“Indians on White Lines”: Bureaucracy, Race, and Power on Northern British Columbian        Traplines, 1925–1950

David Vogt

doi:10.7202/1037201ar

“Indians on White Lines”: Bureaucracy, Race, and Power on Northern British Columbian Traplines, 1925–1950

Journal of the Canadian Historical Association ◽

10.7202/1037201ar ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 163-190

Author(s):

David Vogt

Keyword(s):

British Columbia ◽

Law Enforcement ◽

Indigenous People ◽

Large Scale ◽

Indigenous Communities ◽

Primary Result ◽

Economic Prosperity ◽

Indian Affairs ◽

Game Wardens

After British Columbia imposed universal mandatory trapline registration in 1925, game wardens, Department of Indian Affairs officials, and Indigenous people in the provincial north quickly came into conflict over the place of Indigenous trappers, Indigenous claims to trapping territory, and the applicability of colonial game regulations to Indigenous communities. Although some scholars have suggested that the primary result was the large-scale dispossession of Indigenous communities, roughly half of the province’s registered traplines remained officially in “Indian” hands, raising questions about how bureaucrats recognized, classified, and sought to administer such lines. In practice, game law enforcement was often uncertain, arbitrary, and frequently governed by informal arrangements that existed alongside the official regulations. By the 1930s, trappers with Indian status had gained some measure of protection and exemption from the game laws, in part due to an energetic campaign by the federal Indian Department. To bureaucrats, however, the never-completed quest to define and solidify a racialized boundary between “Indian” and “white” trappers, trapping, and traplines often became as important as — or even more important than — the ostensible provincial goal of game conservation and the federal goal of Indigenous economic prosperity.

Principles guiding ethical research in a collaboration to strengthen Indigenous primary healthcare in Australia: learning from experience

BMJ Global Health ◽

10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003852 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. e003852

Author(s):

Jodie Bailie ◽

Alison Frances Laycock ◽

Kathleen Parker Conte ◽

Veronica Matthews ◽

David Peiris ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Indigenous People ◽

Large Scale ◽

Critical Reflection ◽

Research Collaboration ◽

Indigenous Health ◽

Indigenous Communities ◽

Indigenous Leadership ◽

Evaluation Approach ◽

Guiding Principles ◽

Over Time

IntroductionIndigenous communities worldwide are leading calls for all research involving Indigenous people to be underpinned by values and principles articulated by them. Many researchers are explicitly adopting these principles to guide what, where, how and when research is undertaken with Indigenous people. With critical reflection to support the implementation of such principles largely absent from published literature, this paper explores both the implementation of, and the outcomes from a set of guiding principles used in a large-scale Australian research collaboration to improve Indigenous health.MethodsIn this inductive qualitative study, we adopted a principles-focused evaluation approach. Based on interviews with 35 actors in the collaboration and a review of project documents, we generated themes that were then iteratively discussed, refined and categorised into (1) ‘strategies’—activities by which implementation of our guiding principles were recognised; (2) ‘outcomes’—results seen from implementing the principles and (3) ‘conditions’—aspects of the context that facilitated and constrained implementation of the principles.ResultsRespondents found it difficult to articulate how the guiding principles were actually implemented, and frequently referred to them as part of the fabric of the collaboration. They viewed the set of principles as mutually reinforcing, and as providing a rudder for navigating complexity and conflict. Implementation of the principles occurred through five strategies—honouring the principles; being dynamic and adaptable; sharing and dispersing leadership; collaborating purposefully and adopting a culture of mutual learning. Outcomes included increased Indigenous leadership and participation; the ability to attract principled and values-driven researchers and stakeholders, and the development of trusting and respectful relationships. The conditions that facilitated the implementation of the principles were collaborating over time; an increasing number of Indigenous researchers and taking an ‘innovation platform’ approach.ConclusionOur findings show that principles guiding collaborations are valuable in providing a focus, direction and a way of working together when they are collaboratively developed, hold genuine meaning for all members and are implemented within a culture of continuous critical reflection, learning and adaptation, with ongoing reinterpretation of the principles over time.

Dawnland Voices 2.0: Sovereignty and Sustainability Online

PMLA ◽

10.1632/pmla.2016.131.2.392 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 131 (2) ◽

pp. 392-400

Author(s):

Siobhan Senier

Keyword(s):

Open Access ◽

Indigenous People ◽

Digital Humanities ◽

Large Scale ◽

Indigenous Communities ◽

Electronic Media ◽

Oral Traditions ◽

Indigenous Activism ◽

Definition Of ◽

Nonhuman Agency

Indigenous communities are marrying ecological humanities and digital humanities in ways that productively expand the definition of both terms. On the ecological side, indigenous activism argues for the sustainability and interdependence of the natural and the human. In this, it challenges many of the same things that ecocriticism challenges—the supremacy or distinctiveness of the human, anthropocentric notions of time—though such activism predates ecocriticism quite a bit. Many traditional indigenous narratives assert close affinity, even identity, between a people and their river, for instance, or a people and their animals, or people and trees; they were figuring nonhuman agency long before Bruno Latour. On the DH side, indigenous people are engaging electronic media outside major DH structures and funding. These insurgent engagements challenge the very definition of DH as a field (with its predilection for large-scale archives, metadata, and open access) while also raising questions about the sustainability of the digital itself. Despite the implicit teleologies still assumed by many people—from oral to written to digital—indigenous ecological digital humanities (EcoDH) never present themselves as the end point or answer. Rather, they are part of a vast and diverse communicative ecosystem that includes petroglyphs, living oral traditions, newsletters, wampum, sci-fi novels, baskets, and language apps.

KONSEP RESTORATIVE JUSTICE MELALUI MEDIASI PENAL DALAM PENYELESAIAN PERKARA PIDANA BERMOTIF RINGAN PADA MASYARAKAT ADAT KAMPUNG KUALA GASIB DI KECAMATAN KOTO GASIB KABUPATEN SIAK

JURNAL HUKUM DAS SOLLEN ◽

10.32520/das-sollen.v1i4.333 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

Author(s):

ELMA YANTI

Keyword(s):

Law Enforcement ◽

Restorative Justice ◽

Indigenous People ◽

Criminal Case ◽

Criminal Cases ◽

Legal Research ◽

Direct Participation ◽

Criminal Offenses ◽

Differences Of Opinion ◽

Law Enforcement Officials

The settlement of criminal offenses with mild motives can be carried out by reasoning penal mediation called the restorative justice approach, which focuses on the direct participation of perpetrators, victims and the community. The research that use in this study is sociological legal research (social legal research). The concept of restorative justice through reasoning penal mediation in the settlement of a mildly criminal case for the indigenous people of village kuala gasib in koto gasib siak, was carried out with the intermediary of the headman. Headman as customary village heads and as government administrators have an important role in creating peace efforts in resolving disputes that occur in the community, one of which is through the settlement of criminal cases by reasoning penal mediation with the concept of restorative justice. The constraints of the concept of restorative justice through reasoning penal mediation in the settlement of mildly criminal cases for the indigenous people of village kuala gasib in koto gasib siak are: a) The absence of a special law mediation of regulation, b) Lack of facilities and infrastructure in mediating, c) Lack of mediator skills for village head to reconcile the parties to the dispute, d) There are differences of opinion among law enforcement officials about the concept of restorative justice through penal mediation

Indigenous People, Organized Crime and Natural Resources: Borders, Incentives and Relations

Critical Criminology ◽

10.1007/s10612-021-09585-x ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Daan P. van Uhm ◽

Ana G. Grigore

Keyword(s):

Natural Resources ◽

Indigenous People ◽

Organized Crime ◽

Indigenous Communities ◽

Economic Incentives ◽

Environmental Harm ◽

Criminological Perspective ◽

History Of ◽

Organized Crime Groups ◽

Criminal Groups

AbstractThis article explores the relationship between the Emberá–Wounaan and Akha Indigenous people and organized crime groups vying for control over natural resources in the Darién Gap of East Panama and West Colombia and the Golden Triangle (the area where the borders of Laos, Myanmar (Burma), and Thailand meet), respectively. From a southern green criminological perspective, we consider how organized crime groups trading in natural resources value Indigenous knowledge. We also examine the continued victimization of Indigenous people in relation to environmental harm and the tension between Indigenous peoples’ ecocentric values and the economic incentives presented to them for exploiting nature. By looking at the history of the coloniality and the socioeconomic context of these Indigenous communities, this article generates a discussion about the social framing of the Indigenous people as both victims and offenders in the illegal trade in natural resources, particularly considering the types of relationships established with dominant criminal groups present in their ancestral lands.

Current State of (Dis)Integration: Public Health and Fusion Centers

Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management ◽

10.1515/jhsem-2018-0076 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Cody Minks ◽

Anke Richter

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Law Enforcement ◽

Information Sharing ◽

Homeland Security ◽

Large Scale ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Fusion Centers ◽

Public Health Emergencies ◽

Public Health Information

AbstractObjectiveResponding to large-scale public health emergencies relies heavily on planning and collaboration between law enforcement and public health officials. This study examines the current level of information sharing and integration between these domains by measuring the inclusion of public health in the law enforcement functions of fusion centers.MethodsSurvey of all fusion centers, with a 29.9% response rate.ResultsOnly one of the 23 responding fusion centers had true public health inclusion, a decrease from research conducted in 2007. Information sharing is primarily limited to information flowing out of the fusion center, with little public health information coming in. Most of the collaboration is done on a personal, informal, ad-hoc basis. There remains a large misunderstanding of roles, capabilities, and regulations by all parties (fusion centers and public health). The majority of the parties appear to be willing to work together, but there but there is no forward momentum to make these desires a reality. Funding and staffing issues seem to be the limiting factor for integration.ConclusionThese problems need to be urgently addressed to increase public health preparedness and enable a decisive and beneficial response to public health emergencies involving a homeland security response.

Us Mob Online: The Perils of Identifying as Indigenous on Social Media

Genealogy ◽

10.3390/genealogy5020052 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 52

Author(s):

Bronwyn Carlson ◽

Tristan Kennedy

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Indigenous People ◽

Indigenous Peoples ◽

Mixed Methods Research ◽

Indigenous Communities ◽

Digital Environment ◽

Collective Identities ◽

Social Media Platforms ◽

Insight Into

Social media is a highly valuable site for Indigenous people to express their identities and to engage with other Indigenous people, events, conversations, and debates. While the role of social media for Indigenous peoples is highly valued for public articulations of identity, it is not without peril. Drawing on the authors’ recent mixed-methods research in Australian Indigenous communities, this paper presents an insight into Indigenous peoples’ experiences of cultivating individual and collective identities on social media platforms. The findings suggest that Indigenous peoples are well aware of the intricacies of navigating a digital environment that exhibits persistent colonial attempts at the subjugation of Indigenous identities. We conclude that, while social media remains perilous, Indigenous people are harnessing online platforms for their own ends, for the reinforcement of selfhood, for identifying and being identified and, as a vehicle for humour and subversion.

Facilitating Sustainable Disaster Risk Reduction in Indigenous Communities: Reviving Indigenous Worldviews, Knowledge and Practices through Two-Way Partnering

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18030855 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 855

Author(s):

Tahir Ali ◽

Petra Topaz Buergelt ◽

Douglas Paton ◽

James Arnold Smith ◽

Elaine Lawurrpa Maypilama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grounded Theory ◽

Risk Reduction ◽

Indigenous People ◽

Natural Hazards ◽

Disaster Risk Reduction ◽

Indigenous Communities ◽

Disaster Risk ◽

Indigenous Research ◽

Ecological Knowledge ◽

Community Members

The Sendai Framework of Action 2015–2030 calls for holistic Indigenous disaster risk reduction (DRR) research. Responding to this call, we synergized a holistic philosophical framework (comprising ecological systems theory, symbolic interactionism, and intersectionality) and social constructionist grounded theory and ethnography within a critical Indigenous research paradigm as a methodology for exploring how diverse individual and contextual factors influence DRR in a remote Indigenous community called Galiwinku, in the Northern Territory of Australia. Working together, Indigenous and non-Indigenous researchers collected stories in local languages using conversations and yarning circles with 20 community members, as well as participant observations. The stories were interpreted and analysed using social constructivist grounded theory analysis techniques. The findings were dialogued with over 50 community members. The findings deeply resonated with the community members, validating the trustworthiness and relevance of the findings. The grounded theory that emerged identified two themes. First, local Indigenous knowledge and practices strengthen Indigenous people and reduce the risks posed by natural hazards. More specifically, deep reciprocal relationships with country and ecological knowledge, strong kinship relations, Elder’s wisdom and authority, women and men sharing power, and faith in a supreme power/God and Indigenous-led community organizations enable DRR. Second, colonizing practices weaken Indigenous people and increase the risks from natural hazards. Therefore, colonization, the imposition of Western culture, the government application of top-down approaches, infiltration in Indigenous governance systems, the use of fly-in/fly-out workers, scarcity of employment, restrictions on technical and higher education opportunities, and overcrowded housing that is culturally and climatically unsuitable undermine the DRR capability. Based on the findings, we propose a Community-Based DRR theory which proposes that facilitating sustainable Indigenous DRR in Australian Indigenous communities requires Indigenous and non-Indigenous partners to genuinely work together in two-directional and complementary ways.

Using polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to determine post-wildfire contamination and sediment sources in a large watershed in central British Columbia, Canada

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-10491 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kristen Kieta ◽

Philip Owens ◽

Ellen Petticrew

Keyword(s):

British Columbia ◽

Magnetic Susceptibility ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Large Scale ◽

Sediment Samples ◽

Burned Areas ◽

Total Pahs ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic ◽

The Impact

<p>The Nechako River Basin (NRB) in central British Columbia is a large (52,000 km<sup>2</sup>), regulated basin that supports populations of sockeye and chinook salmon and the endangered Nechako white sturgeon. These important species are experiencing population declines and one potential cause of this decline is excess sediment, which can clog their spawning habitat and reduce juvenile success. This excess sediment is likely the product of a combination of factors, the most visible being the significant land cover changes that have occurred in the basin, which includes pressure from forestry and agriculture, the Mountain Pine Beetle epidemic, and large-scale wildfires in 2018. Focusing specifically on the impact of the 2018 wildfires on sediment transport from upland burned areas to adjacent waterways, this research aimed to determine the spatial and temporal contamination of tributaries and the mainstem of the Nechako River with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are produced during the combustion of organic matter and have been identified as toxic to aquatic organisms and to humans. Additionally, this study intended to determine if burned areas were a more significant contributor of sediment than unburned areas and better understand the utility of PAHs as a potential tracer. Source soil samples were collected in 2018 and 2020 from burned and unburned sites, and suspended sediment samples were collected throughout the ice-free period from 2018-2020 in three tributaries and three mainstem sites. All samples were analysed for PAHs, magnetic susceptibility, colour, and particle size. Results from the fall 2018 source samples show a significant difference in PAH concentrations between unburned and burned soils, and while concentrations of PAHs in source soils in 2020 were lower than in 2018, they were still elevated compared to unburned soils. Sediment samples showed that concentrations of total PAHs are higher in the mainstem sites than in the tributaries, with the greatest concentrations consistently found at the most downstream site on the mainstem of the Nechako River. Concentrations across sites were highest in samples taken during the spring snowmelt period in 2019, have decreased throughout the rest of the sampling period (2019-2020), and are well below sediment quality guidelines for total PAHs. In addition to determining the spatial and temporal extent of PAH contamination, this study also aims to use PAHs along with colour and measurements of magnetic susceptibility to trace sediments associated with the 2018 wildfires. The high cost of PAH analysis limits the number of samples that can be analysed and thus, these additional tracers will allow for the use of models such as MixSIAR that improve with a more robust number of samples. As large-scale megafires continue to burn across the globe, understanding their potential to contribute PAHs to local waterbodies and potentially be used as a tracer is as prescient as ever.</p>

Legal restrictions on the right of association in political parties and their interpretation in court decisions: comparative legal analysis

Sravnitel noe konstitucionnoe obozrenie ◽

10.21128/1812-7126-2021-2-149-179 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 149-179

Author(s):

Andrey Vershinin

Keyword(s):

Law Enforcement ◽

Political Parties ◽

Russian Federation ◽

Party System ◽

Large Scale ◽

Political Competition ◽

Constitutional Court ◽

Freedom Of Association ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

The Creation

The article examines the issue of exercising the freedom of association in political parties in Russia in a comparative analysis with the leading democratic countries of the world. Modern democracies cannot be imagined without political parties, which are the representors of the interests of their voters in legislative bodies and local government bodies. The development of civil society and the entire political system in the country depends on how the freedom of association in political parties and the access of parties to participate in elections is realized. The development of legislation on political parties in the Russian Federation proceeded unevenly. In the first years after the adoption of the Constitution the legislative body did not introduce strict requirements for parties. The adoption of a special federal law on political parties in 2001 became a turning point in the development of the party system. The author identifies two large blocks of restrictions on the creation of parties. The first is legislative restrictions, the second is the restrictions that arise from the unfair activities of legislative and law enforcement agencies. In this work, legislative restrictions are compared with restrictions in other democracies, as well as based on legal positions developed by the European Court of Human Rights. The author comes to the opinion that some restrictions on the creation of parties are not necessary now, in the meantime they significantly narrow the possibilities of party creation and political competition. First, we are talking about a ban on the creation of regional parties. The Constitutional Court in its legal positions indicated that this restriction is temporary and will be lifted over time. Within the framework of this work, the author will give suggestions on changing the approach to the creation of political parties in Russia, which should affect the emergence of new strong parties at different levels of public authority. The author believes that a system of “controlled multiparty system” has developed in Russia, which is implemented both in changing the legislation on political parties based on the interests of the “party in power” and the practice of the registration body, which prevents the formation of new parties claiming to redistribute the existing distribution of forces. Based on the analysis of the legislation on political parties, law enforcement practice, decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, the ECHR and the legislation of foreign countries, the author proposes approaches to reforming the existing party system, which include small cosmetic changes and large-scale changes in approaches to the creation of parties.

“A Lot of What We Ride Is Their Land”: White Settler Canadian Understandings of Mountain Biking, Indigeneity, and Recreational Colonialism

Sociology of Sport Journal ◽

10.1123/ssj.2020-0161 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

John Reid-Hresko ◽

Jeff R. Warren

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Research ◽

British Columbia ◽

Indigenous People ◽

Truth And Reconciliation Commission ◽

Mountain Biking ◽

Rhetorical Strategies ◽

Reconciliation Commission ◽

Truth And Reconciliation ◽

White Settler ◽

Conditions Of Possibility

This article explores how White settler mountain bikers in British Columbia understand their relationship to recreational landscapes on unceded Indigenous territory. Using original qualitative research, the authors detail three rhetorical strategies settler Canadians employ to negotiate their place within geographies of belonging informed by Indigeneity and recreational colonialism: ignorance, ambivalence, and acknowledgement. In Canada’s post-Truth and Reconciliation Commission climate, the discourses settlers use to situate themselves vis-à-vis landscapes and Indigenous people contribute to the conditions of possibility for meaningful movement toward a more equitable existence for all. This work points to a growing need to problematize the seemingly apolitical landscapes of recreation as a prerequisite toward meaningful reconciliation.