scholarly journals The Role of Images in the Translation of Technical and Scientific Texts1

2009 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
María Isabel Tercedor-Sánchez ◽  
Francisco Abadía-Molina
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Scientific Texts ◽  
Cultural Attitudes ◽  
Visual Message ◽  
Close Study ◽  
Target Culture

Abstract The information transmitted by images accompanying technical and scientific texts id supposed to lead to a better, visually-oriented understanding of the concepts and descriptions contained in the text. Given that conceptualising scientific information entails creating mental representations of the concepts, and since the function of images is complementary to the function of texts, cultural attitudes might well influence many aspects of an image ranging from its contents, to shape or colour. One might ask if the translation process should include the adaptation of original images in the text in order to avoid a misunderstanding of the message by readers from a target culture, or if images should be treated differently depending on the target audience. As images in technical and scientific books and articles are often difficult to interpret a close study of them is needed so that the visual message matches the knowledge of the receiver in the target culture. In this article we propose cognitive and pragmatic criteria regarding the message transmitted by images in scientific texts as a guide to translation-oriented image analysis.

scholarly journals Metaphor In The Scientific Discourse

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Abdulhairova Firuza Invarovna
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
Scientific Language ◽  
Scientific Texts ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Further Development

There was investigated the role of metaphor in the scientific discourse. The possibility to get clear and laconic information with metaphoric transfer was studied.The goal of this article was to determine the features of the metaphors in the scientific style texts.The scientific novelty was to determine the role of metaphor in the scientific texts and the possibility its use as a scientific term.Conclusion: 1) metaphor is an integral part of the scientific style texts and terminology systems of science, 2) it is an instrument of enrichment of the scientific language (the appearance of new terms, etc.), 3) almost all types of metaphor and metaphorical transfer are represented in the scientific style texts, 4) the evaluative-expressive metaphors are completely absent in the scientific texts, 5) figurative metaphors are used to convey scientific information in a more accessible and easy-to-understand form, 6) metaphor serves as a vector for the further development of scientific knowledge.

scholarly journals Advertising in Translation: English vs. Greek

2002 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Sidiropoulou
Keyword(s):  
Translation Process ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Perlocutionary Effect ◽  
Target Culture ◽  
Internal Variation

Abstract The role of advertising can be perceived quite differently across cultures. Analysts, therefore, are advised to approach advertisements with some understanding of the expectations in a particular culture (Rotzoll 1985). Such advice is particularly important in translating advertisements since the various strategies and techniques employed for persuasion have to be adjusted in the target culture in order for the intended perlocutionary effect to be achieved. The 55 English-Greek advertisement pairs examined in this research indicate that the translator should be sensitive not only to conventions applying across genres in a particular culture, but also to conventions associated with genre-internal variation, as 'soft-sell' and 'hard-sell' approaches in advertising are shown to require different types of interferences, in the translation process, for appropriateness to be achieved.

Do Writing Directions Influence How People Map Space onto Time?

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 173-184
Author(s):  
Wenxing Yang ◽  
Ying Sun
Keyword(s):  
Mental Representations ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Horizontal Axis ◽  
Causal Role ◽  
Writing Systems ◽  
Temporal Cognition ◽  
Japanese Speakers ◽  
Psychological Experiments ◽  
Vertical Up

Abstract. The causal role of a unidirectional orthography in shaping speakers’ mental representations of time seems to be well established by many psychological experiments. However, the question of whether bidirectional writing systems in some languages can also produce such an impact on temporal cognition remains unresolved. To address this issue, the present study focused on Japanese and Taiwanese, both of which have a similar mix of texts written horizontally from left to right (HLR) and vertically from top to bottom (VTB). Two experiments were performed which recruited Japanese and Taiwanese speakers as participants. Experiment 1 used an explicit temporal arrangement design, and Experiment 2 measured implicit space-time associations in participants along the horizontal (left/right) and the vertical (up/down) axis. Converging evidence gathered from the two experiments demonstrate that neither Japanese speakers nor Taiwanese speakers aligned their vertical representations of time with the VTB writing orientation. Along the horizontal axis, only Japanese speakers encoded elapsing time into a left-to-right linear layout, which was commensurate with the HLR writing direction. Therefore, two distinct writing orientations of a language could not bring about two coexisting mental time lines. Possible theoretical implications underlying the findings are discussed.

Commedia dell'arte Actresses and the Performance of Lovesickness

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-37
Author(s):  
Clarissa Hanora Hurley
Keyword(s):  
Medical Condition ◽  
Commedia Dell'arte ◽  
Cultural Attitudes ◽  
Gender Based

In the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries there was a conjunction of interest in erotomania as a “real” medical condition and the representation of that condition in literature and on the popular stage. This period corresponds with the rise of the professional actress of the commedia dell’arte. This paper explores some instances of pazzia (madness) scenes in the scenarios of Flaminio Scala and contemporary accounts of commedia performances with a view to better understanding the role of the professional theatre and professional actress in shaping and reflecting cultural attitudes towards gender-based erotic “distraction”.

Imagery and Metaphorical Space of the Term in the Language of Scientific Texts by V. Vinogradov

2018 ◽  
Vol 79 (9) ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
N. V. Khalikovа
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Scientific Thinking ◽  
Scientific Texts ◽  
Basic Term ◽  
Pragmatic Information ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Relationship

The article considers the functions of the system of verbal imagery’s in the creation of the scientific style of V.V. Vinogradov. The figurativeness of basic, background and metaphorical terms is described. The semantic structure of the image of the basic term «style» is analyzed, figurative paradigms of the concepts Language, Speech and Style are revealed. The article shows the relationship between scientific thinking and metaphorical style, the role of sustainable cognitive metaphors in the creation, storage and transfer of pragmatic information and the creation of a cultural and historical context.

scholarly journals The Road More Travelled: The Differential Effects of Spatial Experience in Young and Elderly Participants

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 709
Author(s):  
Antonella Lopez ◽  
Alessandro Germani ◽  
Luigi Tinella ◽  
Alessandro Oronzo Caffò ◽  
Albert Postma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Representations ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Road ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Effects Of Aging ◽  
Coordinate Spatial Relations ◽  
Categorical Spatial Relations ◽  
The Relationship

Our spatial mental representations allow us to give refined descriptions of the environment in terms of the relative locations and distances between objects and landmarks. In this study, we investigated the effects of familiarity with the everyday environment, in terms of frequency of exploration and mode of transportation, on categorical and coordinate spatial relations, on young and elderly participants, controlling for socio-demographic factors. Participants were tested with a general anamnesis, a neuropsychological assessment, measures of explorations and the Landmark Positioning on a Map task. The results showed: (a) a modest difference in performance with categorical spatial relations; (b) a larger difference in coordinate spatial relations; (c) a significant moderating effect of age on the relationship between familiarity and spatial relations, with a stronger relation among the elderly than the young. Ceteris paribus, the role of direct experience with exploring their hometown on spatial mental representations appeared to be more important in the elderly than in the young. This advantage appears to make the elderly wiser and likely protects them from the detrimental effects of aging on spatial mental representations.

scholarly journals Advances in the role of miRNAs in the occurrence and development of osteosarcoma

Open Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1003-1011
Author(s):  
Guanyu Zhang ◽  
Yiran Li ◽  
Jiasheng Xu ◽  
Zhenfang Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Target Gene ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Skeletal System ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
New Research ◽  
Post Transcriptional Regulation

AbstractOsteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant tumor of the skeletal system in the clinic. It mainly occurs in adolescent patients and the pathogenesis of the disease is very complicated. The distant metastasis may occur in the early stage, and the prognosis is poor. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs of about 18–25 nt in length that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of genes. miRNAs can regulate target gene expression by promoting the degradation of target mRNAs or inhibiting the translation process, thereby the proliferation of OS cells can be inhibited and the apoptosis can be promoted; in this way, miRNAs can affect the metabolism of OS cells and can also participate in the occurrence, invasion, metastasis, and recurrence of OS. Some miRNAs have already been found to be closely related to the prognosis of patients with OS. Unlike other reviews, this review summarizes the miRNA molecules closely related to the development, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of OS in recent years. The expression and influence of miRNA molecule on OS were discussed in detail, and the related research progress was summarized to provide a new research direction for early diagnosis and treatment of OS.

scholarly journals The Constantly Evolving Role of Medical Image Processing in Oncology: From Traditional Medical Image Processing to Imaging Biomarkers and Radiomics

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Kostas Marias
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Medical Image ◽  
Biomarker Discovery ◽  
Medical Image Processing ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Imaging Biomarker ◽  
Imaging Biomarkers ◽  
Precision Oncology

The role of medical image computing in oncology is growing stronger, not least due to the unprecedented advancement of computational AI techniques, providing a technological bridge between radiology and oncology, which could significantly accelerate the advancement of precision medicine throughout the cancer care continuum. Medical image processing has been an active field of research for more than three decades, focusing initially on traditional image analysis tasks such as registration segmentation, fusion, and contrast optimization. However, with the advancement of model-based medical image processing, the field of imaging biomarker discovery has focused on transforming functional imaging data into meaningful biomarkers that are able to provide insight into a tumor’s pathophysiology. More recently, the advancement of high-performance computing, in conjunction with the availability of large medical imaging datasets, has enabled the deployment of sophisticated machine learning techniques in the context of radiomics and deep learning modeling. This paper reviews and discusses the evolving role of image analysis and processing through the lens of the abovementioned developments, which hold promise for accelerating precision oncology, in the sense of improved diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment planning of cancer.

Germany and Russia Since Reunification: Continuity, Change, and the Role of Leaders

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
International Relations ◽  
The Political ◽  
German Reunification ◽  
The Past ◽  
Personal Relations ◽  
Economic Trends ◽  
Economic Ties

How can we understand German-Russian relations since German reunification? Both the geopolitical positions of the two states and the political and economic ties between them have been transformed over the past twentyfive years. This paper will argue, however, that the role of the two countries’ leaders in shaping these relations has been surprisingly important. Building on the tradition of “first image” analysis in international relations, this paper shows that, along with larger political and economic trends, personal relations between these leaders have helped to set the tenor of bilateral ties. When the leaders were able to build trust and personal friendships, relations improved. Yet more recently, since 2012, relations have soured sharply. While there are obviously larger reasons for this, more negative personal ties between leaders have also played an important role. In short, just as issues of trust and friendship matter in personal ties, they also matter in International Relations.

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