scholarly journals Sensibilidad intercultural, clima escolar y contacto intergrupal en estudiantes de educación primaria y secundaria de la Región Metropolitana de Santiago de Chile

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-147
Author(s):  
Sònia Lahoz i Ubach ◽  
Cecilia Cordeu Cuccia
Keyword(s):  
School Climate ◽  
Secondary Students ◽  
Intercultural Sensitivity ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Santiago De Chile ◽  
Mere Presence ◽  
Multicultural Classrooms ◽  
Educación Primaria

En este estudio se evaluó la sensibilidad intercultural, el clima escolar y contacto intergrupal de 1729 adolescentes de escuelas municipales de la comuna de Santiago, 74,4% de los cuales nacidos en Chile. Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo transversal, con cuestionarios autoadministrados, analizando luego los datos con t de Student, ANOVA y análisis regresión múltiple. Los resultados dan cuenta de que el alumnado presenta niveles aceptables de sensibilidad intercultural sin diferenciarse por edad. Las adolescentes y el alumnado extranjero presentan mayor sensibilidad intercultural que sus pares. Los resultados también indican que la presencia de estudiantes de distintas nacionalidades, por sí sola, no favorece la sensibilidad intercultural. Es el clima escolar, a través del apoyo al pluralismo cultural en las escuelas, las interacciones positivas y negativas entre estudiantes, junto con el contacto intergrupal en forma de tareas conjuntas, las dimensiones que inciden en la sensibilidad intercultural, explicando un 23% de su varianza. Los resultados son concordantes con estudios internacionales y suponen un insumo para el desarrollo de intervenciones en aulas multiculturales enfocadas a favorecer la comunicación intercultural entre estudiantes de distintas nacionalidades. In this study the intercultural sensitivity was assessed together with school climate and intergroup contact of 1729 primary and secondary students from Santiago de Chile, 74,4% were born in Chile. The study was a cross-sectional quantitative study with self-administered questionnaires. Data was analysed using T-Students, ANOVA and multiple linear regression. The results show that students have intercultural sensitivity with no difference by age. At the same time, girls and foreign-born children present more intercultural sensitivity than their peers. The results also show that the mere presence of students from different nationalities does not favour intercultural sensitivity. It is the school climate, especially through support to cultural pluralism, positive and negative interactions with peers, together with intercultural contact in the form of doing homework together, that affect intercultural sensitivity, explaining 23% of its variance. The results are in line with international studies and are an input for multicultural classrooms focused in intercultural communication between students of different nationalities.

Health Literacy and Its Mediating Role in Predicting Health Behaviors Among Chinese Secondary Students

2020 ◽  
pp. 101053952098092
Author(s):  
Shuaijun Guo ◽  
Lucio Naccarella ◽  
Xiaoming Yu ◽  
Rebecca Armstrong ◽  
Geoffrey Browne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Secondary Students ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Chinese School

While health literacy research in mainland China has gained increasing attention, most studies focus on adults. This study aimed to examine the mediating role of health literacy in the relationship between a range of upstream factors and health behaviors among Chinese secondary students. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 650 students in Years 7 to 9 from 4 secondary schools in Beijing. Based on an adapted health literacy framework from Manganello, a self-administered questionnaire was designed to collect information on upstream factors, health literacy, and health behaviors. Path analysis results showed that the proposed framework was mostly supported by empirical data after modification indices were examined and 3 direct paths were added. Students’ self-efficacy, social support, and school environment were associated with health literacy, which in turn predicted health behaviors. A holistic approach is needed to improve both adolescent health literacy and health behaviors for Chinese school-aged adolescents.

scholarly journals Levels of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins/Furans (PCDD/Fs) and Dioxin-Like Polychlorinated Biphenyls (DL-PCBs) in Human Breast Milk in Chile: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4825
Author(s):  
Claudia Foerster ◽  
Liliana Zúñiga-Venegas ◽  
Pedro Enríquez ◽  
Jacqueline Rojas ◽  
Claudia Zamora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pooled Samples ◽  
Chilean Women

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are organic compounds that resist biochemical degradation, moving long distances across the atmosphere before deposition occurs. Our goal was to provide up-to-date data on the levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) in breast milk from Chilean women and to estimate the exposure of infants due to breast milk consumption. In Chile, we conducted a cross-sectional study based on methodologies proposed by the WHO, with a sample of 30 women recruited from three defined areas: 10 from the Arica Region (urban; Arica and Parinacota Region), 10 from Coltauco (rural; O’Higgins Region), and 10 from Molina (40% rural; Maule Region). High-resolution gas chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS) was performed on pooled samples from each area. We calculated equivalent toxic concentrations (WHO-TEQ) based on the current WHO Toxic Equivalency Factors (TEF). The minimum and maximum values of ∑ PCDDs/Fs + DL-PCBs-TEQ were 4.317 pg TEQ/g fat in Coltauco and 6.31 pg TEQ/g fat in Arica. Molina had a total TEQ of 5.50 pg TEQ/g fat. The contribution of PCDD/Fs was approximately five-fold higher than that of DL-PCBs. The Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) of ∑ PCDDs/Fs + DL-PCBs based on the three pooled samples ranged between 6.71 and 26.28 pg TEQ/kg body weight (bw)/day, with a mean intake of 16.11 (±6.71) pg TEQ/kg bw/day in breastfed children from 0 to 24 months old. These levels were lower than those reported in international studies. Despite the fact that the observed levels were low compared to those in most industrialized countries, the detection of a variety of POPs in breast milk from Chilean women indicates the need for follow-up studies to determine whether such exposures during childhood could represent a health risk in adulthood.

scholarly journals Drug use and risk factors among secondary students

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lourdes Jordán Jinez ◽  
José Roberto Molina de Souza ◽  
Sandra Cristina Pillon
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Secondary Students ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Family Conflicts ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Experimental Use

Adolescence is a phase of exposure to several risk behaviors, especially the experimental use of drugs and its associated problems. The study aims to identify risk factors and drug use among secondary students in Comonfort, Guanajuato, Mexico. This is a cross-sectional study, using a version of the Drug User Screening Inventory (DUSI) adapted from Portuguese to Spanish. The sample was composed of 695 (42.9%) students, 52.8% women. Drug use was present in 20.3%, predominantly alcohol and tobacco. Risk factors are related to the male gender, older than 13 years, second and third grades, living with relatives, poor relationships, curiosity, family conflicts, peer pressure and solidarity. CONCLUSION: alcohol and tobacco are the most used drugs and are associated to curiosity and peer pressure.

scholarly journals Perceptions of Students and Teachers about Students’ Proficiency in English Language at Higher Secondary Level in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Kifayatullah Khan ◽  
Wasal Khan
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Students ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
English Language ◽  
Secondary Level ◽  
English Language Proficiency ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Perceptions Of Students

This cross-sectional quantitative research was conducted to compare the average perceptions of students and teachers regarding students’ English language proficiency at the higher secondary level in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The participants were 1975 students and 108 teachers belonging to one each district of the seven divisions in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Data were collected through pre-tested questionnaire i.e., one each for students and teachers. To analyze the significance difference between the average perceptions of students and teachers about higher secondary students’ English language proficiency; independent samples t-test was applied. The findings of the study revealed significant difference in teachers’ and students’ perceptions regarding students’ partial command over English language; use of English in and beyond classroom; expressing views fluently in English; students’ listening, speaking and reading skills; while no significant difference was seen regarding students’ full command over English language and their writing skill.

Feature-Based 3-D Sketching for Early Stage Design

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malgorzata M. Sturgill ◽  
Elaine Cohen ◽  
Richard F. Riesenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Analysis Process ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Feature Based ◽  
Mere Presence ◽  
Early Stage Design ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Sectional Shape

Abstract During early stages of design, the mere presence of items, their relative positioning, and their interrelationships can be more significant than fine details, like exact dimensions, whether a hole is counterbored, or the exact cross-sectional shape of a groove. Most CAD systems have little, if any, support for this critical, incipient design stage, In addressing this economically compelling and highly leveraged area, we present an intuitive, feature-based approach to 3-D design which permits a complete first pass through the design-manufacturing cycle even before a detailed specification is complete. We report a functioning 3-D design front-end for a solid modeling system that has been used for fast intra-part and inter-part, visual, generalized feature specification, a frontend that is intimately connected to the system so that both visual and detailed design can be carried out concurrently on the same model to meet designer needs. Hence, the design that is “captured” during the sketch and modify phase using this approach is fully usable for activities that traditionally require a fully detailed solid model, such as rendering, finite element and other analysis, assembly analysis, process planning, and manufacturing at this initial stage instead of the traditionally late stages.

scholarly journals Expectant Fathers’ Social Determinants of Health in Early Pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 2333794X2097562
Author(s):  
Fernanda Neri Mini ◽  
Jaclyn A. Saltzman ◽  
Meg Simione ◽  
Man Luo ◽  
Meghan E. Perkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Community Health Centers ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prenatal Care Visit ◽  
Expectant Fathers ◽  
Low Income Mothers ◽  
Information Requests

This cross-sectional, descriptive study examined unmet social and economic needs and health information requests of low-income, expecting fathers who participated in the First 1000 Days program. The First 1000 Days is a systems-level intervention aiming to prevent obesity among low-income mothers and infants across 3 community health centers in Greater Boston, MA, USA. Fathers who attended their partner’s first prenatal care visit were invited to complete a program survey during early pregnancy. Among 131 fathers surveyed, 45% were white, 21% were Hispanic/Latino, 55% were foreign-born, and 69% reported an annual income under $50 000. Fathers reported elevated levels of food insecurity (18%) and 33% were unaware of someone that could provide a $50 loan; however, over 85% of fathers knew someone that could provide non-financial social support. Fathers requested information about pregnancy, birth preparation, and fatherhood. Findings support addressing fathers’ unmet needs during pregnancy and providing father-specific perinatal information.

scholarly journals School Climate and Peer Victimization. Involvement, Affiliation and Help Perceived in School Centers as Protective Factors against Violent Behavior in Adolescent Couples

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Ruiz-Narezo ◽  
Rosa Santibáñez Gruber
Keyword(s):  
School Climate ◽  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Vocational Training ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adolescent Group ◽  
The Relationship

This article presents the results of a non-experimental, quantitative cross-sectional study conducted on an adolescent group. The sample of adolescents was acquired from high schools and vocational training, where the relationship between the school climate, more specifically, the involvement, affiliation, and perception of help and violence that is both experienced and exercised between partners. The study sample consisted of 433 adolescents aged 12–19 years from four educational centers from a municipality of Greater Bilbao. Since there are analyses that refer specifically to romantic relationships, in those cases, the 67.7% (N = 275) of the sample that claims to have or have had a romantic relationship is considered. Finally, there was evidence to suggest the existence of influence between the school climate and the implication of violence in adolescent couples.

scholarly journals School Climate, Peer Relationships, and Adolescent Mental Health: A Social Ecological Perspective

2020 ◽  
pp. 0044118X2097023
Author(s):  
Emily Long ◽  
Claudia Zucca ◽  
Helen Sweeting
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
School Climate ◽  
Peer Relationships ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Adolescent Mental Health ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Based ◽  
Inclusive School ◽  
School Differences

The current study investigated peer relationship and school climate factors associated with adolescent mental health. Cross-sectional data from 2,571 fifteen-year old students in 22 Scottish secondary schools was used. Multilevel models tested for school differences in mental health, and nested linear regression models estimated peer and school effects. Results demonstrated no significant between-school variation in mental health. Peer victimization was the only peer effect associated with mental health. School-belonging, student-teacher relationships, and a perceived inclusive school climate were associated with better mental health, whereas a perceived school climate of exam pressure was associated with worse mental health. The findings highlight multiple aspects of school climate that could be targeted in school-based interventions for adolescent mental health.

scholarly journals Level of fatigue and daytime sleepiness among heavy vehicle drivers in Sri Lanka

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Damitha Asanga Gunawardane ◽  
Samath D Dharmaratne ◽  
Samath D Dharmaratne
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Heavy Vehicle ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean

Heavy vehicle crash rates are high in Sri Lanka. International studies showed that fatigue and day time sleepiness are linked to heavy vehicle crashes. The aim of this study is to examine the level of fatigue, day time sleepiness and their associated factors among heavy vehicle drivers in Sri Lanka. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in 403 heavy vehicle drivers through an interviewer administered structured questionnaire consisting of the ‘Fatigue Severity Scale’ (FFS) and the ‘Epworth Sleepiness Scale’ (ESS). The mean age of the study sample was 36.5±8.6 years and all were males. They drive an average of 129.03±87.24 km/day. It was found that the mean FFS score in the study participants was 2.43±0.99 and the mean ESS score was 6.57±4.07. Prevalence of fatigue (FSS score ?4) was 8.7% (n=35) and the prevalence of excessive day time sleepiness (EDS) (ESS score ?10) was 14.4% (n=58). Working for non-fixed schedule, married marital status, and working more than 11 hours/day are found to be significant risk factors for being fatigue. Drivers who were having night sleep of less than 6 hours were found to have a higher risk of EDS. A high prevalence of fatigue (8.7%) and EDS (14.4%) among heavy vehicle drivers was found which may link to heavy vehicle crashes. The occupational health service providers should be aware of the possibility of fatigue and daytime sleepiness in heavy vehicle drivers and its overall risk on the roads to take neces-sary actions.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v4i1.21832 South East Asia Journal of Public Health Vol.4(1) 2014: 9-16

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