Acute and Sub-Acute Toxicity Study of Ethanolic Extract of Euphorbia kamerunica (Pax) in Mice

Background: Toxicity still a global problem for the environment, agriculture and ultimately human health. Objective: In this study attempt to investigate the toxicological profile of the ethanol, extract of Ricinus cummunis after acute and sub-chronic administration to mice. Methods: In the acute toxicity study, a single administration of the extract at doses of 1000,2000,3000,4000 and 5000 mg/kg, respectively, was gave orally. Mice were observed for general behavioral changes, adverse effects and mortality up to 10 days post-treatment. In sub-acute toxicity studies, herbal extract was gave orally to mice at doses of 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg for 10 days. Results: In the acute toxicity study, the mortality appeared in 2000 mg/kg and LD50 were calculated at 1100 mg/kg. In the sub-chronic toxicity the study show significant differences in body weight between the control and treated groups (p < 0.05). Histopathology of vital organ (liver & kidney) show morphological changes. Conclusions: These results demonstrate the real toxic effect of the ethanolic extract after single dose. The LD50 value is 1100 mg/kg and research indicates that successive use of the seed at the dose above (2 g/kg in human) daily for long period may cause toxic signs. Highlights: The Ricinus communis oil's has wide variety of industrial applications: as a drying oil for paints, varnishes, plastics and resins is an ingredient in numerous cosmetics. But it need to toxicity study as acute and sub-acute with observation of hematological and histopathological to be more safety for used.

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Acute toxicity study and phytochemical screening of phyllanthus amarus ethanolic extract on wistar albino rats

IP International Journal of Comprehensive and Advanced Pharmacology ◽

10.18231/j.ijcaap.2020.018 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 84-86

Author(s):

Ranjita ◽

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Toxicity Study ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Phyllanthus Amarus ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Acute Toxicity Study ◽

Wistar Albino Rats

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Toxicological evaluation of the stem bark of Burkea africana hook. (Caesalpiniaceae) in wistar rats

Nigerian Journal of Natural Products and Medicine ◽

10.4314/njnpm.v23i1.5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 ◽

pp. 33-40

Author(s):

O.K. Eboji ◽

A.A. Sowemimo ◽

O.O. Ogunkunle ◽

M.O. Sofidiya ◽

K.B. Badmos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Chronic Toxicity ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Total Mortality ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Toxicity Study ◽

Toxicological Evaluation ◽

Acute Toxicity Study ◽

Acute And Chronic Toxicity

Burkea africana Hook. (Caesalpiniaceae) is used traditionally to treat ulcers, headaches, skin disease and tumors. The study investigated the acute, sub-acute and chronic toxicity profiles of the ethanolic extract of Burkea africana stem bark. Rats of either sexes were used in this study (n=10). For acute toxicity, a single dose of 5,000 mg/kg was administered while for the sub-acute and chronic toxicity study, three doses (40, 200 and 1000 mg/kg) of the extract were administered orally for 28 and 90 days respectively. At the end of each study, the biochemical, hematological and histological parameters were evaluated. No mortality or behavioral changes were observed in the acute toxicity study. Extract caused significant changes in the hematological parameters after the sub-acute toxicity study. In the chronic toxicity study, the extract caused significant increase in the white blood cell count of the 200 mg/kg group. There was significant increase in the platelet count of treated groups compared to control in the sub-acute and chronic toxicity studies, with an observed total mortality of all the animals in the 1000 mg/kg group on the 44th day. No adverse pathology was observed in the organs examined. The extract elicited a hematological response and short term consumption of the extract at low doses might be relatively safe. However, long term consumption at high doses should be discouraged.

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Hepatoprotective effect of Helicanthus elastica

Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology ◽

10.3329/bjp.v11i2.26149 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 525 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K.N. Sunil Kumar ◽

R. Rajakrishnan ◽

J. Thomas ◽

G. Aadinaath Reddy

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Acute Toxicity ◽

Dose Level ◽

Video Clip ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Toxicity Study ◽

Oral Toxicity ◽

Acute Toxicity Study ◽

Whole Plant

Search for medicinal plants to treat liver disorders is an important research topic on herbs. Acute toxicity study is a prerequisite for safety and dose fixation for further pharmacological actions. In the present study, aqueous and 95% ethanolic extract of whole plant of Helicanthus elastica were subjected to acute oral toxicity. The aqueous and ethanolic extract revealed no observable changes in the rats up to the dose level of 2,000 mg /kg body weight. The extracts were then screened for paracetamol-induced hepatic injury at dose levels of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight (1/10 and 1/5 LD50 based on toxicity study). The aqueous extract of whole plant of H. elastica was found to produce significant (p<0.05) reversal of the paracetamol-induced changes in the measured biochemical and histopathological parameters at lower dose of 200 mg/kg which was found to be better than ethanol extract at the same dose level.Video Clip:<a href="https://www.youtube.com/v/cO6HI1Kikxs">Acute toxicity study and others:</a> 5 min 38 sec

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Acute toxicity study of ethanolic extract of Apium leptophyllum pers in swiss albino mice

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v10i4.1764 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 3750-3754

Author(s):

Siva Ganesh M ◽

Radhika J

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Single Dose ◽

Acute Toxicity ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Maximum Level ◽

Toxicity Study ◽

Swiss Albino Mice ◽

Acute Toxicity Study ◽

Albino Mice ◽

Experimental Group

The recent study was planned to determine the acute toxicity study of Apium leptophyllum pers. A single dose of 400,1200,2000 mg/ kg of ethanolic extract of Apium leptophyllum pers according to the OECD guidelines and the dose level was administrated orally into swiss albino mice. Oral administration of maximum level of ethanolic extract of Apium leptophyllum pers upto 2000 mg/kg body weight to experimental group of albino mice was evaluated. Biochemical, haematological and histopathological parameters were checked throughout the study. Signs of toxicity, mortality and body weight were monitored for 14 days post treatment of Apium leptophyllum pers . There is no substantial variations were noticed in control and treated groups. Result revealed that the ethanolic extract of Apium leptophyllum is safe and no toxicity was caused.

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Acute toxicity study of the ethanolic extract of Eleutherine bulbosa Urb in Wistar rats

Pharmacy Education ◽

10.46542/pe.2021.212.143147 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 143-147

Author(s):

Helmina Wati ◽

Rahmi Muthia ◽

Kartini ◽

Finna Setiawan

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Toxicity Test ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Toxicity Study ◽

Acute Toxicity Study ◽

Test Study ◽

Limit Test ◽

Low Toxicity ◽

Medicinal Properties

Introduction: Eleutherine bulbosa Urb is a plant species with medicinal properties, including anti-inflammatory, widely relied upon in traditional practices. For this reason, the present research was intended to assess and, thus, ensure the safety of this plant for conventional medicinal purposes using a toxicity test study. Methods: The acute toxicity test of the ethanolic extract of E. bulbosa Urb (EEEB) used the method adopted from the Organization Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guidelines 425 for testing Wistar rats. Results: During 14 days of the acute toxicity study, there were no significant changes in rat weight, no mortality, and no signs of toxicity after the oral EEEB administration at 2000 mg/kg body weight (bw). The limit test showed that the LD50 of EEEB was higher than 2000 mg/kg bw. Conclusion: EEEB has low toxicity because its LD50 is higher than the limit test results.

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PHARMACOGNOSTIC, ANTIOXIDANT AND ACUTE TOXICITY STUDY OF Ficus sycomorus (Linn) (Moraceae) ROOT AND STEM BARK

FUDMA Journal of Sciences ◽

10.33003/fjs-2020-0402-244 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 605-614

Author(s):

Murtala M. Namadina ◽

H. Haruna ◽

U. Sanusi

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Stem Bark ◽

The Body ◽

Toxicity Study ◽

Bark Extract ◽

Root Extract ◽

Acute Toxicity Study ◽

Radical Scavenging Ability ◽

Phytochemical Components

Most of biochemical reactions in the body generates Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), which are involved in the pathogenesis of oxidative stress-related disorders like diabetes, nephrotoxicity, cancer, cardiovascular disorders, inflammation and neurological disorders when they attack biochemical molecules like proteins, lipids and nucleic acid. Antioxidants are used to protect the cells or tissues against potential attack by ROS. Most medicinal plants possess a rich source of antioxidants such as flavonoids, phenols, tannins, alkaloids among others. These phytochemicals are currently pursued as an alternative and complimentary drug. In this study, phytochemical components, antioxidant and acute toxicity study of the methanol extract of stem bark and root of F. sycomorus were carried out using standard methods. Findings from this study revealed the presence of some diagnostic microscopical features such as calcium oxalate, starch, gum/mucilage, lignin, Aleurone grain, suberized/Cuticular cell wall and inulin but calcium carbonate was absent in stem bark but present in the powdered root. Quantitative physical constants include moisture contents (6.40% and 7.82%), ash value (7.20% and 9.30 %) in stem bark and root respectively. Carbohydrates, alkaloid, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, glycoside, steroid, triterpenes and phenols were present in all the extracts. They were found to exhibit potent 1,1,-diphenyl 2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free scavenging activity. The DPPH radical scavenging ability of the extracts showed the following trend Ascorbic acid < stem bark extract˃ root extract. The LD50 of the methanolic stem bark and root extracts were found to be greater than 5000 mg /kg and is considered safe for use. Nonetheless, further

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In-vitro and in-vivo evaluation of antidiabetic activity of Withania coagulans extract

The Natural Products Journal ◽

10.2174/2210315509666190416155757 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 09 ◽

Author(s):

Tejas Patel ◽

B.N. Suhagia

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Acute Toxicity ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Pancreatic Beta Cell ◽

Toxicity Study ◽

Acute Toxicity Study ◽

Withania Coagulans ◽

Study Results

Background: Diabetes mellitus is major issue to public health as its prevalence is rising day by day. Synthetic agents available for the diabetic treatment are expensive or produce undesirable side effect on chronic use and some of them are not suitable during pregnancy. Herbal medicines accepted widely due to side effects and low cost. Objective: The aim of present study was to evaluate the activity of Withania coagulans extract using In-vitro and In-vivo model. Methods: Different three types of Withania coagulans extract were prepared using aqueous (W1), Alcohol (W2) and hydro-alcoholic (50:50) mixture (W3). In-vitro Anti-diabetic activity of the all three extracts evaluated using RINm5F Pancreatic beta cells.Further, n-vivo anti-diabetic evaluation performed by administering 50 mg/kg (p.o) aqueous extract for 7 days in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced mice. Body weight of the animals was also determined to perform acute toxicity study. Results: The results of in –vitro cell based study indicated that among all three extract, aqueous extract (W1) of Withania coagulans showed potential increase in inulin release. The EC50 of the W1 (249.6 µg/L) which is compared with standard (Glibenclamide) EC50. From the results of In-vitro study, W1 subjected for acute toxicity study and the acute toxicity study results indicated LD50 of 50mg/kg. Diabetic rats treated with W1 extract at oral dose of 50 mg/kg for 7 days showed 34.17% reduction in blood glucose in comparison to untreated diabetic (STZ-induced) rats. Blood glucose levels of Standard treated (Glibenclamide) and control untreated. Conclusion: In conclusion, results of pancreatic beta cell based study showed increase in insulin release by administration of extract. Further aqueous extract (W1) was potentially reduced blood glucose level in STZ induced diabetic mice.

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