scholarly journals El Sistema de Estados Internacional después del Neoliberalismo: Europa entre la Democracia Nacional y la Centralización Supranacional

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-123
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Streeck
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Karl Polanyi ◽  
The Social ◽  
Small Countries ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
History Of ◽  
Trickle Down

En 1945 Karl Polanyi esbozó una visión de un sistema estatal global en tiempos de paz con una economía política en la que los países pequeños podrían ser soberanos y democráticos. Este ensayo ofrece una perspectiva histórica y comparativa entre el pasado y el presente a la luz del pensamiento polanyiano. Se presta especial atención a la historia de la Unión Europea, que tras el fin del comunismo se convirtió en un pilar del proyecto neoliberal y culminó con la restauración de un patrón oro internacional bajo la Unión Monetaria. Durante la crisis de 2008 el avance del neoliberalismo se enfrentó, no obstante, a la resistencia «populista», a la austeridad y al cambio de gobernanza del nivel nacional al supranacional. El artículo explora las perspectivas de los intentos actuales de reemplazar la «Europa social» y las narrativas economicistas trickle-down, y de la formación de superestados europeos, que han perdido toda credibilidad, por una historia sobre un ejército europeo como condición necesaria para una defensa exitosa del European way of life. In 1945 Karl Polanyi outlined a vision of a peacetime global state system with a political economy in which small countries could be both sovereign and democratic. The present essay reviews developments between then and now in the light of Polanyi’s analytical framework. Particular attention is paid to the history of the European Union, which after the end of Communism turned into a mainstay of the neoliberal project, culminating in its restoration of an international gold standard under Monetary Union. In the crisis of 2008 the advance of neoliberalism got stuck due to «populist» resistance to austerity and the shift of governance from the national to a supranational level. The paper explores the prospects of current attempts to replace the «Social Europe» and «trickle-down» narratives of European superstate formation, which have lost all credit, with a story about a European army as a necessary condition of a successful defense of «the European way of life».

scholarly journals Migration and Access to Welfare Benefits in the EU: The Interplay between Residence and Nationality

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Daniela Vintila ◽  
Jean-Michel Lafleur
Keyword(s):  
Social Protection ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Welfare Regimes ◽  
Welfare Benefits ◽  
Migration History ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Societal Dynamics ◽  
Social Protection Systems ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Increasing mobility to and from European Union (EU) countries has started to challenge the principles of territoriality and national citizenship through which European democracies traditionally conditioned access to social benefits. Existing typologies of immigrant social protection regimes do not seem to adequately capture (nor explain) the diverse repertoire of policy configurations through which European welfare regimes adapt to migration-driven societal dynamics. This introductory chapter provides a critical reflection on the link between migration and access to welfare in the EU. In doing so, it aims to propose a comprehensive analytical framework that allows for a systematic comparison of the inclusiveness of social protection systems towards mobile individuals. We argue that states’ responsiveness towards the social protection needs of their immigrant and emigrant populations has to be examined through a combination of factors, including the characteristics of these populations, the migration history of these countries, as well as the main features of their welfare state.

Features of social adaptation of ethnic groups in modern conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 98-102
Author(s):  
N.S. Badalova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
The Self ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Geographical Isolation ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Modern Era

Discussed are actual questions of a sociological analysis of the social adaptation of various ethnic groups, since globalization disrupts the natural course of this process. We consider it important to preserve the ethnic identity of each nation, subject to their active participation in modern general civilizational development, in order to make a worthy contribution. In order to identify the characteristic features of social adaptation of ethnic groups, two were selected: Khinalugs and Talyshs. The method of analyzing the history of the development and formation of these peoples and the modern conditions of their life revealed the characteristic features of social adaptation here. The considered facts and tendencies in the vital activity of the indicated nationalities gave grounds to draw the following conclusions. In the life of the Hinalugians, their geographical isolation from the rest of the world played a decisive role, which helped them to preserve their unique language and way of life. Now, thanks to the expanded possibilities of communication, this village is exposed to the active influence of the outside world, which fundamentally changes the nature and possibilities of social adaptation of each subsequent generation of people. The Talyshs, being a larger ethnic unit, were subjected to assimilation and other influences of the external world more actively. Despite this, they managed for many decades to preserve their originality. In the modern era of globalization, the general social processes actively influence the process of their social adaptation. Thus, the self-consciousness of the ethnos is destroyed, the self-consciousness of the national identity is formed.

Domination and Assertion Towards a theory of educational change

1968 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Margaret Scotford Archer ◽  
Michalina Vaughan
Keyword(s):  
Educational Change ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Domination ◽  
History Of ◽  
Do So

In the sociology of Max Weber, the history of any social institution corresponds to the constant interplay of a dominant and an assertive group and their supportive ideologies. While Weber himself posited the relevance of such interaction for the study of educational change, he limited himself to the description of historical stages in this process without attempting to account for their sequence. To do so requires a specification of the necessary condition for successful educational domination or assertion by any group. The factors of such domination over the social institution of education may at times coincide with those required for social domination–defined as domination over the main institutions of a society. This coincidence will depend on the degree to which education is integrated with other social institutions. When education is largely unintegrated with such institutions, the group dominating it will tend to be distinct from the ruling group in society. A corresponding statement can be made about assertion. However, as education is never completely autonomous, a theory of educational change (1) necessarily goes beyond this institution to the extent to which it is integrated with others.

scholarly journals The strength and weaknesses of the varieties of capitalism approach: the case of Central and Eastern Europe

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 328-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Jasiecki
Keyword(s):  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Varieties Of Capitalism ◽  
The Political ◽  
Institutional Changes ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Political Sciences ◽  
The Social ◽  
Transition Research

Abstract The purpose of the article is to characterize selected theoretical and methodological advantages, controversies, and limitations of the varieties of capitalism (VoC) approach in application to Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries. It indicates the reasons for the usefulness of such an approach for the study of postcommunist capitalism in the region. The application of the VoC is considered as going beyond the dominant approaches to systemic changes in CEE in the 1990s, such as the strategy of neoliberal economic reforms and the “transitology” prevailing among political scientists and sociologists who referred to democratic patterns of change in Southern Europe. After a decade of reforms, due to different trajectories of development in the countries of the region, such interpretations lose their explanatory power. Other ways of analyzing transformations in CEE have become needed. The need for new theoretical inspirations has also been strengthened by the European Union (EU) accession of the same postcommunist countries. The accession has generated a search for a new language of description and analyses of institutional changes in all the countries of the enlarged Union. In this context, the VoC approach seems to fill the theoretical vacuum left by the end of the “transition” debate in the political research on CEE and provides a major post-transition research agenda and has also built a bridge between discourses which were previously separated in the political economy, neo-institutional approaches, economic sociology, and political sciences. The key advantages of the VoC approach are presented, which made these perspectives influential among researchers of institutional changes in postcommunist countries. The theoretical and analytical framework, classifications, typologies, clusters, indexes, indicators, and so on are tested and widely applied as well. Selected weaknesses and limitations of the VoC approach in the application to CEE are also analyzed. Their manifestation is the confusion associated with the use of various classifications of models of capitalism and the functionalistic character of the VoC focusing on explaining the results, but not the causes of the institution’s activities, as well on institutional determinism diminishing the significant role of the social factors of change.

Socialist Neighborhoods after Socialism

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 486-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly Elman Zarecor
Keyword(s):  
Construction Technology ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Architectural Style ◽  
Architectural Practice ◽  
Grant Programs ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Physical Degradation

The Czech Republic’s socialist-era neighborhoods are largely intact twenty years after the end of Communist Party rule. These buildings will be rehabilitated, but not replaced, because of financial and logistical constraints. In the context of the country’s accession to the European Union in 2004 and the recent global economic crisis, this essay questions what can and should be done in an effort to make these neighborhoods better places to live in the present and the future. It starts with a brief history of postwar housing construction and socialist-era design methodologies, exploring postwar architectural practice and innovations in construction technology that were connected to the industrialization of housing production. The role of the Baťa Company in the development of panelák technology is described. In the context of post-socialist rehabilitation efforts, the discussion addresses current housing policy including regulated rents and the shift in emphasis from renting to ownership. Government subsidies and grant programs are considered, as well as problems such as physical degradation and social segregation. The essay proposes that for the future the social and spatial ideas that were part of the original designs may be more important than the architectural style of individual buildings.

Slums on Screen

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Krstić
Keyword(s):  
Media Culture ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Modes Of Representation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Slumdog Millionaire ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cinematic City ◽  
Media Practices ◽  
North And South ◽  
The Way

Despite the rise of the ‘cinematic city’ as an acknowledged paradigm in film and urban studies, ‘cinematic slums’ have remained severely under-researched, even though near to one billion people – almost one third of the global urban population – call slums their home. Accordingly, the author asks how this hard and unyielding way of life was depicted on screen; how have filmmakers engaged historically and across the globe with the social conditions of what is often perceived as the world’s most miserable habitats? Combining approaches from the social sciences and the humanities, the book provides an interdisciplinary perspective while outlining a transnational history of films that either document or fictionalise the favelas, shantytowns, Elendsviertel, gecekondu, barrios populares or chawls of our diverse ‘planet of slums’, exploring the way accelerated urbanisation has intersected with an increasingly interconnected global film and media culture. From Jacob Riis’s How The Other Half Lives (1890) to Danny Boyle’s Slumdog Millionaire (2008), the volume provides a number of close readings of slum representations of different historical periods and regions to outline how contemporary film and media practices relate to their past predecessors. It focuses thereby particularly on the way filmmakers, both north and south of the equator, have repeatedly grappled with, rejected or continuously modified documentary and realist modes of representation to convey life in our ‘planet of slums’.

‘SLOW REVOLUTION’ IN SOUTHERN AFRICA: HOUSEHOLD BIOSOCIAL REPRODUCTION AND REGIONAL ENTANGLEMENTS IN THE HISTORY OF CATTLE-KEEPING AMONG NGUNI-SPEAKERS, NINTH TO THIRTEENTH CENTURY CE

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raevin Jimenez
Keyword(s):  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Broad Context ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

AbstractIn the eleventh to thirteenth century, Southern African Nguni-speakers made a counterintuitive choice to begin investing in large herds of cattle. Despite a long-standing knowledge of cattle, the earliest Nguni-speakers did not take to cattle-keeping as a way of life. Rather, the transition came as the result of changing social circumstances as households sought to manage the lifecycles of young men and reliably exploit their labor through gendered and generational expectations of decorum. Nguni-speakers grounded new concepts about cattle in older practices and norms regarding the social reproduction of young men. Agropastoralists situated cattle-keeping among the obligations young men faced after passing through initiation, giving cattle local salience. The transformation unfolded in gendered and generational household choices, but was shaped by the broad context of an increasingly interconnected Southern Africa.

scholarly journals PROPHETS AND PRIESTS OF THE NATION: NAGUIB MAHFOUZ'SKARNAK CAFÉAND THE 1967 CRISIS IN EGYPT

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 653-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Geer
Keyword(s):  
Arab World ◽  
Cognitive Structure ◽  
Nobel Laureate ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
History Of ◽  
Good Starting Point ◽  
The 1960S

This quote from a character in the 1974 novelAl-Karnak(Karnak Café) by Nobel laureate Naguib Mahfouz (1911–2006) sums up the reaction of millions of people in Egypt and the Arab world to the June 1967 Arab–Israeli war. Why did this war shatter their worldviews? A military defeat may occur for purely military reasons, in this case the better preparation of Israeli troops. Why should it cast doubt on a whole way of life? The answer to this question lies in the social and cognitive structure of nationalism, which I examine in a moment of crisis, after the 1967 war, when it became necessary for nationalist intellectuals to debate issues that had previously been taken for granted.Al-Karnak, which was made into a highly profitable and controversial film, provides a good starting point for studying these debates. However, it is important to understand them as products of the nationalist project of which Mahfouz was a part. I first analyze the history of that project, explaining its raison d'être and its success by the 1960s.

scholarly journals LA CUESTIÓN AMBIENTAL EN EL CAPITALISMO DE LA PERSPECTIVA DE MOVIMIENTOS SOCIALESA QUESTÃO AMBIENTAL NO CAPITALISMO DESDE A PERSPECTIVA DOS MOVIMENTOS SOCIAISTHE ENVIRONMENTAL QUESTION ON CAPITALISM FROM THE SOCIAL MOVEMENTS PERSPECTIVE

2019 ◽  
pp. 95-113
Author(s):  
Anita Helena Schlesener ◽  
Maria Antonia de Souza ◽  
Maria Arlete Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Critical Education ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The Social ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
The Face ◽  
Landless Workers Movement ◽  
La Via Campesina ◽  
Movimientos Sociales

El artículo trata del dilema que vive la humanidad de cómo preservar el sistema ecológico y la biodiversidad para la sostenibilidad frente a la constante depredación del capital y la forma de vida capitalista que se nos presenta como el Ideal. ¿Cuál es la tarea de la educación en esta realidad concreta? Las reflexiones de naturaleza bibliográfica y documental consideran que los movimientos sociales son portadores de referencias analíticas para comprender el aprendizaje generado en contradicciones, luchas y participación social, teniendo el Movimiento de Trabajadores Sin Tierra (MST) y la Via Campesina como protagonistas de prácticas sociales colectivas que contrastan críticamente con el modelo capitalista de producción a gran escala conocido como agronegocios. Se basa en el modelo agroecológico, en defensa de la educación crítica y la formación integral del hombre y las nuevas generaciones con miras a una sociedad planetaria justa y sostenible. O artigo trata do dilema que vive a humanidade de como preservar o sistema ecológico e a biodiversidade para sustentabilidade ante a constante depredação do capital e do estilo de vida capitalista, que nos é apresentado como o Ideal. Qual é a tarefa da educação nesta realidade concreta? As reflexões de natureza bibliográfica e documental consideram que os movimentos sociais são portadores de referências analíticas para se compreender o aprendizado gerado nas contradições, nas lutas e na participação social, tendo o Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST) e a Via Campesina como protagonistas de práticas sociais coletivas que se contrapõem de forma crítica ao modelo capitalista de produção em larga escala, conhecido como agronegócio. Fundamenta-se no modelo agroecológico, na defesa da educação crítica e formação integral do homem e das novas gerações com vistas a uma sociedade planetária justa e sustentável. The article deals with the dilemma that mankind lives of how preserving the ecological system and biodiversity for sustainability in the face of the constant depredation of capital and the capitalist way of life presented to us as the Ideal. What is the task of education in this concrete reality? Reflections of bibliographical and documentary nature consider that social movements are bearers of analytical references to understand the learning generated in contradictions, struggles and social participation, having the Landless Workers Movement (MST) and Via Campesina as protagonists of collective social practices that contrast critically to the large-scale capitalist model of production known as agribusiness. It is based on the agroecological model, in defense of critical education and integral formation of man and the new generations aiming a just and sustainable planetary society.

scholarly journals PERSIAN LEXICAL LOANWORDS IN SWAHILI

2020 ◽  
pp. 125-132
Author(s):  
Рамиль Тагирович Юзмухаметов
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Bantu Languages ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Abstract Words ◽  
Lexical Composition ◽  
Muslim Culture ◽  
Russian Dictionary

Статья посвящена исследованию персидских лексических заимствований в языке суахили. Язык суахили является официальным языком ряда государств в Восточной Африке, таких как Танзания, Кения, Уганда, Коморские острова и др., эти страны можно считать родиной суахили. Актуальность исследования определяется интересом к распространению персидской заимствованной лексики в Восточной Африке параллельно с интересом к вопросу истории появления мусульманской культуры в Восточной Африке. Несмотря на то что арабские заимствования проникали в языки банту одновременно с персидскими словами, в этой статье рассмотрены исключительно персидские слова с целью подробнее исследовать тематические и структурные группы персидских заимствований, фонетические, морфологические и лексико-семантические изменения в них. Методологической и теоретической базой для исследования стали труды отечественных и зарубежных языковедов и африканистов, изучавших историю языка суахили, его строение, лексический состав, а также этническую структуру общества в Восточной Африке. Материалом для исследования послужили заимствованные из персидского языка слова, зафиксированные в «Суахили-русском словаре» под редакцией Н. В. Громовой. В лексическом составе языка суахили содержится значительное количество иностранных заимствований, что отражает разные периоды истории колонизации и освоения Восточной Африки. Персидских слов в суахили содержится порядка тридцати. Они представлены главным образом конкретными именами, обозначающими различные бытовые понятия, имеется и несколько абстрактных слов, связанных с религией и общественным укладом жизни. В морфологическом, фонологическом и лексико-семантическом плане обнаружены признаки глубокого усвоения иранизмов со стороны языка-реципиента - банту. The article is devoted to the study of Persian lexical borrowings in Swahili. Swahili is the official language of a number of states in East Africa; these are Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, the Comoros and others. These countries can be considered the homeland of Swahili. The relevance of the study is determined by interest in the distribution of Persian borrowed vocabulary in East Africa, along with interest in the issue of the history of the emergence of Muslim culture in East Africa. Despite the fact that Arabic borrowings penetrated the Bantu languages simultaneously with Persian words, this article exclusively discusses Persian words in order to study in more detail the thematic and structural groups of Persian borrowings, phonetic, morphological and lexical-semantic changes in them. The methodological and theoretical framework for this study was determined by works of the domestic and foreign linguists and africanists who studied the history of Swahili, its structural and lexical composition. The material for the study was taken from “Swahili-Russian Dictionary” (ed. N. V. Gromova). The lexical composition of Swahili contains a significant amount of foreign lexical borrowings, which reflects different periods of the history of colonization of East Africa. There are about thirty Persian words in Swahili. They are represented mainly by specific words denoting various everyday concepts, and there are several abstract words related to religion and the social way of life. On the morphological, phonological, and lexical-semantic plane, signs of a deep assimilation of Iranisms by the recipient language, Bantu, were found

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