Subeschar culture using a punch instrument in unstageable wounds

Background A patient’s overall condition sometimes does not allow for the complete removal of a dead eschar or injured slough in cases involving a pressure-injury skin lesion. This frequently occurs in clinical practice, particularly in bedridden and older patients receiving home care or intensive care. Even after debridement, it is also difficult to manage open exudative wounds in these patients. Nevertheless, when a mature or immature eschar is treated without proper debridement, liquefaction necrosis underneath the eschar or slough tends to reveal a large, open wound with infectious exudates. We hypothesized that if the presence of any bacteria under the eschar can be evaluated and the progression of the presumed infection of the subeschar can be halted or delayed without creating an open wound, the final wound can be small, shallow, and uninfected.Methods Using a punch instrument, we performed 34 viable subeschar tissue cultures with a secure junction between the eschar and the normal skin.Results The bacterial study had 29 positive results. Based on these results and the patient’s status, appropriate antibiotics could be selected and administered. The use of suitable antibiotics led to relatively shallow and small exposed wounds.Conclusions This procedure could be used to detect potentially pathogenic bacteria hidden under black or yellow eschars. Since subeschar infections are often accompanied by multidrug-resistant bacteria, the early detection of hidden infections and the use of appropriate antibiotics are expected to be helpful to patients.

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Biofilms and antibiotic susceptibility of multidrug-resistant bacteria from wild animals

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.4974 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. e4974 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Carla Dias ◽

Anabela Borges ◽

Diana Oliveira ◽

Antonio Martinez-Murcia ◽

Maria José Saavedra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Animal Health ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Contact Angles ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Wild Animals ◽

Genetic Determinants ◽

Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽

Biofilm Removal

BackgroundThe “One Health” concept recognizes that human health and animal health are interdependent and bound to the health of the ecosystem in which they (co)exist. This interconnection favors the transmission of bacteria and other infectious agents as well as the flow of genetic elements containing antibiotic resistance genes. This problem is worsened when pathogenic bacteria have the ability to establish as biofilms. Therefore, it is important to understand the characteristics and behaviour of microorganisms in both planktonic and biofilms states from the most diverse environmental niches to mitigate the emergence and dissemination of resistance.MethodsThe purpose of this work was to assess the antibiotic susceptibility of four bacteria (Acinetobacterspp.,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Pseudomonas fluorescensandShewanella putrefaciens) isolated from wild animals and their ability to form biofilms. The effect of two antibiotics, imipenem (IPM) and ciprofloxacin (CIP), on biofilm removal was also assessed. Screening of resistance genetic determinants was performed by PCR. Biofilm tests were performed by a modified microtiter plate method. Bacterial surface hydrophobicity was determined by sessile drop contact angles.ResultsThe susceptibility profile classified the bacteria as multidrug-resistant. Three genes coding for β-lactamases were detected inK. pneumoniae(TEM, SHV, OXA-aer) and one inP. fluorescens(OXA-aer).K. pneumoniaewas the microorganism that carried more β-lactamase genes and it was the most proficient biofilm producer, whileP. fluorescensdemonstrated the highest adhesion ability. Antibiotics at their MIC, 5 × MIC and 10 × MIC were ineffective in total biofilm removal. The highest biomass reductions were found with IPM (54% at 10 × MIC) againstK. pneumoniaebiofilms and with CIP (40% at 10 × MIC) againstP. fluorescensbiofilms.DiscussionThe results highlight wildlife as important host reservoirs and vectors for the spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria and genetic determinants of resistance. The ability of these bacteria to form biofilms should increase their persistence.

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Harnessing the Intriguing Properties of Magnetic Nanoparticles to Detect and Treat Bacterial Infections

Magnetochemistry ◽

10.3390/magnetochemistry7080112 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (8) ◽

pp. 112

Author(s):

Lingchao Xiang ◽

Ozioma Udochukwu Akakuru ◽

Chen Xu ◽

Aiguo Wu

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Detection ◽

Prevention And Treatment ◽

Further Development

Infections caused by pathogenic bacteria, especially multidrug-resistant bacteria, have become a serious worldwide public health problem. Early diagnosis and treatment can effectively prevent the adverse effects of such infections. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop effective methods for the early detection, prevention, and treatment of diseases that are caused by bacterial infections. So far, magnetic material nanoparticles (MNPs) have been widely used in the detection and treatment of bacterial infections as detection agents and therapeutics. Therefore, this review describes the recent research on MNPs in bacterial detection and treatment. Finally, a brief discussion of challenges and perspectives in this field is provided, which is expected to guide the further development of MNPs for bacterial detection and treatment.

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The Delivery of the Novel Drug ‘Halicin’ Using Electrospun Fibers for the Treatment of Pressure Ulcer against Pathogenic Bacteria

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics12121189 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 1189

Author(s):

Walaa S. Aburayan ◽

Rayan Y. Booq ◽

Nouf S. BinSaleh ◽

Haya A. Alfassam ◽

Abrar A. Bakr ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pressure Ulcer ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Extended Period ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Medical Attention ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Electrospun Fibers ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽

Drug Resistant Bacteria

Pressure ulcer or bedsore is a form of skin infection that commonly occurs with patients admitted to the hospital for an extended period of time, which might lead to severe complications in the absence of medical attention, resulting in infection either by drug-sensitive or drug-resistant bacteria. Halicin, a newly discovered drug effective against several bacterial strains, including multidrug-resistant bacteria, was investigated to reduce bacterial infection burden. This study aims to formulate halicin into electrospun fibers to be applied in bedsores as antibacterial dressing to assess its efficacy against gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii) by studying the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and bacterial zone of inhibition assays. The diameters of inhibition growth zones were measured, and the results have shown that the drug-loaded fibers were able to inhibit the growth of bacteria compared to the halicin discs. The release profile of the drug-loaded fibers exhibited a complete release of the drug after 2 h. The results demonstrated that the drug-loaded fibers could successfully release the drug while retaining their biological activity and they may be used as a potential antimicrobial dressing for patients with pressure ulcers caused by multidrug resistant bacteria.

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Isolation of Multidrug Resistant Bacteria from Patients Medical Charts

Journal of Nepal Health Research Council ◽

10.3126/jnhrc.v15i2.18204 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 146-149

Author(s):

Roshan Thapa ◽

Narayan Dutt Pant ◽

Uday Narayan Yadav ◽

Eliza Thapa ◽

Anjana Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Methicillin Resistance ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽

Enterococcus Spp ◽

Bacillus Spp ◽

Acinetobacter Spp

Background: Patient’s medical charts in hospitals are potentially contaminated by pathogenic bacteria and might act as vehicles for transmission of bacterial infections.This study was aimed to determine the rate of contamination of medical charts by multidrug resistant bacteria.Methods: Sampling of total 250 patient’s medical charts from different wards was done with the help of cotton swabs soaked in sterile normal saline. The swabs thus collected were cultured using standard microbiological procedures.The colonies grown were then identified with the help of colony morphology, Gram’s stain and biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. Results: Of the total 250 charts sampled, 98.8% grew bacteria; Bacillus spp. in 40.7%, followed by Staphylococcus aureus (17%), coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp.(CoNS) (17%), Citrobacter freundii (9.6%) and Acinetobacter spp. (4.5%). Rate of multidrug resistance was highest in Acinetobacter spp. (50%). Among 83 isolates of S. aureus, methicillin resistance was found in 29 isolates. Similarly, two out of total 9 isolates of Enterococcus spp. were vancomycin resistant.Conclusions: This study showed that patient’s medical charts were contaminated with multidrug resistant bacteria including methicillin resistant S. aureus and vancomycin resistant Enterococcus spp. Strict hand washing before and after handling medical charts is recommended.

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Rapid Detection of Carbapenemase Genes (Bla-Vim And Bla-Imp) By Multiplex Pcr in Gram-Negative Clinical Isolates

10.21203/rs.3.rs-111985/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mehraj Ansari ◽

Kulraj Rai ◽

Ganesh Rai ◽

Subhas Aryal ◽

Shiba Rai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Multiplex Pcr ◽

Rapid Detection ◽

Carbapenem Resistance ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Positive Results

Abstract BackgroundCarbapenems have been the choice of antibiotics for the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. However, during recent years, carbapenems resistant bacteria have emerged significantly. The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of carbapenemase (bla-VIM and bla-IMP) producing isolates among Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii.ResultsOf the total 1,151 clinical samples, 253 (22.0%) showed growth positive. Of them, 226 (89.3%) were identified as members of Enterobacteriaceae, P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii. Among the 226 isolates, 106 (46.9%) were multidrug-resistant. Of the 106, 97 (91.5%) isolates showed resistance to at least one of the carbapenem used. Among the 97 isolates, 67 (69.1%) showed MHT positive results. bla-VIM and bla-IMP were detected in 40 and 38 isolates, respectively.ConclusionThis study determined the higher prevalence of MDR and carbapenem resistance among Enterobacteriaceae, P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii as detected by the presence of bla-VIM and bla-IMP genes.Keywords: Carbapenems, Carbapenemase, Modified Hodge Test, bla-VIM, bla-IMP

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Multidrug Resistant Bacteria: The Fatal Menace in Healthcare

Mapana Journal of Sciences ◽

10.12723/mjs.20.3 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 31-48

Author(s):

Suma Sarojini

Keyword(s):

Gene Transfer ◽

Lateral Gene Transfer ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Human Beings ◽

Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Rate Of Spread

The “antibiotic era” saw the discovery of a lot of wonder drugs which killed pathogenic bacteria without significantly harming the host. Never before had nature and sickness seemed so much within the control of mankind. The hopes soon died down with the reports of antibiotic resistant bacteria. The extensive overuse and misuse of antibiotics by human beings coupled with the alarming rate of spread of resistance genes to other bacteria by horizontal and lateral gene transfer has given the problem a larger dimension in that now we have superbugs resistant to a variety of antibiotics. People need to be informed of the dangers of antibiotics and educated on the forms of illnesses that antibiotics cannot treat.

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Which Current and Novel Diagnostic Avenues for Bacterial Respiratory Diseases?

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2020.616971 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Héloïse Rytter ◽

Anne Jamet ◽

Mathieu Coureuil ◽

Alain Charbit ◽

Elodie Ramond

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Diseases ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽

Technological Advances ◽

Diagnostic Management ◽

Rapid Tests ◽

Lung Infections ◽

Diagnostic Technologies

Bacterial acute pneumonia is responsible for an extremely large burden of death worldwide and diagnosis is paramount in the management of patients. While multidrug-resistant bacteria is one of the biggest health threats in the coming decades, clinicians urgently need access to novel diagnostic technologies. In this review, we will first present the already existing and largely used techniques that allow identifying pathogen-associated pneumonia. Then, we will discuss the latest and most promising technological advances that are based on connected technologies (artificial intelligence-based and Omics-based) or rapid tests, to improve the management of lung infections caused by pathogenic bacteria. We also aim to highlight the mutual benefits of fundamental and clinical studies for a better understanding of lung infections and their more efficient diagnostic management.

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Antibacterial potential of nudibranch-associated bacteria from Saparua and Nusa Laut Islands, Indonesia

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d200704 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (7) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

RHESI KRISTIANA ◽

MADA TRIANDALA SIBERO ◽

MACELLYNE YOHANNA FARISA ◽

DIAH AYUNINGRUM ◽

DIO DIRGANTARA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Micrococcus Luteus ◽

International Health ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽

Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽

Associated Bacteria ◽

E Coli ◽

Antibacterial Potential

Abstract. Kristiana R, Sibero MT, Farisa MY, Ayuningrum D, Dirgantara D, Hanafi M, Radjasa OK, Sabdono A, Trianto A. 2019. Antibacterial potential of nudibranch-associated bacteria from Saparua and Nusa Laut Islands, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 1811-1819. Infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria are the international health issue that triggers the urgency of finding new antibacterial agents. The aim of this study was to obtain the nudibranchs-associated bacteria that have bioactivity against multidrug-resistant bacteria. A total of 13 species of nudibranch were identified based on morphological characterization. Overlay methods were used for the screening of the isolates bioactivity against six pathogenic multidrug-resistant bacteria. The Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) of the crude extract was evaluated against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Micrococcus luteus, and Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases E. coli (ESBL) using MTT method. A total of 145 isolates were obtained which eleven of the isolates showed antibacterial activity against the pathogenic bacteria. The MIC tests showed that the best acivity was isolate SM-S-9-15 and SM-N-3-7. The methanolic extract of isolate SM-S-9-15 active to all of the pathogenic bacteria, while the ethyl acetate extract of the isolate SM-N-3-7 active to the E. coli, B. subtilis, K. pneumonia at the concentration of 500 mg/mL. According to 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence-based identification, all active isolates belong to Virgibacillus marismortui, V. dokdonensis, Bacillus kochii, Vibrio algynoliticus, and Pseudoalteromonas piscicida.

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