scholarly journals A Technological and Typological Analysis of Lithic Material from Skovmosen I, Denmark

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Eggers-Kaas ◽  
Jesper Borre Pedersen ◽  
Christian Steven Hoggard ◽  
Florian Sauer ◽  
Jan Hilgart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Digital Recording ◽  
Construction Work ◽  
Assemblage Composition ◽  
The Road ◽  
Work Material ◽  
Primary Reduction

 During road construction work, material attributed to the Final Palaeolithic was discovered at Skovmosen I, near Kongens Lyngby on Zealand, eastern Denmark. Although it is regularly mentioned in reviews of the southern Scandinavian Final Palaeolithic, the Skovmosen I assemblage has hitherto remained poorly described. We here review the site’s discovery history and its context. Aided by a three-dimensional digital recording protocol, this article details the assemblage composition and its technology. The assemblage is comprised of tanged points, scrapers and burins, alongside blades and cores as primary reduction products. Although evidently disturbed by the road construction that led to the site’s discovery, the material likely reflects the remains of a small Final Palaeolithic locale, where diverse activities were carried out.

Road Construction and Rainfall as Landslide Triggers in the Rio Lucma Catchment, Eastern Cordillera Blanca, Peru

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena Abad ◽  
Daniel Hölbling ◽  
Adam Emmer
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Automated Analysis ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Construction Work ◽  
Visual Interpretation ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Cordillera Blanca ◽  
The Road

<p>Extensive road construction works were recently undertaken in the remote eastern part of the Peruvian Cordillera Blanca, aiming at better connecting isolated mountain communities with regional administrative centres. In the Río Lucma catchment, approximately 47 km of roads were constructed between 2015 and 2018, triggering several landslides that affected an approximate area of 32 ha. We identified and characterised these landslides by combining field mapping, visual interpretation and semi-automated analysis of satellite imagery (PlanetScope and RapidEye-2), and analysis of rainfall data from two stations of the Servicio Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología del Perú (SENAMHI). We investigated in detail three specific areas of interest, where we identified, delineated, and described 56 landslides. We classified the landslides in relation to their position to the road as: landslides downslope the roads (48.2%), complex landslides crossing the roads (46.4 %), and landslides onto the road (5.3%). According to the type of movement, we found that the slide-type movement (60.7%) prevails over the flow-type movement (39.3%). Timewise, we found that 75% of landslides were observed on satellite imagery simultaneously with road construction work, while the remaining 25% were identified between one week and seven months after the roads had been constructed. We analysed lagged cumulative rainfall data against the occurrence of these subsequent landslides, determining that a two-week rainfall accumulation can act as triggering factor of landslides after road construction work. In general, 51% of the landslides were observed during the wet season (November to April) while 41.1% occurred during El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) strong cool phase or “La Niña” period. We observed that the majority of mapped landslides were directly (e.g., landslides resulting from slope undercutting) or indirectly associated with road constructions (e.g., rainfall-induced landslides resulting from a combination of extreme precipitation over slopes with decreased stability) and that the road constructions also may set preconditions for subsequent rainfall-triggered landslides.</p>

scholarly journals STRESSED-DEFORMED STATUS OF THE HANGING HYDROCYLINDER: INFLUENCE OF THE CONJUGATED ELEMENTS’ PAIRS

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-56
Author(s):  
D. A. Potakhov
Keyword(s):  
Contact Interaction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Hydraulic Cylinder ◽  
Hydraulic Motor ◽  
The Road ◽  
Spatial Design ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Cylinder Piston ◽  
Hydraulic Cylinders

Introduction. The contact interaction of the associated elements of the hydraulic cylinder (piston with sleeve, guide sleeve with cylinder and rod) determines the reliability of the reciprocating hydraulic motor. Assessing the effect of gaps of articulated hydraulic cylinder elements is an urgent task in view of the fact that the formation of gaps is inevitable, since friction is always accompanied by tribological wear processes. The paper investigates the determination and assessment of the influence of the gaps of the hydraulic cylinders’ mating elements on the stress-strain state of the contacting bodies on the example of the hydraulic cylinder for the Sokol 80.01 railway crane.Materials and methods. The author used the finite element method implemented in the Simulation SolidWorks module. Moreover, the author applied the Huber–Mises criterion as a criterion for the material plasticity. The paper also considered theoretically possible spatial design schemes of loading and depending on the type of the mating elements’ contacting of the hydraulic cylinder.Results. As a result, the author presented plots and graphical dependences, which were three-dimensional surfaces constructed according to the results of numerical experiments. The calculations took into account the joint deformation of the piston, sleeve, rod, guide sleeve and supporting guide rings of the hydraulic cylinder. The author carried out the analysis of the obtained diagrams and dependences of the contact interaction of the hydraulic cylinder for various options of the elements contacting. The paper presented the results that were useful for studying all types of hydraulic cylinders and working equipment of the road, construction and hoisting-andtransport machines.Financial transparency: the author has no financial interest in the presented materials or methods. There is no conflict of interest.

scholarly journals Mathematical models of wheel turning processes road construction vehicles

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-269
Author(s):  
R.Yu. Sukharev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Control Effect ◽  
Vertical Coordinate ◽  
The Road ◽  
Wheel Turning ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Construction Machine

The construction of highways is a complex, multi-stage process. Most of the construction works are carried out according to the projects of structures and quite high requirements are imposed on the quality of execution. The fulfillment of these requirements is associated with great difficulties in view of the limited accuracy of the road construction machine itself, the lack of on-board control systems and the limited capabilities of the human operator, who is unable to determine the required exact parameters of the structure being built «by eye». To meet the requirements, three-dimensional control systems are used, which allow determining 3 coordinates of the working order of the machine – the vertical coordinate and the location of the machine on the construction site. At the same time, the digital project of the constructed structure should be the setter in such a system. The system determines the current position and compares it with the project. On the basis of this information, a control effect on the operating organ of the machine is formed. The course of movement and the speed of the machine when using such systems are determined by the machine operator. Further development of these systems should be four-dimensional systems – in which all control actions are assigned to the control system, starting from calculating the trajectory of the machine, choosing the speed, determining the required number of passes and ending with controlling the position of the working body of the machine at each moment of time. For the functioning of these systems, adequate mathematical models of the turning processes of road construction machines with different steering options are necessary.

Rockfall on the Slope of the Embankment of Finite Element Analysis of the Impact of the Impact

2011 ◽  
Vol 261-263 ◽  
pp. 1119-1123
Author(s):  
Zi Jian Wang ◽  
Sheng Xie Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Impact

This article in a typical road slope model as an example, through large-scale general-purpose finite element simulation software ANSYS/LS-DYNA rockfall on the slope of the roadbed impact for three-dimensional dynamic analysis in the roadbed, slope geological parameters and falling stone initial state is not at the same time on the roadbed impact the results of comparative analysis. The result is the mountain slope of the road construction project provides reference.

scholarly journals NUMERICAL CALCULATION OF THE HYDROLIQUID LEAKAGE THROUGH THE RADIAL CLEARANCE OF THE CONNECTED ELEMENTS ON THE TOWER CRANE HYDROCILINDER

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-30
Author(s):  
D. A. Potakhov ◽  
Ya. S. Vatulin
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Calculation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Flow Simulation ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Physical Nature ◽  
Hydraulic Cylinder ◽  
Radial Clearance ◽  
The Road ◽  
Tower Crane ◽  
Hydraulic Cylinders

Introduction. The authors present the numerical calculation of the hydro-liquid leakage throughthe radial clearance of the “piston - hydraulic cylinder” conjugate node on the basis of determiningthe sealing elements’ resource of the tower crane hydraulic cylinder.Materials and methods. The authors use the method of mathematical modeling, which makes it possible to model the containing elements’ interaction of different physical nature on the unified methodological basis. Moreover, the paper presents such simulation systems as Simulation (finite element method), Flow Simulation (finite volume method) of the SolidWorks CAD program and Simulink Matlab with expansion packs.Results. As a result, the authors demonstrate the three-dimensional and irregular cross-section conjugation model of the radial clearance in the “piston - hydraulic cylinder” conjugate node. In addition, the authors propose the calculating method of the hydraulic cylinder tightness. Such method establishes the following scheme: “load on the hydraulic cylinder —number of operating cycles — uneven radial clearance between the piston and the liner — amount of fluid leakage — shrinkage of the rod”.Discussion and conclusions. The results of the research make it possible to increase the reliability of the power hydraulic cylinders of the road construction machines and equipment.

The Political Economy of Power: Approaches to the Analysis of Relationships between the State and Business in Russia

2011 ◽  
pp. 19-33
Author(s):  
A. Oleinik
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
Business Community ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
The Road ◽  
Ruling Elites

The article deals with the issues of political and economic power as well as their constellation on the market. The theory of public choice and the theory of public contract are confronted with an approach centered on the power triad. If structured in the power triad, interactions among states representatives, businesses with structural advantages and businesses without structural advantages allow capturing administrative rents. The political power of the ruling elites coexists with economic power of certain members of the business community. The situation in the oil and gas industry, the retail trade and the road construction and operation industry in Russia illustrates key moments in the proposed analysis.

ABOUT THE METHOD OF THE OPTIMISATION OF STUDENTS’LEARNING ENGLISH TERMINOLOGY

2020 ◽  
pp. 73-82
Author(s):  
Л.Н. Крячко
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
National Language ◽  
The Road ◽  
Language Classes ◽  
Technical University ◽  
Training Exercises ◽  
Animal World

Постановка задачи. Изучение предмета «Иностранный язык» в техническом университете предполагает усвоение обучающимися терминологической лексики в соответствии с выбранной специальностью. Опыт преподавания показывает, что студенты испытывают трудности, связанные с запоминанием терминологических единиц и употреблением их в речи. Использование на занятиях по иностранному языку приема обучения терминологической лексике посредством опоры на внутреннюю форму данных лексических единиц позволяет оптимизировать процесс усвоения обучающимися специальных терминов. Результаты. Проведенное исследование дает основание утверждать, что анализ внутренней формы образованных семантическим способом англоязычных терминов специальности «Автомобильные дороги» позволяет выявить деривационно-ассоциативную связь терминологических единиц с лексикой общенационального языка, послужившей основой для вторичной номинации. Данные лексические единицы в большинстве случаев представляют собой хорошо знакомые студентам слова, обозначающие части тела человека и объекты, находящиеся в его близком окружении : одежду, посуду, инструменты, явления природы, представителей животного мира и т.д. Выводы. Ознакомление студентов дорожно-строительной специальности с внутренней формой изучаемых англоязычных терминов, выявление ассоциативных связей терминологических единиц со знакомыми студентам и широкоупотребительными словами общенационального языка, а также выполнение в аудитории специально разработанных тренировочных упражнений помогают снять трудности усвоения обучающимися терминологической лексики и облегчают ее запоминание. Statement of the problem. The study of the “Foreign Language” subject at a technical university involves students’ learning the terminology in accordance with the chosen specialty. The teaching practice shows that students experience the difficulties associated with memorising terminological units and using them in the speech. Applying the method of teaching the terminology based on the internal form of these lexical units at foreign language classes makes it possible to optimise the process of learning special terms by students. Results. The research that has been carried out gives reason to argue that the analysis of the internal form of the English “Automobile roads” specialty terms created in the semantic way makes it possible to reveal the derivational and associative relations of the terminological units with the national language words which served as the basis for the secondary nomination. In most cases, these lexical units are the words that are well known by the students and indicate the parts of man’s body and the objects that are present in man’s immediate environment: clothing, dishes, tools, phenomena of the nature, representatives of the animal world, etc. Conclusion. Introducing the internal form of the studied English terms to the road construction specialty students, identifying the associative relations of the terminological units with the well known to the students and widely used words of the national language, fulfilling the specially developed training exercises in the classroom help the students to overcome the difficulties of learning the terminology and to facilitate its memorization.

Features of the Harvesting and Logging Equipment Market in Russia

2020 ◽  
pp. 132-147
Author(s):  
M.A. Piskunov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Forest Sector ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Service Network ◽  
Russian Market ◽  
The Road ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Transnational Companies

Russian forest sector forms an attractive market for harvesting and logging equipment, however the position of Russian manufacturers is extremely weak. A brief overview of the current state of the market is presented with reference to the open sources. Its features are mentioned as compared to the road construction and agricultural machinery sectors. Three transnational companies dominate the Russian market of harvesting and logging equipment: John Deere, Ponsse and Komatsu. Most of the purchased equipment falls on machines for cut-tolength technology, such as harvester and forwarder. The market volume of new machines is estimated at 330–420 forwarders, 165–300 harvesters, about 30–40 feller bunchers and the same number of skidders. There were two waves in the consolidation of the position of foreign companies in Russia. The first was connected with the delivery of equipment and the development of foreign brands in Russia against the background of still high-profile positions of Russian manufacturers in the market. The second is the takeover of enterprises having a service network and reputation by diversified transnational corporations. The main strategies of the leading companies in the current situation are the export of equipment to Russia and the development of a service network. Companies do not turn to another level associated with the opening of production sites or joint ventures for the production of harvesting and logging machines. The Russian market is characterized by the absence of a strong Russian manufacturer of harvesting and logging machines, which is ready to significantly influence or actively participate in the processes of import substitution. The position of such a manufacturer is gradually occupied by the Belarusian Amkodor Holding. The purchase of new harvesting and logging machines can afford major timber companies. The main production sites of harvesting and logging machines are located in Finland, Sweden, USA, and Canada. In order to support forestry machine engineering, in addition to economic measures of stimulation approved in other sectors, it is proposed: to organize the work of scientific forest engineering centers on the base of public-private partnership with the financial support from the major vertically-integrated timber corporate groups; to stimulate the development of Russian sector-specific information technologies for harvesting and logging; to initiate the partnership with companies from the People’s Republic of China to launch the design and production of new-generation harvesting and logging machines.

scholarly journals An investigation into the cause of road failure along Sagamu-Papalanto highway southwestern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ubido Oyem Emmanuel ◽  
Igwe Ogbonnaya ◽  
Ukah Bernadette Uche
Keyword(s):  
Construction Materials ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Low Resistivity ◽  
The Road ◽  
Cause Of Failure

AbstractInvestigation into the cause of road failure has been carried out along a 60 km long Sagamu –Papalanto highway southwestern Nigeria. Geochemical, mineralogical, geotechnical and geophysical analyses were conducted to evaluate the cause of failure along the study area. The results of the laboratory tests showed that the percentage amount of fines ranges from 12 to 61.3%, natural moisture content from 6.8 to 19.7%, liquid limit in the range of 25.1–52.2%, linear shrinkage between 3.96 to 12.71%, plastic limit ranges from 18.2–35%, plasticity index ranges from 5.2 to 24.6%, free swell in the range from 5.17–43.9%, maximum dry density ranges from 1.51–1.74 g /cm3, specific gravity ranges from 2.52–2.64 and CBR between 3 and 12%. The Cone Penetrometer Test (CPT) shows a resistance value of 20–138 kgf/cm2. The major clay mineral that is predominant in the studied soil is kaolinite. The major oxides present are SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, K2O, Na2O, MgO and CaO. The result of the 2D Electrical Resistivity Imaging revealed a low resistivity values for profile 2 and 3 ranging from 100 Ωm – 300 Ωm, between a distance of 20 m – 240 m along the profile to a depth of 7.60 m and a low resistivity value ranging from 50 Ωm – 111Ωm, between a distance of 80 m − 120 m along the profile to a depth of 15 m. It was concluded that the low CBR, low MDD and the class of subsoils namely A-26, A-7, A-2-7 (clayey soils) which were identified are responsible for the cause of failure experienced in the study area. These makes the soils unsuitable as road construction materials and hence, there is need for stabilization during the reconstruction and rehabilitation of the road.

scholarly journals THE PENETRATION OF ENGINEERING BY ECONOMICS: McFADDEN AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF ROAD DEMAND ESTIMATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-278
Author(s):  
Ariane Dupont-Kieffer ◽  
Sylvie Rivot ◽  
Jean-Loup Madre
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Demand Estimation ◽  
Demand Modeling ◽  
The Road ◽  
Collective Decisions ◽  
The Face ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The 1960S

The golden age of road demand modeling began in the 1950s and flourished in the 1960s in the face of major road construction needs. These macro models, as well as the econometrics and the data to be processed, were provided mainly by engineers. A division of tasks can be observed between the engineers in charge of estimating the flows within the network and the transport economists in charge of managing these flows once they are on the road network. Yet the inability to explain their decision-making processes and individual drives gave some room to economists to introduce economic analysis, so as to better understand individual or collective decisions between transport alternatives. Economists, in particular Daniel McFadden, began to offer methods to improve the measure of utility linked to transport and to inform the engineering approach. This paper explores the challenges to the boundaries between economics and engineering in road demand analysis.

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