is orthodontists. A feature of orthodontic treatment is difficulty of fixing bracket systems, as well as lowering the level of oral hygiene, caused by deformation and displacement of fragments of the maxillofacial region.Purpose. Improving the effectiveness of orthodontic treatment and hygiene of the oral caviti in patients with cleft lip and palate in permanent bite period.Materials and methods. A comparison was made of the effetctiveness of fixing brackets systmes with direct and indirect bonding techniques and the effectiveness of oral hygiene during orthodontic treatment using irrigators.Results. The results of the study showed a difference in the effectiveness of using direct and indirect methods of fixing bracket systems in patients with cleft and palate. The use of irrigators as additional means of oral hygiene has demonstrated a positive dynamic of hygiene indices.Conclusions. Results of the study demonstrate the advantages of fixation the brackets by indirect bonding and use additional hygiene products irrigator for improving of oral hygiene.

scholarly journals Comparison of meteorological data, related to reference evapotranspiration, from conventional and automatic stations in the Sertão and Agreste regions of Pernambuco, Brazil

DYNA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 88 (216) ◽  
pp. 176-183
Author(s):  
Iug Lopes ◽  
Miguel Julio Machado Guimarães ◽  
Juliana Maria Medrado de Melo ◽  
Ceres Duarte Guedes Cabral de Almeida ◽  
Breno Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
Concordance Index ◽  
Good Relationship ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Daily Scale ◽  
Weather Stations ◽  
Meteorological Elements

The objective was to perform a comparative study of the meteorological elements data that most cause changes in the reference Evapotranspiration (ETo, mm) and its own value, of automatic weather stations AWS and conventional weather stations CWS of the Sertão and Agreste regions of Pernambuco State. The ETo was calculated on a daily scale using the standard method proposed by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Penman-Monteith (FAO-56). The ETo information obtained from AWS data can be used to update the weather database of stations, since there is a good relationship between the ETo data obtained from CWS and AWS, statistically determined by the Willmott's concordance index (d > 0.7). The observed variations in the weather elements: air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and global solar radiation have not caused significant changes in the ETo calculation.

scholarly journals Web Application for Emotion-based Music Player

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
Kamal Naina Soni
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Web Application ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Face ◽  
Current Mood ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Music Player

Abstract: Human expressions play an important role in the extraction of an individual's emotional state. It helps in determining the current state and mood of an individual, extracting and understanding the emotion that an individual has based on various features of the face such as eyes, cheeks, forehead, or even through the curve of the smile. A survey confirmed that people use Music as a form of expression. They often relate to a particular piece of music according to their emotions. Considering these aspects of how music impacts a part of the human brain and body, our project will deal with extracting the user’s facial expressions and features to determine the current mood of the user. Once the emotion is detected, a playlist of songs suitable to the mood of the user will be presented to the user. This can be a big help to alleviate the mood or simply calm the individual and can also get quicker song according to the mood, saving time from looking up different songs and parallel developing a software that can be used anywhere with the help of providing the functionality of playing music according to the emotion detected. Keywords: Music, Emotion recognition, Categorization, Recommendations, Computer vision, Camera

An Open-Sourced Web Application for Aerial Applicators to Avoid Spray Drift Caused by Temperature Inversion

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
Yanbo Huang ◽  
D. K. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Web Application ◽  
Mississippi Delta ◽  
Temperature Inversion ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
List Type ◽  
Spray Drift ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Weather Stations ◽  
Open Source Hardware

HighlightsA web application for guiding data calculated from distributed weather data through open-source cloud service.A design scheme of portable weather stations built from inexpensive open-source electronics.Integration of open-source hardware and software for online guiding data to avoid drift caused by temperature inversion.Abstract. It is important for agricultural chemical applicators to follow proper spray procedures to prevent susceptible crops, animals, people, or other living organisms from being injured far downwind. Spraying during stable atmospheric conditions should be avoided to prevent surface-temperature inversion-induced off-target drift of crop protection materials. Previous statistical analysis determined times of high likelihood of stable atmospheric conditions, which are unfavorable for spraying, during the day under clear and cloudy conditions in hot summer months in the Mississippi Delta. Results validated the thresholds of temperature increase in the morning and temperature drop in the afternoon with wind speeds and the transition between stable and unstable atmospheric conditions. With this information, an algorithm was developed to calculate if atmospheric conditions were favorable for spraying based on field temperature and wind speed at any instant. With this algorithm, a web application was built to provide real-time determination of atmospheric stability and hourly online recommendation of whether aerial applications were appropriate for a location and time in the Mississippi Delta. This study further developed another web application specifically for Stoneville, Mississippi, with data measured from weather stations constructed from inexpensive open-source electronics, accessories, and software for more accurate online guidance for site-specific drift management. The web application is adapted for accessing on mobile terminals, such as smartphones and tablets, and provides timely guidance for aerial applicators and producers to avoid spray drift and air quality issues long distances downwind in the area. Keywords: Open-source hardware, Open-source software, Spray drift, Temperature inversion, Web application.

scholarly journals Investigation into the Effects of Climate Change on Reference Evapotranspiration Using the HadCM3 and LARS-WG

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Bayatvarkeshi ◽  
Binqiao Zhang ◽  
Rojin Fasihi ◽  
Rana Muhammad Adnan ◽  
Ozgur Kisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Base Period ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Weather Information ◽  
Daily Weather Data ◽  
Weather Stations ◽  
A1b Scenario

This study evaluates the effect of climate change on reference evapotranspiration (ET0), which is one of the most important variables in water resources management and irrigation scheduling. For this purpose, daily weather data of 30 Iranian weather stations from 1981 and 2010 were used. The HadCM3 statistical model was applied to report the output subscale of LARS-WG and to predict the weather information by A1B, A2, and B1 scenarios in three periods: 2011–2045, 2046–2079, and 2080–2113. The ET0 values were estimated by the Ref-ET software. The results indicated that the ET0 will rise from 2011 to 2113 approximately in all stations under three scenarios. The ET0 changes percentages in the A1B scenario during three periods from 2011 to 2113 were found to be 0.98%, 5.18%, and 12.17% compared to base period, respectively, while for the B1 scenario, they were calculated as 0.67%, 4.07%, and 6.61% and for the A2 scenario, they were observed as 0.59%, 5.35%, and 9.38%, respectively. Thus, the highest increase of the ET0 will happen from 2080 to 2113 under the A1B scenario; however, the lowest will occur between 2046 and 2079 under the B1 scenario. Furthermore, the assessment of uncertainty in the ET0 calculated by the different scenarios showed that the ET0 predicted under the A2 scenario was more reliable than the others. The spatial distribution of the ET0 showed that the highest ET0 amount in all scenarios belonged to the southeast and the west of the studied area. The most noticeable point of the results was that the ET0 differs from one scenario to another and from a period to another.

scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of 24 reference evapotranspiration equations applied on an evergreen-broadleaved forest

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 1028-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athanassios Bourletsikas ◽  
Ioannis Argyrokastritis ◽  
Nikolaos Proutsos
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Efficiency Index ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Forest Environment ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Model Efficiency

Abstract Reference evapotranspiration (ET0) is a major component of the hydrological cycle. Its use is essential both for the hydrological rainfall–runoff assessment models and determination of water requirements in agricultural and forest ecosystems. This study investigates the performance of 24 different methods, which produce ET0 or potential evapotranspiration estimates above a grass-covered ground in a Mediterranean forest environment in Greece and compares the derived results with those of the presumed most accurate and scientifically acceptable Penman–Monteith method (ETP-M). Their performance was evaluated on a daily basis for a period of 17 years, using 17 different statistical parameters of goodness of fit. The results showed that some empirical methods could serve as suitable alternatives. More specifically, Copais (ETCOP), Hargreaves original (ETHAR), and Valiantzas2 (ETVA2) methods, exhibited very good values of the model efficiency index, EF (0.934, 0.932, and 0.917, respectively) and the index of agreement, d (0.984, 0.982, and 0.977, respectively). Additionally, the differences of the estimated mean daily value against the respective ETP-M value (rt index) for all methods had a range of −27.8% (Penman – ETPEN) to +59.5% (Romanenko – ETROM), while Copais (ETCOP), Hargreaves–Samani modified1 (ETHS1), and STU (ETSTU) yielded the best values (−0.06%, +0.06%, and 0.22%, respectively).

scholarly journals Illness, Death, and Macronutrients: Adequacy of Rural Mozambican Household Production of Macronutrients in the Face of HIV/AIDS

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (2_suppl2) ◽  
pp. S331-S338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Donovan ◽  
Jaquelino Massingue
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
The North ◽  
Income Sources ◽  
The Face ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Access To Food ◽  
Drug Interventions ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background As the public sector and civil society develop intervention programs to deal with the HIV/ AIDS epidemic, there has been an increasing emphasis on the relationship between nutrition and the disease. Drug interventions may be ineffective, and the progression from HIV infection to full-blown AIDS may be accelerated without adequate nutrition. Mozambique is still fighting an increasing prevalence rate of HIV, including in rural areas. Rural households in Mozambique rely heavily on their own agricultural production for the basic macronutrients. Objectives To evaluate the extent to which household agricultural production of basic staples meets overall household needs for major macronutrients, comparing households affected and not directly affected by HIV/ AIDS and other major illnesses over two time periods. Methods This research analyzes nationally representative panel data from rural household surveys conducted in 2002 and 2005 to evaluate whether households that have suffered the chronic illness or illness-related death of prime-age adult members (15 to 49 years of age) are more vulnerable to macronutrient gaps. Results Households in the South and in the North with a male illness or death in 2002 produced significantly less macronutrients from crops in 2005 than nonaffected households. These households also had significantly lower income per adult equivalent. Conclusions Mortality or illness from HIV/AIDS affects the ability of agricultural households dependent on own-food production to produce macronutrients. Interventions to improve access to food may be needed for affected households, particularly in light of their inability to recover over time. More analysis is needed to understand income sources, crop diversification, and access to macronutrients through the market.

scholarly journals Evapotranspiration and crop coefficients of Moringa oleifera under semi-arid conditions in Pernambuco

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 840-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Célia S. dos Santos ◽  
Abelardo A. de A. Montenegro ◽  
Márcio A. L. dos Santos ◽  
Elvira M. R. Pedrosa
Keyword(s):  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Crop Evapotranspiration ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
Crop Coefficients ◽  
Semi Arid

ABSTRACT Efficient water use in agriculture is fundamental, especially in semi-arid regions where water scarcity is intense. The aim of this study was to estimate water requirements and crop coefficients in the different phenological stages of Moringa oleifera. The experiment was carried out from February to April 2015 at the Experimental Unit for Reuse and Hydrological Management, located in Mutuca, PE (7º 15’ 18’’ S, 35º 52’’ 40’’ W, 550 m). A lysimeter was used to estimate crop evapotranspiration. Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) was estimated by indirect methods. In the lysimeter, soil salinity and leaf water potential of the crop were monitored. The direct and indirect methods presented an excellent performance compared with the standard grass-lysimeter, especially Hargreaves-Samani, which presented a remarkable result for the study area. Crop coefficients (Kc) ranged from 0.73 to 1.73 in the different phenological stages. Moringa crop evapotranspiration (ETc) exhibited temporal variations, with a cumulative rate of 139.8 mm, for a cumulative reference evapotranspiration of 130.97 mm. Moringa plants showed slight water restriction, at the times of lower solar radiation.

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