scholarly journals Estudio de las diferencias de costes de producción del cultivo de naranjo convencional, ecológico e integrado en la Comunidad Valenciana mediante el análisis factorial discriminante

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Mª Peris Moll ◽  
Juan Fco. Juliá Igual ◽  
Sebastià Balasch Parisi
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Farm Level ◽  
Citrus Production ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Differences

The aim of this paper was to compare orange production costs in the region of Valencia (Spain), which depend on the way they are grown (conventional, IP or organically), identifying at the same time the cost differences between them. With this purpose, and after analysing the three orange populations cultivated in the region, a sample was designed taking into account not only the location of the plots, but also the irrigation system available at the farm level (drip or flow irrigation). Once the field work was completed, a multivariate analysis, concretely a factor discriminant analysis was implemented to reach the objectives of the research. The results obtained were consistent with the degree of adoption of the different alternative citrus production systems in the region studied.

scholarly journals Global Prospects of the Cost-Efficiency of Broiler Welfare in Middle-Segment Production Systems

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luuk S.M. Vissers ◽  
Ingrid C. de Jong ◽  
Peter L.M. van Horne ◽  
Helmut W. Saatkamp
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Middle Segment ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
The Cost

In the 2000s, the idea of a so-called middle-segment arose in North-West Europe to address the criticism on intensive broiler production systems. Middle-segment systems being indoor housing of slower-growing broiler strains at a stocking density ≤38 kg/m2. Previous literature showed that Dutch middle-segment systems entail a relatively large gain in animal welfare at a relatively low increase in costs, i.e., have a high cost-efficiency. The question is to what extent these findings are applicable to other countries. Therefore, the aim of this study is to gain insight in the global prospects of middle-segment systems by exploring the cost-efficiency of these systems in other parts of the world. A set of representative countries, containing the Netherlands, United States and Brazil were selected. Cost-efficiency was defined as the ratio of the change in the level of animal welfare and the change in production costs. The level of animal welfare was measured by the Welfare Quality (WQ) index score. Data was collected from literature and consulting experts. Results show that in the Netherlands, United States and Brazil a change from conventional towards a middle-segment system improves animal welfare in a cost-efficient manner (the Netherlands 9.1, United States 24.2 and Brazil 12.1). Overall, it can be concluded that in general middle-segment production systems provide a considerable increase in animal welfare at a relatively small increase in production costs and therefore offer good prospects for a cost-efficient improvement of broiler welfare.

scholarly journals An Examination of the Economics of Sustainable and Conventional Horticulture

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 687-691
Author(s):  
Robin G. Brumfield
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Price Premiums ◽  
Organic Systems ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Adverse Impacts ◽  
The Cost

Since World War II, U.S. agriculture has reduced production costs by substituting petrochemicals for labor. Adverse impacts from chemical intensive agriculture include increased pest levels, groundwater and surface water contamination, soil erosion, and concerns about harmful levels of pesticide residues. Sustainable farming programs such as integrated crop management (ICM) and organic farming encourage farmers to use systems that reduce the adverse impacts of chemical agriculture. However, before farmers adopt an alternative system, they must determine that economic benefits from the alternative farming activities exceed the costs incurred. Unfortunately, relatively few studies have compared the cost of organic crop production with conventional production systems. Results of these studies are mixed. In some studies, organic systems are more profitable than conventional systems with organic price premiums, but are not economically viable without price premiums. In one long-term study, the organic system was more profitable than a conventional one if the cost of family labor was ignored, but less profitable if it was included. In some studies, net returns were higher for ICM than for conventional or organic systems, but in others, they were higher. Results also vary on a crop by crop basis.

Costs of Growing Containerized Seedlings Using Different Schedules at Kingsclear, New Brunswick

1990 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-76
Author(s):  
Stephen E. Clements ◽  
Stephen W. J. Dominy
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Containerized Seedlings ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Expenditure Data ◽  
Minimal Difference ◽  
Winter Crop ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Differences

Abstract This study examines the relative costs of producing containerized black spruce seedlings under four production schedules, two of which are hypothetical. Using actual expenditure data for a three-crop per year schedule, the production costs for three, two-crop schedules (winter sowing dates of January 1, February 1, and March 1), were derived to examine the cost differences of postponing the sowing date of the winter crop. Average annual costs per thousand seedlings were at least $22 higher under a two-crop compared to a three-crop schedule. Among the two-crop schedules, a winter crop sowing on March 1st yielded the lowest overall cost, although annual savings were no more than $1 per thousand. This minimal difference reflects the high cost of heating greenhouses in the winter, even when empty. North. J. Appl. For. 7:73-76, June 1990.

scholarly journals Bioeconomic Simulation of the Cash Flow of Rural Beef Cattle Properties with Productive, Reproductive, and Sanitary Activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 788
Author(s):  
Yuri Braga de Shiguer Yamasaki ◽  
Ricardo Carneiro Brumatti ◽  
Alberto De Oliveira Gaspar ◽  
Brenda Faria da Costa Leite ◽  
Rosiane Araujo Rodrigues Nass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Extensive System ◽  
System 2 ◽  
The Cost ◽  
System 1 ◽  
Intensive System

This simulation study compares the technical-economic efficiency and cash flow of pasture recovery and maintenance activities, as well as improvements in mortality rate and birth rate, in different beef production systems. Three production systems were elaborated for the Cerrado biome, characterized as extensive, semi-intensive 1, and semi-intensive 2, with respective annual pasture recovery and maintenance rates of 0% and 25% for the extensive system, 5% and 25% for semi-intensive system 1, and 7% and 33% for semi-intensive system 2. Mortality rates at weaning are 6% for the extensive system and 3% for semi-intensive systems 1 and 2. The extensive system's gross profit was lower at US$ 40471.00, followed by US$ 41830.00 and US$ 148669.00 for semi-intensive systems 1 and 2, respectively. Cash flow differences point to increases in the cost of forage and other nutritional inputs in semi-intensive systems 1 and 2. Economic efficiency was observed with intensification, showing that the production costs of intensive systems increased, but that these were more profitable than the extensive system with cash balance values of: extensive system US$ 323.149; semi-intensive system 1 US$ 405.740, semi-intensive system 2 US$ 1213.224. Expenditure on pasture recovery and maintenance was high, but led to an increase in profitability; similarly, the improvement of mortality rates in semi-intensive systems 1 and 2 facilitated the economic viability of these systems.

scholarly journals Financial Capacity and Willingness of Farmers to Pay for Irrigation Services in the Post-reform Scenario in Pakistan: Two Case Studies

2002 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmood Ul Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Recent Experience ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Water Delivery ◽  
Irrigation Network ◽  
Water Service ◽  
Water Users ◽  
The Cost

To eliminate the subsidy on the canal irrigation system, the Government of Pakistan has decided to reform the management, intending to make it more efficient, equitable, transparent, and able to take care of the sustainability of the world’s largest contiguous irrigation network. The water users are being entrusted with greater role in the management through the formation of Farmers’ Organisations (FOs) to operate and maintain secondary canals and pay for full cost of water delivery. Ultimate payer will be the farmer. The economic viability of the reforms, therefore, much depends on farmers’ ability and willingness to pay for the cost of irrigation water delivery, which is expected to rise. This paper estimates financial liabilities of the farmers in the post-reform scenario, and assesses their capacity and willingness to pay for liabilities in the provinces of Punjab and Sindh. One distributary in each of the two provinces is studied as the reference distributary, where FOs have already been formed. The cost of desired level of operation and maintenance levels are worked out using secondary data for 1997-98. With these costs, the water users in the Punjab and Sindh provinces need to pay Rs 333 and Rs 373 per ha for their water service, respectively. The estimated O&M costs form about 5.4 and 3 percent of production costs and 3.8 and 3.5 percent of the net income in the Punjab and Sindh provinces respectively. The farmers’ net income from crop enterprise is higher than the cost of water. Thus, an average farmer has the potential to pay for water. Recent experience of Hakra 4-R Distributary FO suggests that the farmers are also willing to pay for water service, if they are organised properly.

scholarly journals An Economic Analysis of Two Grafted Tomato Transplant Production Systems in the United States

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 794-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cary L. Rivard ◽  
Olha Sydorovych ◽  
Suzanne O'Connell ◽  
Mary M. Peet ◽  
Frank J. Louws
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Commercial Farming ◽  
Economic Production ◽  
Certified Organic ◽  
The Cost

The grafting of herbaceous vegetables is an emerging development in the United States. This report provides an estimate of the variable costs of grafting within U.S. tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) transplant production systems. Grafted and nongrafted plants were propagated at two commercial farming operations in Ivanhoe, NC (NC) and Strasburg, PA (PA) and the farm in NC produced certified organic transplants. Detailed economic production sequences were generated for each site, and grafted and nongrafted transplant production costs were $0.59 and $0.13 in NC, and $1.25 and $0.51 in PA, respectively. Direct costs associated with grafting (e.g., grafting labor, clips, chamber, etc.) accounted for 37% to 38% of the added cost of grafting, and grafting labor was 11.1% to 14.4% of the cost of grafted transplant production. Seed costs represented 52% and 33% of the added cost of grafting at the two sites, and indirect costs (e.g., soil, trays, and heating) accounted for 10% and 30% of the added cost of grafting. Our findings suggest that under current seed prices and with similar production practices, the feasibility of grafting in the United States is not disproportionately affected by domestic labor costs. Additionally, the economic models presented in this report identify the cost of production at various transplant stages, and provide a valuable tool for growers interested in grafted tomato transplant production and utilization.

scholarly journals Assessment of the role and significance of the cost formation process in the activities of organizations

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (Extra-C) ◽  
pp. 314-319
Author(s):  
Dmitry A. Gura ◽  
Aleksandr N. Sekisov ◽  
Oksana A. Kuznetsova ◽  
Victoria I. Kalombo Mulamba ◽  
Evgeniya S. Tishchenko
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Effective Mechanism ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

The article presents a comparative analysis of various approaches to the formation of production costs. The study estimates the role of costs in the production and economic activities of companies in a market environment. At the same time, the assessment considered the impact of the problem of limited resources on the activities of production systems, which is possible to solve only with the active use of alternative ways in organizing the functioning of the cost-effective mechanism of enterprises.    

scholarly journals Economic of the irrigated production of forage millet

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 623
Author(s):  
Rogério Ricalde Torres ◽  
Adroaldo Dias Robaina ◽  
Marcia Xavier Peiter ◽  
Luis Humberto Bahú Ben ◽  
Wellington Mezzomo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Financial Viability ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Financial Return ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
Total Average Cost ◽  
Total Average

Irrigation is an agricultural technique that increases crop yield and reduces periods of forage shortage. However, this technique increases production costs, and the process is economically viable only when costs are lower than the financial return. Determining the technical and financial viability of irrigation is essential to assess the feasibility of forage production systems. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the technical and financial viability of irrigated producing of forage millet in different growing seasons in two microregions of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The water requirements of the growing seasons of 2012 to 2017 in the microregions of Santiago and Santa Maria varied and affected the cost of irrigation. The irrigated production of forage millet increased the total average cost by 13.42% and increased the financial return by 43.03% and 22.49% in Santiago and Santa Maria, respectively.

2020–2021 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Citrus Under Protective Screen (CUPS) Production Systems

EDIS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnold W. Schumann ◽  
Ariel Singerman ◽  
Alan L. Wright ◽  
Rhuanito S. Ferrarezi
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Citrus Production ◽  
Florida Citrus ◽  
Protective Screen

Is it worth doing fieldwork with this organisation? A method for considering context before conducting fieldwork research in Sport for development and peace.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tegwen Gadais ◽  
Laurie Décarpentrie ◽  
Andrew Webb ◽  
Marie Belle Ayoub ◽  
Mariann Bardocz-Bencsik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Limited Time ◽  
Sport For Development ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Existing Data

Much has been written about sport as a tool for development and peace. But more research on Sport for Development and Peace (SDP) organizations, is needed to better understand their actual contributions to the UNs sustainable development goals. Yet, the unstable, risky, and restricted contexts in which many NGOs and SDP agencies operate often leaves researchers struggling to find effective yet feasible methods through which to examine agencies in these fields. Indeed, conducting field work on and with SDP agency often implies allocating significant quantities of researcher’s limited time, funding, and other vital resources. And as limited resources need to be invested wisely, SDP researchers will clearly need to prepare their fieldwork. Nevertheless, there are but a handful of methodological papers that address the question of how to prepare for SDP field work. In other words, the question of how we know if it is worthwhile, and safe enough, to proceed with SDP field work remains. Building on previous research, the purpose of this study is to raise important ontological and epistemological questions about what can be known about a given context, before setting off on fieldwork. We further explore the use of the Actantial Model as a research method for analyzing existing data before deciding whether to conduct fieldwork in complex and frequently insecure situations. In other words, will the cost (material, temporal, financial, and physical) of conducting fieldwork be worth it? By applying the Actantial Model, with the specific aim of informing decisions regarding subsequent fieldwork, to one specific case, contributions regarding the pertinence of conducting fieldwork are provided.

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