The incidence of lung cancer in the Moscow region from 1998 to 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-407
Author(s):  
M. M. Byakhova ◽  
S. N. Minakov ◽  
G. A. Frank
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
The Past ◽  
Modern Treatment ◽  
One Year ◽  
Statistical Indicators ◽  
Morphological Diagnostics

This review discusses the main statistical indicators for lung cancer (LC) in the Moscow region over the past 20 years from 1998 to 2018. Methods. The analysis of basic statistics was carried out on the basis of official statistics of the Moscow region in the period from 1998 to 2018. Results. A decrease in the incidence was revealed. The five-year survival rate increased. The morphological diagnostics of LC improved. The detection of the disease in the early stages improved. In addition, mortality has decreased, both overall, and one-year. Conclusion. The reduction of morbidity and mortality, as well as the improvement of early detection of patients with LC in the Moscow Region was facilitated by the introduction of tobacco control measures, the implementation of programs to fight cancer, improving the quality of diagnostics and improving the equipment of clinics and hospitals, as well as the use of new modern treatment methods, such targeted and immunotherapy.

Impact of race on early-stage lung cancer treatment and survival.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (34_suppl) ◽  
pp. 232-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina D. Williams ◽  
Dawn T. Provenzale ◽  
Karen M. Stechuchak ◽  
Michael J. Kelley
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Palliative Treatment ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Early Stage Lung Cancer ◽  
Similar Treatment ◽  
Lung Cancer Treatment ◽  
Stage Lung Cancer

232 Background: Studies have documented racial differences along the lung cancer continuum and equity in care is essential to quality improvement. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of race on lung cancer treatment and survival among early-stage non-small cell lung cancer patients in an equal access healthcare system. We hypothesize that patients receiving similar treatment will have similar survival. Methods: Data were from the External Peer Review Program (EPRP) Lung Cancer Special Study, which was a cross-sectional study conducted to assess the quality of care among patients diagnosed with lung cancer and receiving care at a VA facility. All patients were diagnosed between October 1, 2006 and December 31, 2007. Analyses were restricted to patients with Stage I/II NSCLC (n=1,426; 1,229 whites, 197 blacks). Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results: The proportion of blacks who had surgery was significantly less than that among whites (OR: 0.56, 95% CI 0.39-0.79). There was no racial difference in receipt of adjuvant therapy (chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy) among patients who had surgery (p=0.08). Among patients who did not undergo surgery, blacks were more likely to refuse surgery (OR: 2.30, 95% CI 1.29-4.13); however, the proportion of patients with contraindications to surgery and those receiving palliative treatment were similar in both race groups. The 2-year survival rate was 69% and race was not a predictor of survival when controlling for receipt of surgery along with other covariates (p=0.76). The 2-year survival rate was 82% among patients who had surgery, and 48% among patients who did not have surgery. Specifically among patients who did not have surgery due to refusal, the survival rate was 55%. Conclusions: We observed a racial disparity in surgery, partially due to the greater rate of refusal among blacks, but not adjuvant or palliative treatment. Race did not have a major impact on 2-year survival for patients with early-stage lung cancer. These findings stress the need to better understand patient preferences regarding surgery and identify ways to reduce this variation in surgery to improve quality of lung cancer care.

Faster and better: Improving the diagnostic phase of lung cancer at a system level.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (8_suppl) ◽  
pp. 115-115
Author(s):  
Melissa Kaan ◽  
Claire Holloway ◽  
Julie Gilbert ◽  
Vicky Simanovski ◽  
Garth Matheson
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Patient Experience ◽  
Cancer Care ◽  
Primary Care Providers ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rule Out

115 Background: For many patients going through diagnostic testing for cancer, the time from suspicion to diagnosis or rule-out, can be a confusing and anxious time. In 2007, Cancer Care Ontario began investing in the implementation of diagnostic assessment programs (DAPs) across Ontario, Canada to improve the quality of care during the diagnostic phase of lung cancer. DAPs consist of multidisciplinary healthcare teams that manage and coordinate a patient’s diagnostic care from testing to a definitive diagnosis. The objectives of the DAPs are to: 1) decrease time from suspicion to diagnosis or resolution; 2) optimize the patient’s experience during the diagnostic process; 3) optimize satisfaction and experience among primary care providers and specialists; and 4) provide a sustainable solution by offering good value for money. Today over 35,000 patients have been diagnosed in one of the 18 lung DAPs that exist across the province. Methods: The implementation of DAPs featured the introduction of a patient navigator to act as the primary point of contact for patients, improve the patient experience and ensure their patients were progressing through any required diagnostic imaging and consultations in a timely manner. Cancer Care Ontario also engaged with primary care providers to refer patients with findings suspicious for lung cancer to DAPs as early as possible to ensure they benefited from organized assessment. Cancer Care Ontario has collected patient level data to measure wait times and implemented a patient survey to assess patient experience. Results: In the past five years, the median wait time from referral to a lung DAP to diagnosis or rule out has decreased by 19% to 24 days and the 90th %tile has decreased by 28% to 51 days. The large majority of patients have had a positive experience with their DAPs, with 95% of patients scoring their experience in the diagnostic process as “good” or “excellent”. Conclusions: The implementation of DAPs across the province is seen as a valuable component of quality of care by improving the diagnostic phase of cancer. The sustainability of the DAP model is demonstrated by the continued improvements in access and maintained patient experience in spite of growing volumes (91% increase in the past five years).

MO815BEYOND SURVIVAL: COMPARISON OF HEMODIALYSIS AND CONSERVATIVE MANAGEMENT IN ELDERLY AND FRAIL STAGE 5 CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PATIENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inês Sala ◽  
João Oliveira ◽  
Joana Freitas ◽  
Joana Tavares ◽  
Josefina Santos Lascasas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Conservative Management ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Clinical Frailty Scale ◽  
One Year

Abstract Background and Aims With the geriatric population increasing, the patients reaching stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) are older, frailer and have multiple comorbidities. Technological advances in renal replacement therapy (RRT) and easier access to dialysis resulted in an expansion on geriatric dialysis population. Conservative management (CM) is an option that should be considered in this population, where is crucial to balance the survival and quality of life. Beside mortality, with this study we aim to evaluated patient-outcomes (hospitalization, falls and functional capacity) in older and frailer stage 5 CKD patients receiving hemodialysis (HD) and in CM. Method We conducted a single center retrospective study in older (≥ 75years), frailer (Clinical Frailty Scale – CFS ≥ 5) and with multiple comorbidities (modified Charlson comorbidity index – mCCI ≥ 5 and) stage 5 CKD patients, admitted in our Nephrology department between January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2020. The eGFR was calculated through Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration formula (CKD-EPI) at the time of decision or at the time of starting HD. The comorbidities were stratified using the mCCI and frailty was assessed with CFS at the time of decision in CM group (CMG) and at the start of HD (HDG). We evaluated hospitalizations, falls, CFS one-year later and survival in each group. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan–Meier method and was calculated at the beginning of RRT or eGFR ≤ 15ml/min/1.73m2 in CMG. Differences between the two groups were tested with Mann-Whitney U method. Results A total of 76 patients with indication to start RRT were included: 61.8% (n=47) initiated HD and 38.2% (n=29) were in CM. The reasons for CM decision were deterioration of clinical condition (n=11), expected survival less than 6 months (n=8), patient option (n=5) and cognitive impairment (n=5). Clinical characteristics are presented in Table 1. The CMG was older [median, IQR: 88 (85.5-90.5) vs 80 (77.0 – 83.0), p < 0.001] and had a lower BMI [23.44 (21.08 - 25.08) vs 26.23 (23.26 – 29.20), p=0.006]. Both groups did not differ significantly in terms of sex, CKD etiology, comorbidity or frailty. A total of 66 patients died at the end of the study [CMG 100% (n= 29) vs 78.7% HDG (n=37)]. The overall survival has higher on the HDG compared to the CMG with a median survival rate of 503 days (Fig 1). One-year survival rate was 53.5% in HDG vs 24% CMG (p <0.001). The median (IQR) of number of hospitalizations per patient was greater in the HDG [4 (1.5-6.5) vs 3 (0.5-5.5) CMG]. In HDG 17% patients had at least one fall vs 3.4% in CMG. In both groups there was a general deterioration associated to a higher CFS at one-year follow up (p=0.003 HD group vs p=0.015 CMG). Conclusion In our study, hemodialysis was associated to improved survival in older and frailer stage 5 CKD patients compared to CM. However, this group had more hospitalizations, falls and poor functional status. These outcomes have a crucial impact on quality of life in this population and should be consider at the time of treatment decision. One of the limitations of our study was small sample size in both groups. In the future, we consider that is important to perform multicenter studies focused on patients-outcomes. We also think that it’s important to understand the patient and family perspective in terms of quality of life and symptom burden associated to each treatment option.

Computed Tomography Screening for the Early Detection of Lung Cancer

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 591-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca P. Petersen ◽  
David H. Harpole
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Lung Cancer Screening ◽  
Spiral Ct ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Stage Ia

Although lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in the world and has an increased chance of cure if detected at an earlier stage, routine lung cancer screening is currently not recommended in the United States. Unfortunately, most patients with lung cancer present only after the onset of symptoms and have advanced disease that cannot be surgically resected. The overall 5-year survival rate for all patients with lung cancer is only 15%. When the cancer is detected at its earliest stage (pathologic stage IA), however, the 5-year survival rate is more than 70%. Although past randomized screening trials evaluating the use of standard chest radiography or sputum cytology have not resulted in lower mortality, recent studies suggest that computed tomography (CT) may have promise as a screening tool. This article summarizes experience over the past decade of using low-dose spiral CT imaging as a screening tool to detect early lung cancers in asymptomatic, high-risk individuals.

scholarly journals The effect of soil and foliar applications of magnesium fertilisers on yields and quality of vine (Vitis vinifera, L.) grapes

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Zatloukalová ◽  
Tomáš Lošák ◽  
Jaroslav Hlušek ◽  
Pavel Pavloušek ◽  
Martin Sedláček ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Trial ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Mg Deficiency ◽  
The Past ◽  
Light Soil ◽  
Chlorophyll Index ◽  
One Year

A one-year field trial was established with the vine variety Ryzlink vlašský (Riesling italico) to evaluate the effect of spring soil applications and 5x repeated foliar application of magnesium fertilisers on yields and quality of grapes. On light soil of the experimental locality Žabčice (ca 25 km south of Brno) visual symptoms of Mg deficiency on vine leaves had been monitored in the past. The experiment involved 4 treatments: 1) unfertilised control; 2) spring soil application of Kieserite – 20 kg Mg.ha−1; 3) 5x foliar application of a 5% solution of Epso Combitop – Mg, S, Mn, Zn; 11.8 kg Mg.ha−1; 4) 5x foliar applications of a 5% solution of Epso Top – Mg, S; 14.8 kg Mg.ha−1.No significant differences among the treatments were detected in the contents of K (1.40–1.67%) and Ca (1.63–1.91%) in leaves sampled after the applications. After foliar applications the contents of Mg and S significantly increased in treatments 3–4 to 0.42–0.49% and 0.34–0.40 %, respectively compared to treatments 1–2 (0.29–0.30% and 0.22%, respectively). The content of Zn (173–380 mg.kg−1) and Mn (90–551 mg.kg−1) increased significantly in treatment 3 compared to the other treatments. The chlorophyll index did not differ among the treatments. Grape yields (t.ha−1) in treatments 1–4 were the following: 7.04–8.16–7.51–7.26 t.ha−1, respectively. Only the soil-applied treatment 2 differed significantly from the other treatments. The content of sugar (16.5–17.9 °NM), titratable acids (12.78–13.25 g.l−1) and the pH of must (3.02–3.11) did not differ among the treatments.

Stereotactic body radiotherapy and systemic dose chemotherapy for locally advanced lung cancer, single-arm phase II study.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e21081-e21081
Author(s):  
Greg Kubicek ◽  
Polina Khrizman ◽  
Christian Michael Squillante ◽  
Qianyi Xu ◽  
Wissam Abouzgheib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Failure Rate ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Lung Tumors ◽  
Full Dose ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
One Year

e21081 Background: The outcomes for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are overall poor. This is a single arm phase 2 study (Clinical trials.gov NCT02568033) evaluating the role of stereotactic body radiosurgery (SBRT) along with full dose systemic chemotherapy in the treatment of unresectable stage 2 and stage 3 NSCLC. Methods: patients were treated with SBRT to all sites of gross disease. Dosing consisted of 60 Gy in 3 fractions for peripheral lung tumors, 50 Gy in 5 fractions for central lung tumors, and 40-50 Gy in 5 fractions for hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes. Chemotherapy was histology dependent and consisted of 4 cycles, there was a 7 days break between chemotherapy and SBRT. Quality of life was measured using FACT-L. Results: Twenty two patients were enrolled and analyzed. 17 (77 %) were stage III and 19 (86%) had lymph node involvement. Median follow-up for all patients was 23.1 months. Median overall survival is 27.2 months. Overall survival at one year was 82% and overall survival at two years was 53%. Two year regional failure rate 19%. Two year distant failure rate 47.2%. Quality of life scores at one year were available for 12 patients and were unchanged compared to baseline. Acute toxicity grade 3 or greater was seen in 6 patients and late toxicity grade 3 or higher was seen in 2 patients. Conclusions: A combination of SBRT and full dose chemotherapy appears to be a safe and effective treatment for locally advanced NSCLC and warrants further investigation. Clinical trial information: NCT02568033 .

scholarly journals Review: On Segmentation of Nodules from Posterior and Anterior Chest Radiographs

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Chaya Devi ◽  
T. Satya Savithri
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Chest Radiography ◽  
Literature Survey ◽  
Radiographic Images ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Lung Cancer Detection

Lung cancer is one of the major types of cancer in the world. Survival rate can be increased if the disease can be identified early. Posterior and anterior chest radiography and computerized tomography scans are the most used diagnosis techniques for detecting tumor from lungs. Posterior and anterior chest radiography requires less radiation dose and is available in most of the diagnostic centers and it costs less compared to the remaining diagnosis techniques. So PA chest radiography became the most commonly used technique for lung cancer detection. Because of superimposed anatomical structures present in the image, sometimes radiologists cannot find abnormalities from the image. To help radiologists in diagnosing tumor from PA chest radiographic images range of CAD scheme has been developed for the past three decades. These computerized tools may be used by radiologists as a second opinion in detecting tumor. Literature survey on detecting tumors from chest graphs is presented in this paper.

State of the Russian Oncology Service: esophageal cancer, median survival, observed and relative survival of patients considering disease stage and histological structure of tumors (population-based study at the federal district level). Part 2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vakhtang M. Merabishvili
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Population Based ◽  
First Year ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
One Year ◽  
First Time

Esophageal cancer (EC) is the most severe pathology of malignant tumors, with the mortality rate of patients exceeding 70% in the first year of observation. Over the past 19 years, there was a slight improvement in the effectiveness of anticancer measures for this localization of tumors. In February 2019 the Population-based Cancer Registry database (PCRD) of the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation (NWFD RF) was developed with more than 1 million 350 thousand observations which provides insight into ​​the real state of the effectiveness of anti-cancer measures and directs the following development of the database. After a thorough data quality assurance, about 1 million observations were selected for analysis. From 2000 to 2018, 15760 primary EC cases were accumulated in the NWFD RF PCRD. Considering that the levels of standardized morbidity and mortality rates of the population of Russia and the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation are close in terms of the level of indicators, we believe that the data obtained for the first time in Russia on the survival of EC patients in the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation fully reflect the state of the effectiveness of combating EC in Russia. The purpose of the study is to carry out a set of analytical calculations of the survival rates of EC patients in the dynamics over the past 19 years according to the NWFD RF PCRD. All calculations were performed in accordance with the international requirements for such development and, first of all, according to Eurocare standards. The results of our study indicate that the EC median survival rate for both sexes has increased from 5 to 6 months. The mortality rate of patients in the first year of follow-up has decreased from 72.4 to 71.4% (both sexes), from 73.9 to 71.6% among men, from 69.3 to 65.1% among women. The five-year survival rate of EC patients in the NWFD RF had slight fluctuations, especially among the female population. Data grouped by five years for three five-year observation cycles has shown an increase in the five-year survival rate of EC patients from 7.3 to 8.1%, and the one-year survival rate has increased over four five-year cycles from 25.3 to 30.8%. For the first time in Russia, at the population level, the effect of treating EC patients has been shown according to the fourth sign of ICD-10. The greatest treatment success has been achieved for EC patients under the following rubrics: Cervical esophagus (C15.0) from 23.3 to 35.0% (one-year survival), Thoracic esophagus (C15.1) from 29.6 to 35.8% and especially significant improvements have been made for patients with the Upper third of esophagus (C15.3) from 18.2 to 34.0%. It is important to note that over the four observation periods, the proportion of EC patients under C15.9 rubric Esophagus, unspecified has decreased from 29.3 to 19.8%, which indicates a significant improvement in the quality of diagnosis.

scholarly journals Combined Treatment of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Using Shenyi Capsule and Platinum-Based Chemotherapy: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Yong Xu ◽  
Wenpan Peng ◽  
Di Han ◽  
Zhichao Wang ◽  
Cheng Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Platinum Based Chemotherapy

Background.The efficacy and safety of combined treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using Shenyi capsules and platinum-based chemotherapy were comprehensively evaluated. Methods. A computer-based search was used to identify reports on clinical randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on this combined treatment for NSCLC from the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP, China Biomedical (CBM), and Wanfang Data electronic databases. The databases were searched from their start to February 2020. The quality of the included studies was evaluated and then crosschecked by two independent evaluators. A meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan5.3. Results. A total of 27 RCTs involving 2,663 patients were included in the meta-analysis, including 1,380 and 1,283 patients in the treatment and control groups, respectively. The results of the meta-analysis showed that, compared to platinum-based chemotherapy alone, the 1-year survival rate (relative risk (RR) = 1.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.10, 1.47], P < 0.01 ), 2-year survival rate (RR = 1.35, 95% CI [1.10, 1.65], P < 0.01 ), objective tumour remission rate (RR = 1.52, 95% CI [1.35, 1.71], P < 0.01 ), and body CD4+/CD8+ ratio (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.12, 95% CI [0.07, 0.17], P < 0.01 ) were increased for the combined treatment of NSCLC using Shenyi capsules and platinum-based chemotherapy; moreover, quality of life was also improved (RR = 2.09, 95%CI [1.75, 2.50], P < 0.01 ) and it reduced leukocyte toxicity (RR = 0.49, 95%CI [0.39, 0.63], P < 0.01 ), haemoglobin toxicity (RR = 0.48, 95% CI [0.28, 0.81], P < 0.01 ), platelet toxicity (RR = 0.44, 95% CI [0.28, 0.70], P < 0.01 ), vomiting reaction (RR = 0.60, 95% CI [0.45, 0.78], P < 0.01 ), and serum vascular endothelial growth factor level (SMD = −63.67, 95% CI [−67.59, −59.75], P < 0.01 ). Conclusions. The treatment of NSCLC using Shenyi capsules together with routine platinum-based chemotherapy could enhance short- and long-term efficacy, improve patient quality of life, alleviate toxicity and side-effects of platinum-based chemotherapeutic drugs, boost body immune function, and inhibit tumour neovascularisation. These findings require further validation in large-sample, high-quality RCTs.

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