Factores de riesgo asociados al embarazo en adolescentes

Objetivo: Evaluar los factores de riesgo para el embarazo en adolescentes.Método: Estudio retrospectivo de casos y controles con una muestra no probabilística por conveniencia de 180 adolescentes: 60 gestantes (casos) y 120 no gestantes (controles). La recolección de datos se realizó entre los meses de setiembre y octubre del 2019 en un centro de salud público de Trujillo, mediante el FACES-III y una ficha de identificación de datos sociodemográficos y familiares. Para el análisis de datos se determinó el Odds ratio, se calcularon los intervalos de confianza (IC) y se procedió a estimar la magnitud de efecto.Resultados: Tanto la exposición a la violencia (OR: 5.82), la funcionalidad familiar (OR: 3.87), la edad del primer embarazo de la madre (OR: 4.07) y la situación sentimental de los padres (OR: 4.24), actuaron como factores de riesgo con una magnitud de efecto moderada; en tanto que el grado de instrucción de la madre (OR: 2.03) se mostró como un factor de riesgo con magnitud de efecto pequeña y el grado de instrucción del padre (OR: 1.37) insignificante. Conclusiones: La exposición a la violencia, la funcionalidad familiar, la edad del primer embarazo de la madre, la situación sentimental y el grado de instrucción de los padres actuaron como factores de riesgo para el embarazo en adolescentes. Objective: To assess the risk factors for pregnancy in adolescents.Method: Retrospective case-control study with a non-probability sample for convenience of 180 adolescents: 60 pregnant women (cases) and 120 non pregnant women (controls) Data collection was carried out between September and October, 2019 in a public health center in Trujillo, using FACES-III and a card identifying sociodemographic and family data. For the data analysis the Odds ratio was determined, the confidence intervals (CI) were calculated and the magnitude of effect was estimated.Results: Exposure to violence (OR: 5.82), family functionality (OR: 3.87), age of mother's first pregnancy (OR: 4.07), and parents’ emotional situation (OR: 4.24) were risk factors with a moderate magnitude of effect, whereas mother's education (OR: 2.03) was a risk factor with a small magnitude of effect and father's education (OR: 1.37) was insignificant.Conclusions: Exposure to violence, family functionality, age of mother's first pregnancy, emotional situation and parents’ level of education all acted as risk factors for adolescent pregnancy.

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Risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection in the Colombian Caribbean coast: A case-control study

Biomédica ◽

10.7705/biomedica.v36i4.3105 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

pp. 564 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ismael de Jesús Yepes ◽

Beatriz Lince ◽

Clara Caez ◽

Giovanni De Vuono

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Virus Infection ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Hepatitis C Virus Infection ◽

Factores De Riesgo ◽

Control Study

Introducción. Se estima que, aproximadamente, 6,8 a 8,9 millones de personas están infectadas por el virus de la hepatitis C en Latinoamérica, de las cuales menos del 1 % llega a recibir tratamiento antiviral. En los estudios llevados a cabo hasta ahora en Colombia, se ha propuesto determinar la prevalencia de la enfermedad en algunos grupos de riesgo, y no se ha hecho el análisis de otros factores potencialmente implicados en el contagio.Objetivos. Determinar los factores de riesgo tradicionalmente analizados y otros no estudiados antes para la hepatitis C crónica en la Costa Caribe colombiana.Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio de casos y controles (1:3) emparejados por empresa promotora de salud y edad (± 10 años), en el primer nivel de atención de hepatología y gastroenterología. A todos los pacientes positivos en la prueba ELISA se les hizo una prueba confirmatoria de carga viral. En el análisis de regresión logística multivariable se determinaron los factores predictores independientes de infección.Resultados. La transfusión sanguínea (odds ratio, OR=159,2; IC95% 35,4-715; p<0,001) y el antecedente de hospitalización antes de 1994 (OR=4,7; IC95% 1,3-17,1; p=0,018) se determinaron como los dos únicos factores independientes predictores de infección.Conclusión. Es necesario comprobar la reproducibilidad de estos resultados y hacer estudios de costo-efectividad antes de recomendar su utilización en el diseño de nuevas estrategias de cribado.

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Determinants of gonorrhea and syphilis infections among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at Dilla University Referral Hospital, Ethiopia: Unmatched case-control study

Women s Health ◽

10.1177/1745506520940095 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

pp. 174550652094009

Author(s):

Kumneger Hailu ◽

Achamyelesh Gebretsadik

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Antenatal Care ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Referral Hospital ◽

Care Clinic ◽

Control Study

Objective: This study was designed to determine the risk factors associated with gonorrhea and syphilis infections among pregnant women attending antenatal care clinic at Dilla University Referral Hospital. Method: A hospital-based unmatched case-control study (64 cases and 128 controls) with 1:2 ratios was conducted from 29 January 2018 to 20 June 2018, at the antenatal care clinic of the Dilla University Referral Hospital. Venous blood and vaginal swab were collected to screen for gonorrhea and syphilis. A pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to gather data on sociodemographic and predisposing factors. Logistic regression analysis used to identify risk factors for sexually transmitted infections among pregnant women at 95% confidence interval and p-value < 0.05. Result: A total of 64 cases of syphilis or gonorrhea were identified with a mean age of 26 years (±4.1 years.). Of those cases, 40 were syphilis seropositive and the remaining were gonorrhea cases. Lower educational status (adjusted odds ratio = 2.4, 95% confidence interval: 1.1–4.9), age of first sex <18 years (adjusted odds ratio = 2.8, 95% confidence interval: 1.3–5.9), history of abortion (adjusted odds ratio = 3.1, 95% confidence interval: 1.4–6.6), and having two or more sexual partners in the past year (adjusted odds ratio = 2.5, 95% confidence interval: 1.1–5.7) were significantly associated with gonorrhea and syphilis infection. Conclusion: Demographic, behavioral, and obstetric factors are associated with the occurrence of syphilis or gonorrhea among pregnant women. Strengthening the existing antenatal care services, providing health education on risk factors, and prioritizing women with the risk characteristics and initiation of gonorrhea and syphilis screening during antennal care are mandatory.

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Risk Factors for Postpartum Hemorrhage in a Thai–Myanmar Border Community Hospital: A Nested Case-Control Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18094633 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 4633

Author(s):

Waraporn Thepampan ◽

Nuchsara Eungapithum ◽

Krittai Tanasombatkul ◽

Phichayut Phinyo

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Postpartum Hemorrhage ◽

Minority Groups ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Community Hospital ◽

Case Control ◽

Border Community ◽

Nested Case Control ◽

Control Study

Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a common complication of pregnancy and a global public health concern. Even though PPH risk factors were extensively studied and reported in literature, almost all studies were conducted in non-Asian countries or tertiary care centers. Our study aimed to explore relevant risk factors for PPH among pregnant women who underwent transvaginal delivery at a Thai–Myanmar border community hospital in Northern Thailand. An exploratory nested case-control study was conducted to explore risk factors for PPH. Women who delivered transvaginal births at Maesai hospital from 2014 to 2018 were included. Two PPH definitions were used, which were ≥ 500 mL and 1000 mL of estimated blood loss within 24 h after delivery. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to identify significant risk factors for PPH and severe PPH. Of 4774 women with vaginal births, there were 265 (5.55%) PPH cases. Eight factors were identified as independent predictors for PPH and severe PPH: elderly pregnancy, minority groups, nulliparous, previous PPH history, BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2, requiring manual removal of placenta, labor augmentation, and fetal weight > 4000 gm. Apart from clinical factors, particular attention should be given to pregnant women who were minority groups as PPH risk significantly increased in this population.

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The Predictive Value of the Mother’s Risk Factors in Formation of Fetal Developmental Delay

Global Pediatric Health ◽

10.1177/2333794x21999149 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 2333794X2199914

Author(s):

Maka Chigladze

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Standards Of Living ◽

Poor Nutrition

The research aimed at studying the mother’s social-hygienic and medical biological risk factors and determining their predictive value. The retrospective case-control study was conducted with 142 pregnant women participating in it. In the case group there were involved 92 mothers whose pregnancy was completed by the birth of a newborn baby suffering from the intrauterine growth restriction. The control group was made of 50 pregnant women, whose pregnancy was completed by the birth of a healthy neonate. The research resulted in specifying the risk factors of high priority: the low standards of living (OR 3.61), chronic stress (OR-3.06), sleeping disorder (OR-3.33) and poor nutrition (OR-3.81). As regards the coexisting pathology the following was revealed: endocrine pathology (OR-3.27), ischemic heart disease (OR-4.35), arterial hypertension (OR-6.47), iron deficiency anemia (OR-4.11), pathology of respiratory system (OR-3.42), chronic genital inflammatory and infectious processes. The preeclampsia (92%) and low amniotic fluid (89%) were detected to have the high predictive value. The awareness of risk factors allows us to employ the timely measures for the reduction of negative impact on the fetus and neonate.

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Parental risk factors for congenital diaphragmatic hernia – a large German case-control study

BMC Pediatrics ◽

10.1186/s12887-021-02748-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Felicitas Schulz ◽

Ekkehart Jenetzky ◽

Nadine Zwink ◽

Charlotte Bendixen ◽

Florian Kipfmueller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Environmental Risk ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Alcohol Intake ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Parental Risk Factors ◽

Healthy Control ◽

Control Study

Abstract Background Evidence for periconceptional or prenatal environmental risk factors for the development of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is still scarce. Here, in a case-control study we investigated potential environmental risk factors in 199 CDH patients compared to 597 healthy control newborns. Methods The following data was collected: time of conception and birth, maternal BMI, parental risk factors such as smoking, alcohol or drug intake, use of hairspray, contact to animals and parental chronic diseases. CDH patients were born between 2001 and 2019, all healthy control newborns were born in 2011. Patients and control newborns were matched in the ratio of three to one. Results Presence of CDH was significantly associated with maternal periconceptional alcohol intake (odds ratio = 1.639, 95% confidence interval 1.101–2.440, p = 0.015) and maternal periconceptional use of hairspray (odds ratio = 2.072, 95% confidence interval 1.330–3.229, p = 0.001). Conclusion Our study suggests an association between CDH and periconceptional maternal alcohol intake and periconceptional maternal use of hairspray. Besides the identification of novel and confirmation of previously described parental risk factors, our study underlines the multifactorial background of isolated CDH.

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Association between Birth Plan Use and Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in Southern Spain: A Case-Control Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18020456 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 456

Author(s):

Pedro Hidalgo-Lopezosa ◽

Ana María Cubero-Luna ◽

Andrea Jiménez-Ruz ◽

María Hidalgo-Maestre ◽

María Aurora Rodríguez-Borrego ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Neonatal Resuscitation ◽

Case Control ◽

Neonatal Outcomes ◽

Southern Spain ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Apgar Scores ◽

Primiparous Women ◽

Control Study

Background: Birth plans are used for pregnant women to express their wishes and expectations about childbirth. The aim of this study was to compare obstetric and neonatal outcomes between women with and without birth plans. Methods: A multicentre, retrospective case–control study at tertiary hospitals in southern Spain between 2009 and 2013 was conducted. A total of 457 pregnant women were included, 178 with and 279 without birth plans. Women with low-risk gestation, at full-term and having been in labour were included. Sociodemographic, obstetric and neonatal variables were analysed and comparisons were established. Results: Women with birth plans were older, more educated and more commonly primiparous. Caesarean sections were less common in primiparous women with birth plans (18% vs. 29%, p = 0.027); however, no significant differences were found in instrumented births, 3rd–4th-degree tears or episiotomy rates. Newborns of primiparous women with birth plans obtained better results on 1 min Apgar scores, umbilical cord pH and advanced neonatal resuscitation. No significant differences were found on 5 min Apgar scores or other variables for multiparous women. Conclusions: Birth plans were related to less intervention, a more natural process of birth and better outcomes for mothers and newborns. Birth plans can improve the welfare of the mother and newborn, leading to birth in a more natural way.

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Clinical characteristics and risk factors for community-acquired Clostridium difficile infection: A retrospective, case-control study in a tertiary care hospital in Japan

Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1016/j.jiac.2015.09.004 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 21 (12) ◽

pp. 864-867 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Nobuaki Mori ◽

Yasuko Aoki

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Clostridium Difficile ◽

Clinical Characteristics ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Case Control ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Control Study

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Risk Factors for Measles Vaccine Failure Among Immunized Students

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.76.4.518 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 76 (4) ◽

pp. 518-523

Author(s):

Harry F. Hull ◽

Jean M. Montes ◽

Patricia C. Hays ◽

Robert L. Lucero

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

School System ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Measles Vaccine ◽

Vaccine Failure ◽

Control Study

An outbreak of measles occurred in a municipal school system which had reported 98% of students immunized against measles. A case-control study was conducted to determine reasons for vaccine failure Vaccine failure was associated with immunizations that could not be documented in the provider's records. Among children with provider-documented immunization, vaccine failure was associated with vaccination at 12 to 14 months of age with an odds ratio of 4.73. Among children vaccinated at 15 months or older, vaccine failure was not associated with time elapsed since vaccination. Studies should be conducted to determine whether unreliable immunization records are a more widespread problem. Further consideration should be given to routine revaccination of children previously vaccinated at 12 to 14 months of age.

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