scholarly journals On Translatibility from English into Arabic: Words and Beyond

2006 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-50
Author(s):  
Ali Gadacha
Keyword(s):  
Current Trend ◽  
Teaching Experience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cultural Barriers ◽  
Translation Theory ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
The Past ◽  
One Year

Abstract This paper is an attempt to investigate the current problems the students graduating in English at the ISLT1 are likely to encounter when setting out to render English into Arabic. My teaching experience with them was beneficial, albeit quite short (one year-long only, 2000-2001). The material gathered, on the other hand, was wide-ranging and, better still, so provocative that I readily agreed to venture onto dangerous ground.2 Studies in the past have often failed to delve deep into possible meanings and extend beyond traditional boundaries so as to assess the scope of words and explore the meaning potentials. Recent advances in the literature argue that translators should be sensitive to the losses and gains of cultural elements and assess the “weight” of these elements in the source text in order to bring about the same/similar effects. It is true that loss of meaning is inevitable and the transference to the translator’s language can only be approximate (Newmark 1988, 7). The current trend in translation theory is to explore situations to make it possible to transcend linguistic as well as cultural barriers. Translators will continue to reproduce only restricted facets of meaning so long as they do not vanquish ordinary processes of thought and approach the words in the SL text as units of discourse. I make no pretence at being able to offer definitive solutions. This account aims at identifying the potentially problematic areas in translating English into Arabic. The sense of new in this experience embodies a larger vision, apparently a different quality of recognition since the focal interest is laid on the interpretive weight of words as constituent parts of the act of communication.

scholarly journals The effect of soil and foliar applications of magnesium fertilisers on yields and quality of vine (Vitis vinifera, L.) grapes

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Zatloukalová ◽  
Tomáš Lošák ◽  
Jaroslav Hlušek ◽  
Pavel Pavloušek ◽  
Martin Sedláček ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Trial ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Mg Deficiency ◽  
The Past ◽  
Light Soil ◽  
Chlorophyll Index ◽  
One Year

A one-year field trial was established with the vine variety Ryzlink vlašský (Riesling italico) to evaluate the effect of spring soil applications and 5x repeated foliar application of magnesium fertilisers on yields and quality of grapes. On light soil of the experimental locality Žabčice (ca 25 km south of Brno) visual symptoms of Mg deficiency on vine leaves had been monitored in the past. The experiment involved 4 treatments: 1) unfertilised control; 2) spring soil application of Kieserite – 20 kg Mg.ha−1; 3) 5x foliar application of a 5% solution of Epso Combitop – Mg, S, Mn, Zn; 11.8 kg Mg.ha−1; 4) 5x foliar applications of a 5% solution of Epso Top – Mg, S; 14.8 kg Mg.ha−1.No significant differences among the treatments were detected in the contents of K (1.40–1.67%) and Ca (1.63–1.91%) in leaves sampled after the applications. After foliar applications the contents of Mg and S significantly increased in treatments 3–4 to 0.42–0.49% and 0.34–0.40 %, respectively compared to treatments 1–2 (0.29–0.30% and 0.22%, respectively). The content of Zn (173–380 mg.kg−1) and Mn (90–551 mg.kg−1) increased significantly in treatment 3 compared to the other treatments. The chlorophyll index did not differ among the treatments. Grape yields (t.ha−1) in treatments 1–4 were the following: 7.04–8.16–7.51–7.26 t.ha−1, respectively. Only the soil-applied treatment 2 differed significantly from the other treatments. The content of sugar (16.5–17.9 °NM), titratable acids (12.78–13.25 g.l−1) and the pH of must (3.02–3.11) did not differ among the treatments.

Immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in positively stained frozen sections

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
K. T. Tokuyasu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ultrathin Frozen Sections ◽  
Definition Of

During the past investigations of immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in ultrathin frozen sections, we found that the degree of negative staining required to delineate u1trastructural details was often too dense for the recognition of ferritin particles. The quality of positive staining of ultrathin frozen sections, on the other hand, has generally been far inferior to that attainable in conventional plastic embedded sections, particularly in the definition of membranes. As we discussed before, a main cause of this difficulty seemed to be the vulnerability of frozen sections to the damaging effects of air-water surface tension at the time of drying of the sections.Indeed, we found that the quality of positive staining is greatly improved when positively stained frozen sections are protected against the effects of surface tension by embedding them in thin layers of mechanically stable materials at the time of drying (unpublished).

scholarly journals Eco-translatology-based Analysis of Children’s Literature Translation—A Case Study: Peter Pan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Wentao Guo
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Translation Theory ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Peter Pan ◽  
Ternary Relation ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Peripheral Position ◽  
Important Position

Children’s literature occupies a peripheral position in literature system according to the polysystem theory so that the translators of children’s literature can manipulate the texts with great liberty. The translator of children’s literature in the ternary relation of translation, namely the source texts, the translator and the target text, is in a relatively important position. Thus, it is a feasible way to analyze the translation of children’s literature from the translator-centered perspective. Eco-translatology is a translator-centered translation theory, aiming to analyze how the translator selects and adapts during the translation process in the translational eco-environment. In this paper, the author will adopt Eco-translatology as the translation framework to analyze the translation of children’s literature, and try to explore how ‘children’, an important factor in the translational eco-environment, influences the translator’s selection and adaptation in the process of translating children’s literature. Furthermore, the author will take Peter Pan as a case study, comparing two Chinese versions of this book to analyze how the two translators adapt and select differently from those three dimensions during the translation process, as one follows the target-reader-oriented strategy and the other one follows the source-text-oriented strategy.

ADEQUATE GEOPHYSICAL MANPOWER IS OUR RESPONSIBILITY

Geophysics ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curtis H. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
National Society ◽  
The Past ◽  
Regional Meeting ◽  
Outstanding Quality

Once again I am privileged to attend a Midcontinent Regional Meeting of the Society of Exploration Geophysicists—this time with the honor and responsibility of addressing you on a subject receiving increasingly serious consideration among scientific and engineering groups. As in the past I am highly impressed with the outstanding quality of the program and arrangements for this meeting. On behalf of the other officers of the national Society, who are all attending this meeting, I welcome this opportunity to congratulate the officers and committeemen of the sponsoring and participating societies for the successful culmination of their efforts and to commend the authors for their cooperation in contributing to this outstanding program.

The incidence of lung cancer in the Moscow region from 1998 to 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-407
Author(s):  
M. M. Byakhova ◽  
S. N. Minakov ◽  
G. A. Frank
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
The Past ◽  
Modern Treatment ◽  
One Year ◽  
Statistical Indicators ◽  
Morphological Diagnostics

This review discusses the main statistical indicators for lung cancer (LC) in the Moscow region over the past 20 years from 1998 to 2018. Methods. The analysis of basic statistics was carried out on the basis of official statistics of the Moscow region in the period from 1998 to 2018. Results. A decrease in the incidence was revealed. The five-year survival rate increased. The morphological diagnostics of LC improved. The detection of the disease in the early stages improved. In addition, mortality has decreased, both overall, and one-year. Conclusion. The reduction of morbidity and mortality, as well as the improvement of early detection of patients with LC in the Moscow Region was facilitated by the introduction of tobacco control measures, the implementation of programs to fight cancer, improving the quality of diagnostics and improving the equipment of clinics and hospitals, as well as the use of new modern treatment methods, such targeted and immunotherapy.

The Midpoint on a Five-Point Likert-Type Scale

1987 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Graduate Students ◽  
Teaching Experience ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Alternative Analysis ◽  
One Year ◽  
Strongly Agree ◽  
Scale Format

Previous studies on the points of the Likert-scale format have not addressed the question of the effect on the score resulting from the use of “neutral” or “undecided” as the midpoint of a five-point scale. The present study addressed this topic with a scale on attitude toward the school board, using 389 undergraduate and 190 graduate students in education, the latter having at least one year of teaching experience, in seven geographically separated universities in the United States. The two formats of the scale were identical (strongly agree to strongly disagree) except that one scale midpoint was designated “undecided” and the midpoint of the other scale was designated as “neutral” with “undecided” as a no-answer alternative. Analysis showed differences were negligible and little if any erosion of score appears to result.

Restorative Justice as a Key for Healing Communities

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 53-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christo Thesnaar
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Restorative Justice ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Gain ◽  
Christian Church ◽  
South Africans ◽  
The Past ◽  
Life Journey

AbstractSouth Africa is indeed a country of many contrasts, of extreme wealth and extreme poverty. All South Africans were deeply affected by apartheid and this had a huge effect on how communities (including both offenders and victims) on all levels took shape: where they lived, the quality of their housing and neighbourhoods, the resources they had or did not have at their disposal, what schools their children attended, what opportunities they had for economic gain and how they were emotionally affected by the policies of apartheid. This article specifically intends to argue that communities should deal in a positive and urgent way with the divide caused by the past so that victims and offenders do not stay victims and offenders but are assisted to move on in their life journey towards healing and wholeness. The author believes that the key for reaching this goal is justice, especially restorative justice. With this qualification in mind the article wants to argue that the Christian church in particular can play a central role in implementing restorative justice in local communities. This will ultimately help to break the destructive cycle of being a victim today and an offender tomorrow, or the other way round.

scholarly journals Non-motor signs in Parkinson’s disease: a review

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 454-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato P. Munhoz ◽  
Adriana Moro ◽  
Laura Silveira-Moriyama ◽  
Helio A. Teive
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Motor Disorder ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sensory Disturbances

During the past decade the view of Parkinson’s disease (PD) as a motor disorder has changed significantly and currently it is recognized as a multisystem process with diverse non-motor signs (NMS). In addition to been extremely common, these NMS play a major role in undermining functionality and quality of life. On the other hand, NMS are under recognized by physicians and neglected by patients. Here, we review the most common NMS in PD, including cognitive, psychiatric, sleep, metabolic, and sensory disturbances, discuss the current knowledge from biological, epidemiological, clinical, and prognostic standpoints, highlighting the need for early recognition and management.

The Ghetto Intern: Culture and Memory

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-71
Author(s):  
Heather Macdonald ◽  
David M. Goodman ◽  
Katie Howe
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Past ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
False Dichotomy ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Mental Events ◽  
Inherent Quality

Abstract Many philosophers have argued that psychological time is a fundamental, inherent quality of consciousness that provides continuity and sequence to mental events—enabling memory. And, since memory is consciousness, psychological time enables the individual intentionality of consciousness. Levinas (1961), on the other hand, argues that an individual’s past, in the most original sense, is the past of other. The irreducible alterity of one’s past sets the stage for the other who co-determines the meaning of the past. This paper is about the exploration cultural memory within the context of a Caucasian doctoral student entering into an African-American community during an internship, who finds that cultural memories are remarkably more complicated than the propositional description of historic events. The paper further explores how cultural memory is not a record of “what happened” but a sociolinguistic creative meaning making process. Histories can be contested. Memory, on the other hand, never adheres to the strict true or false dichotomy. Memory is like searching for the Divine, it cannot be found, only revealed in mysterious and small details. Memory, is the intruding of the infinite, creating as an effect the idea of a finite (August, 2011), they are not “representations” of the past nor are they a kind of mnemonic system of subjectivism to mediate all of consciousness.

scholarly journals Bridging Pragmatic Gap in Translation Process through Developing Pragmatic Awareness

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Vahid Rafieyan
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
The Other ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Translation Quality ◽  
Pragmatic Awareness ◽  
Positive Effect

<p>In order for the translator to be able to translate the source text into the target language in a relevant way, the strata of the translated text through which relevance can be obtained (pragmatic, pragmatic-semantic, and semantic strata) should be equalized to that of the source text (Li &amp; Luo, 2004). The translator can achieve this by raising his/her awareness of the source and target language pragmatic perspectives. To investigate the actual effect of developing knowledge of pragmatic perspectives of the source language and the target language on the quality of translation of culture-bound texts, the current study was conducted on 64 Iranian undergraduate students of English translation. The study consisted of three phases: 1) administering a culture-bound text to be translated by all participants, 2) dividing participants into two groups: one merely receiving translation exercises while the other receiving metapragmatic discussions of the pragmatic perspectives of the source language along with translation exercises, and 3) assessing the translation quality of both groups immediately and two months following the treatment. The study revealed the significant positive effect of pragmatic instruction on improving the quality of translation of culture-bound texts and maintaining the obtained knowledge. The pedagogical implications of the findings suggested incorporating the pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic perspectives of the source language and their distinctions with the pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic perspectives of the target language into translation classes as an integral part of translation classes.</p>

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