Development of PV Module Integrated Type Low Voltage Battery Charger using Cascaded Buck-Boost Converter

A two-stage converter connects the input grid voltage to a pack of batteries with the voltage varying between 48-400 V, depending on the size and the range of the vehicle, with battery-operated electric and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs). This article offers a unique built-in converter that can interface with both high voltage (HV) and low voltage (LV) batteries. For all car architectures a universal charger that can accommodate this wide range of battery pack voltages is suitable. The novel integrated buck and boost converter (IBBC) is the proposed converter supplied using AC-DC driver at the front end mode. The main objective of this paper is to show a universal battery charger for an EV with a high power factor (PFC) and a small total harmonic distortion (THD) in addition to the high power density. A PFC converter is formed without any auxiliary circuit to balance the output voltage dependence of the battery against fluctuations in the ac grid input voltage, which in turn reduces the cost of additional circuit. A closed loop controller scheme is used to adjust for variations in the broad range output voltage and load. The proposed topology’s detailed operation is simulated using the MATLAB/Simulink software and achieved a THD of 1.18%.

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Starter for Voltage Boost Converter to Harvest Thermoelectric Energy for Body-Worn Sensors

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14144092 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (14) ◽

pp. 4092

Author(s):

Grzegorz Blakiewicz ◽

Jacek Jakusz ◽

Waldemar Jendernalik

Keyword(s):

Threshold Voltage ◽

Low Voltage ◽

Boost Converter ◽

Mos Transistors ◽

Weak Inversion ◽

Thermoelectric Energy ◽

On Chip ◽

Voltage Swing ◽

High Output Voltage ◽

High Output

This paper examines the suitability of selected configurations of ultra-low voltage (ULV) oscillators as starters for a voltage boost converter to harvest energy from a thermoelectric generator (TEG). Important properties of particularly promising configurations, suitable for on-chip implementation are compared. On this basis, an improved oscillator with a low startup voltage and a high output voltage swing is proposed. The applicability of n-channel native MOS transistors with negative or near-zero threshold voltage in ULV oscillators is analyzed. The results demonstrate that a near-zero threshold voltage transistor operating in the weak inversion region is most advantageous for the considered application. The obtained results were used as a reference for design of a boost converter starter intended for integration in 180-nm CMOS X-FAB technology. In the selected technology, the most suitable transistor available with a negative threshold voltage was used. Despite using a transistor with a negative threshold voltage, a low startup voltage of 29 mV, a power consumption of 70 µW, and power conversion efficiency of about 1.5% were achieved. A great advantage of the proposed starter is that it eliminates a multistage charge pump necessary to obtain a voltage of sufficient value to supply the boost converter control circuit.

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A Novel Hybrid LDC Converter Topology for the Integrated On-Board Charger of Electric Vehicles

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14123603 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (12) ◽

pp. 3603

Author(s):

Vu-Hai Nam ◽

Duong-Van Tinh ◽

Woojin Choi

Keyword(s):

Low Voltage ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Maximum Efficiency ◽

Battery Charger ◽

Forward Converter ◽

Vehicle To Grid ◽

Circulating Current ◽

In Series ◽

Converter Topology ◽

Output Capacitor

Recently, the integrated On-Board Charger (OBC) combining an OBC converter with a Low-Voltage DC/DC Converter (LDC) has been considered to reduce the size, weight and cost of DC-DC converters in the EV system. This paper proposes a new integrated OBC converter with V2G (Vehicle-to-Grid) and auxiliary battery charge functions. In the proposed integrated OBC converter, the OBC converter is composed of a bidirectional full-bridge converter with an active clamp circuit and a hybrid LDC converter with a Phase-Shift Full-Bridge (PSFB) converter and a forward converter. ZVS for all primary switches and nearly ZCS for the lagging switches can be achieved for all the operating conditions. In the secondary side of the proposed LDC converter, an additional circuit composed of a capacitor and two diodes is employed to clamp the oscillation voltage across rectifier diodes and to eliminate the circulating current. Since the output capacitor of the forward converter is connected in series with the output capacitor of the auxiliary battery charger, the energy from the propulsion battery can be delivered to the auxiliary battery during the freewheeling interval and it helps reduce the current ripple of the output inductor, leading to a smaller volume of the output inductor. A 1 kW prototype converter is implemented to verify the performance of the proposed topology. The maximum efficiency of the proposed converter achieved by the experiments is 96%.

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Optimal utilization of low voltage GaN HEMT in high frequency boost converter

2015 9th International Conference on Power Electronics and ECCE Asia (ICPE-ECCE Asia) ◽

10.1109/icpe.2015.7168030 ◽

2015 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wenbo Wang ◽

Frans Pansier ◽

Jelena Popovic ◽

J.A. Ferreira

Keyword(s):

High Frequency ◽

Low Voltage ◽

Boost Converter ◽

Gan Hemt

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Electricity Production by the Application of a Low Voltage DC-DC Boost Converter to a Continuously Operating Flat-Plate Microbial Fuel Cell

Energies ◽

10.3390/en10050596 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 596 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Young Song ◽

Hitesh Boghani ◽

Hong Kim ◽

Byung Kim ◽

Taeho Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fuel Cell ◽

Flat Plate ◽

Microbial Fuel Cell ◽

Low Voltage ◽

Boost Converter ◽

Electricity Production

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A High Step-up DC-DC Converter Based on the Voltage Lift Technique for Renewable Energy Applications

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su131911059 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (19) ◽

pp. 11059

Author(s):

Shahrukh Khan ◽

Arshad Mahmood ◽

Mohammad Zaid ◽

Mohd Tariq ◽

Chang-Hua Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Common Ground ◽

Closed Loop ◽

Low Voltage ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Input Voltage ◽

High Gain ◽

Boost Converter ◽

Open Loop ◽

Voltage Gain

High gain DC-DC converters are getting popular due to the increased use of renewable energy sources (RESs). Common ground between the input and output, low voltage stress across power switches and high voltage gain at lower duty ratios are desirable features required in any high gain DC-DC converter. DC-DC converters are widely used in DC microgrids to supply power to meet local demands. In this work, a high step-up DC-DC converter is proposed based on the voltage lift (VL) technique using a single power switch. The proposed converter has a voltage gain greater than a traditional boost converter (TBC) and Traditional quadratic boost converter (TQBC). The effect of inductor parasitic resistances on the voltage gain of the converter is discussed. The losses occurring in various components are calculated using PLECS software. To confirm the performance of the converter, a hardware prototype of 200 W is developed in the laboratory. The simulation and hardware results are presented to determine the performance of the converter in both open-loop and closed-loop conditions. In closed-loop operation, a PI controller is used to maintain a constant output voltage when the load or input voltage is changed.

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Conversor Doubler Output Coupled Inductor para Aplicações de Fontes Alternativas

10.53316/sepoc2021.003 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

HENRIQUE JAHNKE HOCH ◽

TIAGO MIGUEL KLEIN FAISTEL ◽

ADEMIR TOEBE ◽

ANTóNIO MANUEL SANTOS SPENCER ANDRADE

Keyword(s):

High Voltage ◽

Duty Cycle ◽

Low Voltage ◽

Energy Generation ◽

Boost Converter ◽

Voltage Gain ◽

Switched Capacitors ◽

Number Of Components ◽

Photovoltaic Energy ◽

High Voltage Gain

High step-up DC-DC converters are necessary in photovoltaic energy generation, due the low voltage of the panels source. This article propose the Doubler Output Coupled Inductor converter. This converter is based in boost converter and utilize switched capacitors and a coupled inductor to maximize the static voltage gain. The converter achieve a high voltage gain with low turns ratio in the coupled inductor and an acceptable duty cycle. Can highlight the converter utilize low number of components and have low voltage and current stresses in semiconductors. To validate and evaluate the operation of the converter a 200W prototype is simulated.

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A Novel Modified Switched Inductor Boost Converter with Reduced Switch Voltage Stress

University of the Future: Re-Imagining Research and Higher Education ◽

10.29117/quarfe.2020.0090 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shima Sadaf ◽

Nasser Al-Emadi ◽

Atif Iqbal ◽

Mohammad Meraj ◽

Mahajan Sagar Bhaskar

Keyword(s):

Output Voltage ◽

Low Voltage ◽

Electric Utility ◽

Boost Converter ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Total Output ◽

Dc Microgrid ◽

Power Circuit ◽

Voltage Stress ◽

Utility Grid

DC-DC power converters are necessary to step-up the voltage or current with high conversion ratio for many applications e.g. photovoltaic and fuel cell energy conversion, uninterruptible power supply, DC microgrid, automobile, high intensity discharged lamp ballast, hybrid vehicle, etc. in order to use low voltage sources. In this project, a modified SIBC (mSIBC) is proposed with reduced voltage stress across active switches. The proposed mSIBC configuration is transformerless and simply derived by replacing one diode of the classical switched inductor structure with an active switch. As a result, mSIBC required low voltage rating active switches, as the total output voltage is shared between two active switches. Moreover, the proposed mSIBC is low in cost, provides higher efficiency and required the same number of components compared to the classical SIBC. The experimental results are presented which validated the theoretical analysis and functionality, and the efficiency of the designed converter is 97.17%. The proposed mSIBC converter provides higher voltage conversion ratio compared to classical converters e.g. boost, buck-boost, cuk, and SEPIC. The newly designed configurations will aid the intermediate power stage between the renewable sources and utility grid or high voltage DC or AC load. Since, the total output voltage is distributed among the two active switches, low voltage rating switches can be employed to design the power circuit of the proposed converter. The classical boost converter or recently proposed switched inductor based boost converter can be replaced by the proposed mSIBC converter in real-time applications such as DC microgrid, DC-DC charger, battery backup system, UPS, EV, an electric utility grid. The proposed power circuitry is cost effective, compact in size, easily diagnostic, highly efficient and reliable.

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Quadratic Boost Converter

International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology ◽

10.22214/ijraset.2021.36662 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (VII) ◽

pp. 2010-2014

Author(s):

Mamidala Hemanth Reddy

Keyword(s):

Output Voltage ◽

Semiconductor Device ◽

Low Voltage ◽

Input Voltage ◽

Boost Converter ◽

Voltage Gain ◽

Practical Utilization ◽

Analysis And Design ◽

Simulink Model ◽

Grid Connection

The output voltage from the sustainable energy like photovoltaic (PV) arrays and fuel cells will be at less amount of level. This must be boost considerably for practical utilization or grid connection. A conventional boost converter will provides low voltage gain while Quadratic boost converter (QBC) provides high voltage gain. QBC is able to regulate the output voltage and the choice of second inductor can give its current as positive and whereas for boost increases in the voltage will not able to regulate the output voltage. It has low semiconductor device voltage stress and switch usage factor is high. Analysis and design modeling of Quadratic boost converter is proposed in this paper. A power with 50 W is developed with 18 V input voltage and yield 70 V output voltage and the outcomes are approved through recreation utilizing MATLAB/SIMULINK MODEL.

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DC-DC Boost Converter Design for Fast and Accurate MPPT Algorithms in Stand-Alone Photovoltaic System

International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) ◽

10.11591/ijpeds.v9.i3.pp1038-1050 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 1038 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Norazlan Hashim ◽

Zainal Salam ◽

Dalina Johari ◽

Nik Fasdi Nik Ismail

Keyword(s):

Solar Irradiance ◽

Boost Converter ◽

Maximum Power ◽

Photovoltaic System ◽

Hill Climbing ◽

Duty Ratio ◽

Maximum Power Point ◽

Pv Module ◽

Power Point ◽

Main Components

The main components of a Stand-Alone Photovoltaic (SAPV) system consists of PV array, DC-DC converter, load and the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control algorithm. MPPT algorithm was used for extracting maximum available power from PV module under a particular environmental condition by controlling the duty ratio of DC-DC converter. Based on maximum power transfer theorem, by changing the duty cycle, the load resistance as seen by the source is varied and matched with the internal resistance of PV module at maximum power point (MPP) so as to transfer the maximum power. Under sudden changes in solar irradiance, the selection of MPPT algorithm’s sampling time (TS_MPPT) is very much depends on two main components of the converter circuit namely; inductor and capacitor. As the value of these components increases, the settling time of the transient response for PV voltage and current will also increase linearly. Consequently, TS_MPPT needs to be increased for accurate MPPT and therefore reduce the tracking speed. This work presents a design considerations of DC-DC Boost Converter used in SAPV system for fast and accurate MPPT algorithm. The conventional Hill Climbing (HC) algorithm has been applied to track the MPP when subjected to sudden changes in solar irradiance. By selecting the optimum value of the converter circuit components, a fast and accurate MPPT especially during sudden changes in irradiance has been realized.

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