scholarly journals Black pepper: Chemical composition and biological activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-50
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Milenković ◽  
Ljiljana Stanojević
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Green Pepper ◽  
Tropical Plant ◽  
The World ◽  
End Products ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) is a tropical plant, best known for its fruit, used as a spice all around the world. The fruits of black pepper can be processed in various ways, so there are end products such as white, black, red, and green pepper. Black pepper contains many substances such as terpenes, alkaloids, lignans, phenylpropanoids, etc., which are responsible for some of the most important biological activities: antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, hepatoprotective, bio-enhancing and enzyme inhibitory activities. These activities have also been proven in clinical studies, and probably the future of black pepper research should be based on discovering the most effective way to use the active compounds of pepper for the development of herbal drugs with fewer contraindications than standard drugs. Further preclinical and clinical studies are needed to prepare and apply phytoformulations based on the black pepper isolates.

scholarly journals Volatiles of Black Pepper Fruits (Piper nigrum L.)

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (23) ◽  
pp. 4244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dosoky ◽  
Satyal ◽  
Barata ◽  
da Silva ◽  
Setzer
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Geographical Regions

Black pepper (Piper nigrum) is historically one of the most important spices and herbal medicines, and is now cultivated in tropical regions worldwide. The essential oil of black pepper fruits has shown a myriad of biological activities and is a commercially important commodity. In this work, five black pepper essential oils from eastern coastal region of Madagascar and six black pepper essential oils from the Amazon region of Brazil were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The major components of the essential oils were α-pinene, sabinene, β-pinene, δ-3-carene, limonene, and β-caryophyllene. A comparison of the Madagascar and Brazilian essential oils with black pepper essential oils from various geographical regions reported in the literature was carried out. A hierarchical cluster analysis using the data obtained in this study and those reported in the literature revealed four clearly defined clusters based on the relative concentrations of the major components.

scholarly journals Cannabidiol Adverse Effects and Toxicity

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 974-989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn A. Huestis ◽  
Renata Solimini ◽  
Simona Pichini ◽  
Roberta Pacifici ◽  
Jeremy Carlier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Developmental Toxicity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Fetal Mortality ◽  
Off Label ◽  
Epileptic Syndromes ◽  
The World ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Background: Currently, there is a great interest in the potential medical use of cannabidiol (CBD), a non-intoxicating cannabinoid. Productive pharmacological research on CBD occurred in the 1970s and intensified recently with many discoveries about the endocannabinoid system. Multiple preclinical and clinical studies led to FDA-approval of Epidiolex®, a purified CBD medicine formulated for oral administration for the treatment of infantile refractory epileptic syndromes, by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2018. The World Health Organization considers rescheduling cannabis and cannabinoids. CBD use around the world is expanding for diseases that lack scientific evidence of the drug’s efficacy. Preclinical and clinical studies also report adverse effects (AEs) and toxicity following CBD intake. Methods: Relevant studies reporting CBD’s AEs or toxicity were identified from PubMed, Cochrane Central, and EMBASE through January 2019. Studies defining CBD’s beneficial effects were included to provide balance in estimating risk/benefit. Results: CBD is not risk-free. In animals, CBD AEs included developmental toxicity, embryo-fetal mortality, central nervous system inhibition and neurotoxicity, hepatocellular injuries, spermatogenesis reduction, organ weight alterations, male reproductive system alterations, and hypotension, although at doses higher than recommended for human pharmacotherapies. Human CBD studies for epilepsy and psychiatric disorders reported CBD-induced drug-drug interactions, hepatic abnormalities, diarrhea, fatigue, vomiting, and somnolence. Conclusion: CBD has proven therapeutic efficacy for serious conditions such as Dravet and Lennox-Gastaut syndromes and is likely to be recommended off label by physicians for other conditions. However, AEs and potential drug-drug interactions must be taken into consideration by clinicians prior to recommending off-label CBD.

Current State and Prospective Trends of Black Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) Production

1986 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 186-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. F. de Waard
Keyword(s):  
Control Measure ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
World Production ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World ◽  
Important Constituent

Although pepper is not quantitatively a major crop – exportable world production totalling only some 132 000 tonnes annually, valued at US $162 million – it is a very important constituent of the normal diet in many parts of the world. This article reviews the factors affecting the growth of the crop and the problems of maintaining a balance between supply and demand. It argues that a major obstacle to stabilizing the industry is the lack of a satisfactory control measure for the devastating footrot disease.

scholarly journals Pharmacological Properties of Chalcones: A Review of Preclinical Including Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Evidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahare Salehi ◽  
Cristina Quispe ◽  
Imane Chamkhi ◽  
Nasreddine El Omari ◽  
Abdelaali Balahbib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Skin Conditions ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Chalcones are among the leading bioactive flavonoids with a therapeutic potential implicated to an array of bioactivities investigated by a series of preclinical and clinical studies. In this article, different scientific databases were searched to retrieve studies depicting the biological activities of chalcones and their derivatives. This review comprehensively describes preclinical studies on chalcones and their derivatives describing their immense significance as antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiparasitic, psychoactive, and neuroprotective agents. Besides, clinical trials revealed their use in the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency, skin conditions, and cancer. Bioavailability studies on chalcones and derivatives indicate possible hindrance and improvement in relation to its nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications. Multifaceted and complex underlying mechanisms of chalcone actions demonstrated their ability to modulate a number of cancer cell lines, to inhibit a number of pathological microorganisms and parasites, and to control a number of signaling molecules and cascades related to disease modification. Clinical studies on chalcones revealed general absence of adverse effects besides reducing the clinical signs and symptoms with decent bioavailability. Further studies are needed to elucidate their structure activity, toxicity concerns, cellular basis of mode of action, and interactions with other molecules.

scholarly journals Black pepper (Piper nigrum) fruit-based gold nanoparticles (BP-AuNPs): Synthesis, characterization, biological activities, and catalytic applications – A green approach

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-28
Author(s):  
Sami Bawazeer ◽  
Ibrahim Khan ◽  
Abdur Rauf ◽  
Abdullah S. M. Aljohani ◽  
Fahad A. Alhumaydhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Acid ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Green Approach ◽  
Gold Nps ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Abstract As compared to conventional techniques, currently nanotechnology has gained significant attention of scientists for the development of plant-based natural nanoparticles (NPs) due to their safety, effectiveness, and environment friendly nature. The current study was aimed for development, characterization (energy-dispersive X-ray, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy), and evaluation of the biological efficiency of black pepper (BP; Piper nigrum) fruit-based gold NPs (BP-AuNPs) through different in vitro and in vivo assays. BP extract revealed maximum antibacterial and antifungal potential against Escherichia coli (24 mm) and Aspergillus flavus (47 mm), respectively. However, BP-AuNPs (200 µg·mL−1) inhibited the urease, xanthine oxidase, and carbonic acid-II activities with a percent inhibition of 83.11%, 91.28%, and 86.87%, respectively. Further, the anti-inflammatory effect of BP extract at the dose of 100 mg·kg−1 was 72.66%, whereas for BP-AuNPs it was noticed to be 91.93% at the dose of 10 mg·kg−1. Similarly, the extract of BP and prepared AuNPs demonstrated significant (p < 0.01) sedative effect at all tested doses. The BP-AuNPs catalytically reduced methyl orange dye. Results suggest that BP-AuNPs possess significant biological activities, and further studies must be conducted to identify the probable mechanism of action associated with these activities.

scholarly journals Green Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) Extract Suppresses Oxidative Stress and LPS-Induced Inflammation via Regulation of JNK Signaling Pathways

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2519
Author(s):  
Dae Won Kim ◽  
Min Jeong Kim ◽  
Youngjae Shin ◽  
Sung Keun Jung ◽  
Young-Jun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Green Pepper ◽  
Inflammatory Stress ◽  
Nitrite Production

In this study, we compared the physicochemical properties and the antioxidant capacities of black and green pepper. Green pepper from India (GPI) and Sri Lanka (GPS) had higher Hunter L* and b* values and lower a* values than black pepper from India (BPI) and Sri Lanka (BPS). The contents of chlorophyll a and b, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds in GPI and GPS were higher than those in BPI and BPS. The peppercorns showed the following decreasing order of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical scavenging capacities: GPI > GPS > BPI > BPS. High-performance liquid chromatography showed that the highest piperine content was present in GPI (8613.27 ± 45.86 mg/100 g). We further investigated the anti-inflammatory capacity of the green pepper. GPS and GPI significantly suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitrite production and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression without being cytotoxic to RAW 264.7 cells. GPS and GPI also suppressed the LPS-induced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases, but not p65. GPS had a higher inhibitory effect on LPS-induced c-Jun phosphorylation and translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus than GPI. Thus, the findings of our study suggest that green pepper has the potential to be an effective nutraceutical against oxidative and inflammatory stress.

scholarly journals Optimization of Essential Oil Extraction Process of White Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) Harvested in Phu Quoc Island, Kien Giang Province, Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 2707-2712
Author(s):  
Thien Hien Tran ◽  
Thi Cam Quyen Ngo ◽  
Hoang Duy Ngo ◽  
Nguyen Huu Thuan Anh ◽  
Ton Nu Thuy An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Green Pepper ◽  
White Pepper

Vietnam is a leading producer and exporter of products harvested from plants of the family Piperaceae such as green pepper, black pepper, red pepper and white pepper. In this study, an attempt is made to examine the essential oil extraction process with the material of white pepper grown and harvested in Phu Quoc island, Vietnam. To maximize essential oil production, three factors consisting the ratio of materials and solvents, extraction time and extraction temperature were selected and optimized. The surface response methodology optimization resulted the highest yield of 3.6%, achieved at the ratio of material and water ratio of 1:20 g/g, extraction time of 96 min and at 130 ºC. A high F values, low P values (< 0.0001), the determination coefficient (R2 = 0.9993) and a non-significant lack of fit suggested a strong correlation between actual and predicted values of the responses. The essential oil obtained was determined for chemical composition by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. The GC-MS results showed that major constituents existing in the oil sample were limonene, 3-carene, sabinene, β-pinene, α-pinene and α-phellandrene, accounting for 27.059, 23.345, 17.903, 9.996, 5.167 and 4.588%, respectively.

scholarly journals Ansiolytic effect of essential oils: a review on pre-clinical and clinical studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e638997716
Author(s):  
Júlia Assunção de Castro Oliveira ◽  
Rafaela Karin de Lima ◽  
Priscila Totarelli Monteforte ◽  
Érica Alves Marques ◽  
Adriane Duarte Coelho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Anxiolytic Activity ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Natural Defense ◽  
Pharmacology And Toxicology ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Anxiety participates in the body's natural defense, however, it can be pathological, when symptoms start to interfere in the individual's routine, causing loss of quality of life. Essential oils (EOs) are secondary metabolites with numerous pharmacological and biological activities, where we can highlight anxiolytic activity. Thus, the objective was to carry out a systematic review of the last 9 years in the large area of ​​pharmacology and toxicology, and to verify which EOs have anxiolytic activity, which tests were performed and the possible mechanisms involved. A bibliographic review with a qualitative and quantitative nature was carried out, using the Scopus database, where original studies were published, published between January 2010 and August 10, 2019, of the pre-clinical and clinical trial type that present results referring to anxiolytic activity of EOs, excluding those studies that did not understand the area of ​​pharmacology and / or toxicology. At the end of this analysis, of the 71 papers found, 18 were selected to compose this review. This review made it possible to visualize the panorama of preclinical and clinical studies for assessing anxiety with the use of OEs in the last 9 years, pointing out that in addition to the EO of Lavandula angustifolia, other EOs can also be promising, such as the EOs obtained from species of the genus Citrus. However, there is a scarcity of clinical studies to prove the efficacy and safety of the use of these EOs in the treatment of anxiety, which allows the opening of research in this area for the development and launch of new natural anxiolytics.

scholarly journals Phytochemistry and therapeutic potential of black pepper [Piper nigrum (L.)] essential oil and piperine: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaliyaperumal Ashokkumar ◽  
Muthusamy Murugan ◽  
M. K. Dhanya ◽  
Arjun Pandian ◽  
Thomas D. Warkentin
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Intermittent Fever

Abstract Background Black pepper [Piper nigrum (L.), Family: Piperaceae] is used traditionally for the treatment of various diseases including; cough, cold, dyspnea throat diseases, intermittent fever, dysentery, stomachache, worms and piles. The pharmacological potential of black pepper is due to the presence of metabolites like phenolic compounds, alkaloids, flavonoids, carotenoids, terpenoids, etc. The multipurpose use of black pepper dried seeds has several other beneficial health effects that also received in the light of traditional as well as current medicine perspectives. The review aims to discuss the botany, phytochemical constituents, and pharmacological properties of piperine and black pepper essential oil (BPEO). Results Phytochemical analyses have described the main chemical constituents of black pepper, including carbohydrates, proteins, calcium, magnesium, potassium, iron, vitamin C, tannins, flavonoids and carotenoids. The volatile oil content ranges from 0.4 to 7 % in dried berries. The major constituents of BPEO are sabinene, 3-carene, D-limonene, α-pinene, caryophyllene, β-phellandrene, α-phellandrene, α-thujene, and β-bisabolene. Additionally, piperine is the naturally occurring and principal bioactive alkaloid constituent of black pepper owing to its potential therapeutic properties, including cerebral brain functioning and increased nutrient absorption. The BPEO has several biological roles, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-obesity, antidepressant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, gastroprotective, and insecticidal activities. Conclusions This review examines and presents the appropriate evidence on black pepper and its traditional uses as well as biological activities of BPEO and piperine. Although several previous reports showed diverse biological effects for piperine and bioactive constitutes of BPEO. Thus, minimal investigations were conducted using animal models, and many of these studies also lacked appropriate experimental setting like doses, control details. Hence, future studies are necessary to understand the mechanism of piperine, BPEO, bioactive constituents and their effects upon their use by animal models and humans with the proper experimental procedure which we can facilitate the protection of human health from several diseases.

Mesenchymal Stem Cell-based Therapy for COVID-19: Possibility and Potential

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Xiong ◽  
Lei Bao ◽  
Hongbo Qi ◽  
Zhichun Feng ◽  
Yuan Shi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Infected Patient ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Multiple Organ Dysfunction ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

: A novel coronavirus, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has emerged in Wuhan, China since the end of December 2019 and has quickly spread all over the world in a matter of two months. To date, no specific treatment has been proven to be effective for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). With the rapid increase of infected patients and deaths, it is urgent to explore an effective treatment for COVID-19. Current studies suggest that there exists cytokine storm in SARS-CoV-2-infected patient, some of the patients will develop to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multiple organ dysfunction, even death. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess the property of immunomodulation. Given the previous preclinical and clinical studies, MSCs therapy has been shown safety and efficacy in the treatment of respiratory failure or ARDS. Based on similar principles, MSCs therapy may also be an effective therapy in the treatment of COVID-19. In this study, we summarized the clinical outcomes of MSCs for ARDS patients in some preclinical and clinical studies, and discussed the application of MSCs for patients with COVID-19 in China and the related important issues with MSCs use during the outbreak.

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