scholarly journals Bourdieusian Concepts and the Field of Theatre Criticism

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-57
Author(s):  
Martynas Petrikas
Keyword(s):  
Social Practice ◽  
Specific Aspect ◽  
Symbolic Violence ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Literary Genre ◽  
The Past ◽  
Theatre Studies ◽  
French Tradition

Pierre Bourdieu’s concepts of field sociology began their life in humanities, particularly in literature and art studies after publication of his seminal Les règles de l’art: genèse et structure du champ littéraire in 1992. Regretfully, Bourdieu has not left a study dedicated to theatre, possibly due to the long-standing French tradition of considering theatre as another literary genre. Nevertheless, Bourdieusian sociology is abundant with terms, concepts, and ideas that are extremely handy in analyzing and understanding how theatre was produced in the past and is produced in the present. The appropriation of Bourdieu’s ideas for theatre studies is a tempting effort, especially considering how closely theatre is intertwined with the phenomena of habitus, distinction, and all the forms of capital described by Bourdieu himself. The aim of my article is to discuss the applicability of selected Bourdieusian notions and concepts for research of a very specific aspect of theatre studies. I argue that the concepts of field (champs), nomos, doxa, illusio as well as of symbolic violence are very useful in understanding the nature, functions, and effects of theatre criticism. Dwelling on my own theoretical research, I propose to understand theatre criticism as another field of social practice that is definedby the conflict between the opposing interests of t

The Pornographer and McGahern's Allusive Practice

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-297
Author(s):  
Tom Walker
Keyword(s):  
Social Practice ◽  
Literary Tradition ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Present Value ◽  
The Past

Allusions to other texts abound in John McGahern's fiction. His works repeatedly, though diffidently, refer to literary tradition. Yet the nature of such allusiveness is still unclear. This article focuses on how allusion in The Pornographer (1979) is depicted as an intellectual and social practice, embodying particular attitudes towards the function of texts and the knowledge they represent. Moreover, the critique of the practice of allusion that the novel undertakes is shown to have broader significance in terms of McGahern's whole oeuvre and its evolving attempts to salvage something of present value from the literature of the past.

The Diaspora of the Novel

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-146
Author(s):  
Artemis Leontis
Keyword(s):  
Uneven Development ◽  
Literary Genre ◽  
The Novel ◽  
History Of The Novel ◽  
The West ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Type

Reflection on the history of the novel usually begins with consideration of the social, political, and economic transformations within society that favored the “rise” of a new type of narrative. This remains true even with the numerous and important studies appearing during the past ten years, which relate the novel to an everbroadening spectrum of ideological issues—gender, class, race, and, most recently, nationalism. Yet a history of the genre might reflect not just on the novel’s national, but also its transnational, trajectory, its spread across the globe, away from its original points of emergence. Such a history would take into account the expansion of western markets—the growing exportation of goods and ideas, as well as of social, political, and cultural forms from the West—that promoted the novel’s importation by nonwestern societies. Furthermore, it could lead one to examine the very interesting inverse relationship between two kinds of migration, both of which are tied to the First World’s uneven “development” of the Third. In a world system that draws out natural resources in exchange for technologically mediated goods, the emigration of laborers and intellectuals from peripheral societies to the centers of power of the West and the immigration of a western literary genre into these same societies must be viewed as related phenomena.

The Past Is Prologue: Criminal Specialization Continuity in the Delinquent Career

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt DeLisi ◽  
Ramate Bunga ◽  
Mark H. Heirigs ◽  
Jacob H. Erickson ◽  
Andy Hochstetler
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Specific Form ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Aggravated Assault ◽  
The Past ◽  
California Youth Authority ◽  
Important Evidence ◽  
Robust Evidence

The versatility/specialization debate in criminology has important theoretical, research, and juvenile/criminal justice ramifications. Although offenders are mostly versatile, there is important evidence of specialization, but much of this evidence is derived from highly technical statistical approaches. Drawing on data from a cohort of serious delinquents committed to the California Youth Authority, logistic regression models revealed robust evidence for criminal specialization net the effects of behavioral and demographic controls. Prior homicide was associated with a 1,467% increased likelihood of being currently adjudicated for a homicide offense. Similar prior–current involvement in robbery (294% increased likelihood), aggravated assault (200%), burglary (148%), and drug sales (736%) was found. Logistic regression with odds ratios provides intuitive, valuable estimates of specialization in offending whereby prior involvement in a specific form of delinquency dramatically increases the likelihood of current involvement in the same form of crime.

scholarly journals Nostalgic transmediation: A not-so-final fantasy? Ichigo’s Sheet Music online platform as an object network of creative practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-193
Author(s):  
Ruth Barratt-Peacock ◽  
Sophia Staite
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Sheet Music ◽  
Online Platform ◽  
Creative Practice ◽  
Music Transcription ◽  
The Past ◽  
Social Nature

Using the music of the Final Fantasy game series as our case study, we follow the music through processes of transmediation in two very different contexts: the Netflix series Dad of Light and music transcription forum Ichigo’s Sheet Music. We argue that these examples reveal transmediation acting as a process of ‘emptying’, allowing the music to carry its nostalgic cargo of affect into new relationships and contexts. This study’s theoretical combination of transmediation with Bainbridge’s object networks of social practice frame challenges normative definitions of nostalgia. The phenomenon of ‘emptying’ we identify reveals a function of popular culture nostalgia that differs from the dominant understanding as a triggering of generalized emotional longing for (or the desire to return to) the past. Instead, this article uncovers a nostalgia that is defined by personal and communal creative engagement and highlights the active and social nature of transmediated popular culture nostalgia.

scholarly journals The Tricky ’True Object’: Bourdieu’s Masculine Domination and Historicity

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 210
Author(s):  
Miklos Hadas
Keyword(s):  
Social Practice ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Symbolic Violence ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
French Version ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Church

Pierre Bourdieu’s Masculine Domination was published in English in 2001, three years after the appearance of the French version. In order to deconstruct in vivo the working of sociological paradigm-alchemy, a close reading of the Bourdieusian argument is offered. After summing up the main thesis of the book, Bourdieu’s statements will be intended to be questioned, according to which the school, the family, the state and the church would reproduce, in the long run, masculine domination. The paper will also seek to identify the methodological trick of the Bourdieusian vision on history, namely that, metaphorically speaking, he compares the streaming river to the riverside cliffs. It will be argued that when Bourdieu discusses ‘the constancy of habitus’, the ‘permanence in and through change’, or the ‘strength of the structure’, he extends his paradigm about the displacement of the social structure to the displacement of the men/women relationship. Hence, it will be suggested that, in opposition to Bourdieu’s thesis, masculine domination is not of universal validity but its structural weight and character have fundamentally changed in the long run, i.e. the masculine habitual centre gradually shifted from a social practice governed by the drives of physical violence to symbolic violence.

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
pp. 189-206
Author(s):  
Michael P. Roller
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Symbolic Violence ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Semiotic Systems ◽  
Oppressed Group

The conclusion revisits the three major inquiries addressed in the text, drawing together the evidence and contexts provided in the previous seven chapters. The first investigates the role of objective settings, such as the systemic and symbolic violence of landscapes and semiotic systems of racialization in justifying or triggering moments of explicit subjective violence such as the Lattimer Massacre. The second inquiry, traces the trajectory of immigrant groups into contemporary patriotic neoliberal subjects. In other terms, it asks how an oppressed group can become complicit with oppression later in history. The third inquiry traces the development of soft forms of social control and coercion across the longue durée of the twentieth century. Specifically, it asks how vertically integrated economic and governmental structures such as neoliberalism and governmentality which serve to stabilize the social antagonisms of the past are enunciated in everyday life.

Primates Socially Transmit Tool Practices, but Humans Share Meaning-Laden Customs

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-59
Author(s):  
Bart J. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Tool Use ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Embodied Knowledge ◽  
The Past ◽  
Symbolic Thought ◽  
Moral Force ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future

The custom of property emerges out of the social practice of tool use in primates when symbolic thought is applied to it. Primates socially transmit tool practices, but humans share meaning-laden customs. The thingness of property as a custom comes from tools. Tool use is embodied knowledge, and property embodies the claim, “This is mine!” Humans socially transmit property with moral force. With symbolic thought, we can think about our actions, or others’, in the past and in the future, and we can evaluate them to be good or bad. We contemplate our conduct and our character in regards to the connections we make with things.

Certeau, Michel de (1925–86)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Conley
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
The Other ◽  
General Philosophy ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
The Past ◽  
Michel De Certeau ◽  
History Of ◽  
Strategic Policies

Michel de Certeau, a French philosopher trained in history and ethnography, was a peripatetic teacher in Europe, South America and North America. His thought has inflected four areas of philosophy. He studied how mysticism informs late-medieval epistemology and social practice. With the advent of the Scientific Revolution, the affinities the mystic shares with nature and the cosmos become, like religion itself, repressed or concealed. An adjunct discipline, heterology, thus constitutes an anthropology of alterity, studying the ‘other’ and the destiny of religion since the sixteenth century. De Certeau opens the hidden agendas that make representations of the past a function of social pressures, so that sometime histories are rearticulated in mirrored or subversive forms. This subversion makes accessible a general philosophy of invention that works within and against the strategic policies of official institutions. De Certeau’s writings also belong to activism, the history of ideological structures, psychoanalysis, and post-1968 theories of writing (écriture) as defined by Deleuze, Derrida, Foucault and Lyotard.

Shattered Hopes amid Violent Repression: The 1956 Hungarian Revolution and the United Nations (Part 2)

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 127-153
Author(s):  
András Nagy
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Specific Aspect ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
The Past ◽  
International Response ◽  
Hungarian Revolution ◽  
The World ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
The Revolution

Few historical events over the past 70 years have rivaled the 1956 Hungarian revolution in its domestic and international impact. The research presented in the first part of this article (published in the Fall 2017 issue of the journal), which was based largely on recently declassified archival documents, focused on a specific aspect of the international response to the revolution—namely, the efforts of the United Nations (UN) to deal with urgent events during and immediately after the revolution. This second part focuses on the tragic consequences of the revolution, including trials, imprisonments, and executions, in the years that followed. The limitations of the UN in this instance have rarely been discussed, particularly by the organization's supporters. The silence surrounding these issues has affected dissidents and others throughout the world confronting dictatorial regimes. An understanding of what went wrong is crucial if the UN is to be more effective in the future.

Understanding ethical/unethical behavior in pharmaceutical companies: a literature review

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-394
Author(s):  
Geeta Marmat ◽  
Pooja Jain ◽  
P.N. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Keyword Search ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Ethical Behaviour ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Unethical Behaviour ◽  
The Past

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine and review the available literature on ethical/unethical behaviour of pharmaceutical companies and to determine the ethical issues, unethical behaviour by analysing, summarising and categorising the factors related to these issues and unethical behaviour as were studied during the period 2008-2017. Essentially, this paper presents a critical analysis of the available literature on the subject and avenues for future research. Design/methodology/approach This paper adopted the systematic review approach to achieve the purpose of this study and examines the most relevant literature from online existing database sources, available between 2008-2017 by using the keyword search method. Then studies are categorised and summarised, using previously developed theories and frameworks, which have provided evidence to the universal consensus that ethical behavioural outcomes are dependent on the interplay of individual, organisational and environmental factors and have reordered to fulfil the purpose. Findings The findings identify that ethical issues related to pharmaceutical companies as were studied during the period 2008-2017 are drug pricing, drug safety and gift-giving. The organisational variables appeared to be the dominant cause of these ethical issues and unethical practices along with other determinants such as environmental and stakeholders. A large number of studies were in the western country context. Theoretical research has studied more comparatively empirical studies. Research limitations/implications This review provides insights for understanding the ethical issues, unethical behaviour and determinants related to these issues of pharmaceutical companies and provides insights where the literature is standing. This review only includes studies between 2008-2017, which are related to the ethical issue of pharmaceutical companies, therefore, the view is only of the past 10 years papers. This review provides gaps and insight into the source of ideas for future research and will help the researchers in guiding ethics-related information in the context of pharmaceutical companies. Practical implications This study will help the practitioners and policymakers in informing about the issues that required the urgent need to solve and will shed some light to focus and formulate strategies for successful competitive advantage. This study will help researchers who are seeking information related to ethics and ethical behaviour in pharmaceutical companies. Originality/value To the best of my knowledge, this review of understanding ethical/unethical behaviour in pharmaceutical companies of the past 10 years between 2008-2017 has not been done to date. This study is filling the gap by bringing all the information about ethics in pharmaceutical companies at one place, which works as an index of ethics-related study in this specific pharmaceutical company context.

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