Comparison of terms on morphological structure and word structure of words (On the basis of Uzbek and Kazakh school text books)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 339
Author(s):  
Kadirova Barno Ibragimovna
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Word Structure ◽  
School Text

Subsyllabic units in written word production

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rüdiger Weingarten
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Word Production ◽  
Motor Execution ◽  
Word Structure ◽  
Phonological Structure ◽  
Written Word ◽  
Whole Word

In previous studies we have found that the writing of words (typing) is made up of a highly structured time course. Words are written using a course of accelerations and decelerations at certain points within the words. These points correlate highly with the syllabic word structure and also with the morphological structure. At the beginning of these subword units we find significantly higher latencies than within units. We therefore assume that written word production starts with a frame of the whole word, certain subword frames (according to the syllabic and morphological structure) and subsequent filling of the frames with segmental information. So the segmental information is not completely available at the beginning of a word or syllable but is delivered during motor execution. In the present study we try to find out if there are also subsyllabic units that are produced in a frame and content mode. As a candidate for such a unit we choose polygraphemes (e.g. in engl.in “think”, in germanin “schon”). If they are produced in this way we expect an increased delay at their onset and an accelaration within the unit. The results suggest that because of their grapho-phonological structure some types of complex graphemes are produced in a frame and content mode.

scholarly journals THE DEVELOPMENT OF MORPHOLOGY IN HISTORICAL GRAMMATICAL WORKS

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-100
Author(s):  
S. Nurgali ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Word Structure ◽  
Language System ◽  
Grammatical Categories ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Morphological System

The morphological structure of any language is directly related to the study of word composition and word structure. And the definition of the morphological structure of a language is the definition of the properties, internal meanings, and main features of a language in comparison with other languages. It is also closely related to the study of the modern synchronic structure of the language and the morphonematic features of its historical development. Morphemes as building materials of our language.The roots and bases in it, the derived words and other language units, form a subsystem. The morphological system is a collection of many grammatical categories, persons who are in opposition to each other. This means that the study of morphology on earth is the study of the basis, the construction of a language system. The article will focus on the historical development of morphological personalities in the works of Professor Marhabbat Tomanov.

Construction Morphology

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geert Booij
Keyword(s):  
Word Processing ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Parallel Architecture ◽  
Word Structure ◽  
Intermediate Layers ◽  
Construction Morphology ◽  
Complex Words ◽  
Case Markers

Construction Morphology is a theory of word structure in which the complex words of a language are analyzed as constructions, that is, systematic pairings of form and meaning. These pairings are analyzed within a Tripartite Parallel Architecture conception of grammar. This presupposes a word-based approach to the analysis of morphological structure and a strong dependence on paradigmatic relations between words. The lexicon contains both words and the constructional schemas they are instantiations of. Words and schemas are organized in a hierarchical network, with intermediate layers of subschemas. These schemas have a motivating function with respect to existing complex words and specify how new complex words can be formed. The consequence of this view of morphology is that there is no sharp boundary between lexicon and grammar. In addition, the use of morphological patterns may also depend on specific syntactic constructions (construction-dependent morphology). This theory of lexical relatedness also provides insight into language change such as the use of obsolete case markers as markers of specific constructions, the change of words into affixes, and the debonding of word constituents into independent words. Studies of language acquisition and word processing confirm this view of the lexicon and the nature of lexical knowledge. Construction Morphology is also well equipped for dealing with inflection and the relationships between the cells of inflectional paradigms, because it can express how morphological schemas are related paradigmatically.

scholarly journals Word structure in early Quechua speech

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meg Cychosz
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Speaking Rate ◽  
Word Structure ◽  
Speech Patterns ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Articulatory Phonetics ◽  
Word Forms ◽  
The Status ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Children's Speech

Evidence from acoustic and articulatory phonetics suggests that linguistic structure is reflected in spoken language patterns. For child language, this interaction between word structure and speech production has the potential to shed considerable light on the status of children’s early word forms-but the topic remains underexplored in child speech. How is morphological structure reflected in children's speech? To answer this, the current study measured the speech patterns of bilingual Quechua-Spanish children (5-10 years) and adults. Coarticulation and duration were measured in two word environments, within morphemes and across morpheme boundaries. Both child and adult participants distinguished between the word environments, but they did so in different ways. Children differentiated between environments via distinct combinations of duration and coarticulation while adults consistently coarticulated more in shorter duration sequences. Additionally, the children’s speech patterns, but not the adults’, were sensitive to prosodic length: children produced increasingly shorter phones in words with more syllables. It is suggested that the differences between adults and children are attributable to adults' faster speaking rate and increased dominance in Quechua.

High-resolution topographic SEM and radiation damage: The rationale for using low beam voltage

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1278-1279
Author(s):  
James Pawley ◽  
David Joy
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Radiation Sensitivity ◽  
Beam Specimen ◽  
Measured Signal ◽  
Practical Consideration ◽  
Interaction Volume ◽  
Impact Area ◽  
Signal Contrast

The scanning electron microscope (SEM) builds up an image by sampling contiguous sub-volumes near the surface of the specimen. A fine electron beam selectively excites each sub-volume and then the intensity of some resulting signal is measured and then plotted as a corresponding intensity in an image. The spatial resolution of such an image is limited by at least three factors. Two of these determine the size of the interaction volume: the size of the electron probe and the extent to which detectable signal is excited from locations remote from the beam impact area. A third limitation emerges from the fact that the probing beam is composed of a number of discrete particles and therefore that the accuracy with which any detectable signal can be measured is limited by Poisson statistics applied to this number (or to the number of events actually detected if this is smaller). As in all imaging techniques, the limiting signal contrast required to recognize a morphological structure is constrained by this statistical consideration. The only way to overcome this limit is to increase either the contrast of the measured signal or the number of beam/specimen interactions detected. Unfortunately, these interactions deposit ionizing radiation that may damage the very structure under investigation. As a result, any practical consideration of the high resolution performance of the SEM must consider not only the size of the interaction volume but also the contrast available from the signal producing the image and the radiation sensitivity of the specimen.

Monitoring Progress for Children with Hearing Loss

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-81
Author(s):  
Monica Weston ◽  
Karen F. Muñoz ◽  
Kristina Blaiser
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Data Logging ◽  
Standardized Measures ◽  
Word Structure ◽  
Hearing Aid Use ◽  
Outcomes For Children ◽  
Language Measures ◽  
Children With Hearing Loss

Purpose This study investigated average hours of daily hearing aid use and speech-language outcomes for children age 3 to 6 years of age with hearing loss. Method Objective measures of hearing aid use were collected via data logging. Speech and language measures included standardized measures GFTA-2, CELF Preschool-2 and additional item analyses for the word structure subtest CELF Preschool-2 and the GFTA-2. Results Hearing aid use was full time for 33% of the children (n=3; M=8.84 hours; Range: 2.9–12.1) at the beginning of the study, and for 78% at the end of the study (n=7; M=9.89 hours; Range 2.6–13.2). All participants demonstrated an improvement in articulation and language standard scores and percentiles however continued to demonstrate areas of weakness in sounds high-frequency in nature. Conclusions Through early identification and fitting, children gain access to speech sounds. Both standardized measures and individual language analysis should be used to identify and support children with hearing loss in language and subsequent literacy development.

Design of English text-to-speech conversion algorithm based on machine learning

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Li Dongmei
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Speech Synthesis ◽  
Feature Recognition ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
English Text ◽  
Text To Speech ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Modern Computer ◽  
Conversion Algorithm

English text-to-speech conversion is the key content of modern computer technology research. Its difficulty is that there are large errors in the conversion process of text-to-speech feature recognition, and it is difficult to apply the English text-to-speech conversion algorithm to the system. In order to improve the efficiency of the English text-to-speech conversion, based on the machine learning algorithm, after the original voice waveform is labeled with the pitch, this article modifies the rhythm through PSOLA, and uses the C4.5 algorithm to train a decision tree for judging pronunciation of polyphones. In order to evaluate the performance of pronunciation discrimination method based on part-of-speech rules and HMM-based prosody hierarchy prediction in speech synthesis systems, this study constructed a system model. In addition, the waveform stitching method and PSOLA are used to synthesize the sound. For words whose main stress cannot be discriminated by morphological structure, label learning can be done by machine learning methods. Finally, this study evaluates and analyzes the performance of the algorithm through control experiments. The results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper has good performance and has a certain practical effect.

Macroanatomical Structure of the Lumbosacral Plexus and its Branches in the Indigenous Duck

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
MT Hussan ◽  
MS Islam ◽  
J Alam
Keyword(s):  
Hind Limb ◽  
Femoral Nerve ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Spinal Nerve ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lumbar Plexus ◽  
Lumbosacral Plexus ◽  
Sacral Plexus ◽  
Spinal Nerves ◽  
Femoral Cutaneous Nerve

The present study was carried out to determine the morphological structure and the branches of the lumbosacral plexus in the indigenous duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus). Six mature indigenous ducks were used in this study. After administering an anesthetic to the birds, the body cavities were opened. The nerves of the lumbosacral plexus were dissected separately and photographed. The lumbosacral plexus consisted of lumbar and sacral plexus innervated to the hind limb. The lumbar plexus was formed by the union of three roots of spinal nerves that included last two and first sacral spinal nerve. Among three roots, second (middle) root was the highest in diameter and the last root was least in diameter. We noticed five branches of the lumbar plexus which included obturator, cutaneous femoral, saphenus, cranial coxal, and the femoral nerve. The six roots of spinal nerves, which contributed to form three trunks, formed the sacral plexus of duck. The three trunks united medial to the acetabular foramen and formed a compact, cylindrical bundle, the ischiatic nerve. The principal branches of the sacral plexus were the tibial and fibular nerves that together made up the ischiatic nerve. Other branches were the caudal coxal nerve, the caudal femoral cutaneous nerve and the muscular branches. This study was the first work on the lumbosacral plexus of duck and its results may serve as a basis for further investigation on this subject.

Fabrication of Conductive Textile via Chemical Oxidative Polymerization of Aniline on Polyester Cloth

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
alireza razaghi
Keyword(s):  
Acidic Solution ◽  
Oxidative Polymerization ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Aniline Monomer ◽  
Polyester Textile ◽  
Conductive Polyaniline ◽  
Conductive Textile ◽  
Polymerization Conditions ◽  
Aniline Polymerization

In this research aniline polymerization conditions were optimized in presence of pre-treated polyester textile to achieve as high electrical conductivity as 100 S/Cm. Alkaline activation of the polyester textile was followed by immersion in to aqueous acidic solution of aniline monomer. Then the oxidant solution was used to initiate the polymerization. Finally, the prepared product was washed and dried prior to ant test. Functional groups were studied by Fourie-transformed infrared spectrometry (FTIR) from the surface of the polyaniline coated textile. Also, morphological structure of synthesized conductive polyaniline was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The synthesized cloth was used in a closed circuit in order to light up alight emitting diode to emphasis the conductivity of the textile and fibres that synthesised by this method.

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