scholarly journals The effects of dietary changes on chimpanzee behavior

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Fultz ◽  
Raven Jackson-Jewett ◽  
Kathleen Taylor ◽  
Connie Philipp ◽  
Akie Yanagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Research Council ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Care Staff ◽  
Abnormal Behavior ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Dietary Changes ◽  
Advisory Groups ◽  
Limited Food ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Animal Care

Captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) often suffer from obesity-related health issues including arthritis, diabetes, and heart disease. It is becoming increasingly common to house captive chimpanzees in large social groups, which may increase aggression due to the competition over limited food resources. In order to improve the health of sanctuary chimpanzees at Chimp Haven, Inc, USA. we recently made some modifications to the chimpanzee’s diet. Diet formulations were created by our veterinarian using recommendations from Association of Zoos and Aquariums Nutrition Advisory Groups and National Research Council guidelines on daily nonhuman primate caloric needs. The current study examined behavioral changes in the chimpanzees when diet modifications included a reduction in the overall amount of produce given. As dietary changes were being implemented, animal care staff voiced concerns over the possibility of increased competition, abnormal behavior and aggression with the reduction in the amount of produce provided. We observed six groups of chimpanzees (N = 85; M = 34 F = 51, age: range 3-55, mean = 27.8) when produce was provided in the morning and afternoon for seven weeks before and three weeks after the dietary changes were made. We completed two 30 minute scans with six minute intervals per week on each group for a total of 820 scans. Groups ranged in size from 11-23 members (mean = 14.33). Although we found no significant changes in aggressive behavior after the dietary changes (t = .007, p = .99), there was a non-significant tendency towards an increase in abnormal behavior (t = 2.30, p = .06).

scholarly journals The effects of dietary changes on chimpanzee behavior

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Fultz ◽  
Raven Jackson-Jewett ◽  
Kathleen Taylor ◽  
Connie Philipp ◽  
Akie Yanagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Research Council ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Care Staff ◽  
Abnormal Behavior ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Dietary Changes ◽  
Advisory Groups ◽  
Limited Food ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Animal Care

Captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) often suffer from obesity-related health issues including arthritis, diabetes, and heart disease. It is becoming increasingly common to house captive chimpanzees in large social groups, which may increase aggression due to the competition over limited food resources. In order to improve the health of sanctuary chimpanzees at Chimp Haven, Inc, USA. we recently made some modifications to the chimpanzee’s diet. Diet formulations were created by our veterinarian using recommendations from Association of Zoos and Aquariums Nutrition Advisory Groups and National Research Council guidelines on daily nonhuman primate caloric needs. The current study examined behavioral changes in the chimpanzees when diet modifications included a reduction in the overall amount of produce given. As dietary changes were being implemented, animal care staff voiced concerns over the possibility of increased competition, abnormal behavior and aggression with the reduction in the amount of produce provided. We observed six groups of chimpanzees (N = 85; M = 34 F = 51, age: range 3-55, mean = 27.8) when produce was provided in the morning and afternoon for seven weeks before and three weeks after the dietary changes were made. We completed two 30 minute scans with six minute intervals per week on each group for a total of 820 scans. Groups ranged in size from 11-23 members (mean = 14.33). Although we found no significant changes in aggressive behavior after the dietary changes (t = .007, p = .99), there was a non-significant tendency towards an increase in abnormal behavior (t = 2.30, p = .06).

scholarly journals Characterizing abnormal behavior in a large population of zoo-housed chimpanzees: prevalence and potential influencing factors

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah L. Jacobson ◽  
Stephen R. Ross ◽  
Mollie A. Bloomsmith
Keyword(s):  
Large Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Care Staff ◽  
Abnormal Behavior ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Opposing Effects ◽  
Abnormal Behaviors ◽  
Animal Care ◽  
Recent Claim ◽  
Poor Welfare

Abnormal behaviors in captive animals are generally defined as behaviors that are atypical for the species and are often considered to be indicators of poor welfare. Although some abnormal behaviors have been empirically linked to conditions related to elevated stress and compromised welfare in primates, others have little or no evidence on which to base such a relationship. The objective of this study was to investigate a recent claim that abnormal behavior is endemic in the captive population by surveying a broad sample of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), while also considering factors associated with the origins of these behaviors. We surveyed animal care staff from 26 accredited zoos to assess the prevalence of abnormal behavior in a large sample of chimpanzees in the United States for which we had information on origin and rearing history. Our results demonstrated that 64% of this sample was reported to engage in some form of abnormal behavior in the past two years and 48% of chimpanzees engaged in abnormal behavior other than coprophagy. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the historical variables that best predicted the occurrence of all abnormal behavior, any abnormal behavior that was not coprophagy, and coprophagy. Rearing had opposing effects on the occurrence of coprophagy and the other abnormal behaviors such that mother-reared individuals were more likely to perform coprophagy, whereas non-mother-reared individuals were more likely to perform other abnormal behaviors. These results support the assertion that coprophagy may be classified separately when assessing abnormal behavior and the welfare of captive chimpanzees. This robust evaluation of the prevalence of abnormal behavior in our sample from the U.S. zoo population also demonstrates the importance of considering the contribution of historical variables to present behavior, in order to better understand the causes of these behaviors and any potential relationship to psychological wellbeing.

scholarly journals Nurses’ Knowledge and Anxiety Levels toward COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 356-363
Author(s):  
Fatmah Alsharif
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Care Staff ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
As Stress ◽  
Health Organization

Background: In the battle against the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, medical care staff, especially nurses, are at a higher risk of encountering psychological health issues and distress, such as stress, tension, burdensome indications, and, most importantly, fear. They are also at higher risk of becoming infected and transmitting this virus. In Saudi Arabia, it was noticed that the healthcare workforce suffered from anxiety, and that this more evident in women than men. Objective: This study aimed to assess the knowledge of nurses regarding COVID-19 and the level of anxiety toward the COVID-19 outbreak in the current pandemic situation. Design: A cross-sectional design was used and a validated self-administered online questionnaire with a set of questions related to COVID-19 was distributed to 87 participating nurses. Results: The results showed that more than half of the nurses (71.90%) had an adequate and good knowledge about the causes, transmission, symptoms, treatment, and death rate of COVID-19. The main sources of information for the nurses were social media (51.7%) and the World Health Organization and the Ministry of Health (36.8%). Conclusions: The results allowed the conclusion that, though the nurses had satisfactory knowledge about COVID-19, more than 50% of them experienced mental health issues such as anxiety. To address this, along with providing more knowledge about COVID-19, nurses should be supported in managing their anxiety.

Are Smelly Animals Happy Animals? Competing Definitions of Laboratory Animal Cruelty and Public Policy

1994 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-144
Author(s):  
Julian McAllister Groves
Keyword(s):  
Animal Rights ◽  
Laboratory Animal ◽  
Animal Cruelty ◽  
Care Staff ◽  
Public Image ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Research Personnel ◽  
The Public ◽  
Cruelty To Animals ◽  
Animal Care

AbstractRegulations surrounding laboratory animal care have tried to address aspects of an image of laboratory animal cruelty publicized by animal rights activists. This image of cruelty, however, is not consistent with the experiences of those charged with the day-to-day care of laboratory animals. This article examines the incongruities between the public image of cruelty to animals in laboratories as promoted by animal rights activists, and the experiences of laboratory animal care staff who apply and enforce laboratory animal care regulations. In doing so, the article illuminates why regulations surrounding laboratory animal care are difficult to comply with on the part of the policy enforcers, and are continuously contested by both animal rights activists and animal research personnel.

scholarly journals Latina Project: Adolescent and Parent Perceptions of Successful Teen Pregnancy Prevention Programs

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-137
Author(s):  
M. S. Madlem ◽  
Cathy Bambrick
Keyword(s):  
Teen Pregnancy ◽  
Sexuality Education ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Pregnancy Prevention ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Teen Pregnancy Prevention ◽  
Focus Group Study ◽  
Planned Parenthood ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Age Range

The Hispanic population is rapidly growing in the U.S. The health issues that challenge this population are often unique. Pregnancy rates among Hispanic teens have remained steady or risen in some areas. Yakima County, Washington has the highest teen pregnancy rate for women aged 18-19 of any county in the state (182.72 per 1000 women compared with 104.32 per 1000 women in Washington). Over half of the births in this age range are to Hispanic teens. For these reasons, Planned Parenthood of Central Washington, with funding from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, collaborated with Central Washington University to conduct formative research on Hispanic teen pregnancy prevention. This qualitative focus group study revealed perceptions of adolescents and parents of communication patterns, desired content of sexuality education programs, and the provision of sexuality education programming. Understanding these perceptions may be the first step in developing educational programs that have a positive impact on Latina teens.

scholarly journals Analisis Rasionalitas Penggunaan Antipsikotik pada Pasien Skizofrenia di Instalasi Rawat Inap RSJD Atma Husada Mahakam Samarinda Tahun 2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Rika Paramitha Saputri ◽  
Elina Endang Sulistyawati ◽  
Meta Kartika Untari
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Schizophrenia Patient ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Retrospective Data ◽  
Drug Selection ◽  
Treatment Algorithms ◽  
Psychosocial Dysfunction ◽  
Retrospective Data Collection ◽  
Age Range

Schizophrenia is a chronic heterogeneous syndrome characterized by irregular mindset, delusion, hallucination, improper behavioral changes, and psychosocial dysfunction. The purpose of this research was to know the pattern of antipsychotic use and rationality of antipsychotic use in schizophrenia patient at Inpatient Installation of Atma Husada Mahakam Psychiatric Hospital Samarinda  in 2016 based on right indication, right drug selection, right patient, and right dose. The study was use descriptive non-experimental method with retrospective data collection from medical record of patients with purposive sampling technique. The samples used was 94 patients who received antipsychotic with age range 17-55 years and had a complete medical history. The data obtained were analyzed according to Guideline Texas Medication Algorithm Project Procedural Manual of Schizophrenia Treatment Algorithms. Based on the results obtained data of single antipsychotic the most widely used was haloperidol as 39 prescriptions (53.42%). The use of the most commonly prescribed combination of two antipsychotic was combination of clozapine-haloperidol as 19 prescriptions (38,00%), while combination of three prescribed antipsychotic was combination of chlorpromazine-risperidone-clozapine and haloperidol-risperidone-clozapine each as 1 prescription (50,00%). The rationale of antipsychotic use obtained percentage of right indication was 100%, right drug selection 95,20%, right patient 100%, and right dose 100%.

scholarly journals Systems of Communicating Sexual and Reproductive Health Issues between Hearing Parents and Their Deaf Adolescent Children in Western Kenya

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Justine Anyango Ochieng’ ◽  
Harrysone Atieli ◽  
Bernard Abongo ◽  
Collins Ouma
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
Deaf Children ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Main Mode ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Communication Barrier ◽  
Insufficient Time ◽  
Age Range

Background: Deaf adolescent children face greater challenges in accessing information, particularly on sexual and reproductive health (SRH) than those with other forms of disability. Parents therefore represent the first source of information for such children. However, the extent of this and systems of communication used by these parents remain largely unknown. Therefore, it is against this backdrop that we sought to study systems of parents communicating SRH issues to their children. Methods: A mixed method design was used to collect quantitative and qualitative data on the system of communication used by the sign-language illiterate parents respectively, their perceptions on such discussions and the choice of system of communication. A sample size of 384 parent-child pairs was selected using systematic probability sampling for the quantitative component of the study. For the qualitative component, respondents were recruited using a purposive convenience sampling method which though non-representative, allowed the investigator to choose participants best suited for the intended objective. The study was carried out in ten schools; randomly selected from a sample frame comprising of a list of primary and secondary schools for deaf children within the former Nyanza region of western Kenya. Data was collected using anonymized questionnaires and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). Results: Majority of the male parents 90 (23.4%) were in the age range of 51-60 years, while most female parents 134 (34.8%) were in the age category of 40-50 years. Nearly 70% (67%) of the children were in the age range of 15-19 years. Overall, use of picture came out as the main mode/format of communication (33%); with females using it more (23%) compared to males 12.3%. Lip-reading (children reading the lips of their parents), was principally used by male parents. 32(8.3%) parents falling within the age group 41-50 and 51-60 years felt that the information they had on SRH was inadequate. More so, in a qualitative interview, most parents were not satisfied that they had provided enough information to their children on matters of SRH due to communication barrier. Some of the emerging themes from the FGDs were: parents lack a proper approach of conveying SRH information to their deaf adolescent children, unresponsiveness/lack of interest by deaf adolescent children, wrong translation of information conveyed and insufficient time with their deaf adolescent children to pass across these messages. Conclusion: Children with hard hearing are less likely to get adequate information on SRH than their counterparts with no hearing impairment.

scholarly journals True nutrient and amino acid digestibility of dog foods made with human-grade ingredients using the precision-fed cecectomized rooster assay1

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 442-451
Author(s):  
Patrícia M Oba ◽  
Pamela L Utterback ◽  
Carl M Parsons ◽  
Kelly S Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Whole Wheat ◽  
The University ◽  
Animal Care

Abstract For a pet diet to be labeled as human-grade, every ingredient and the finished food must be stored, handled, processed, and transported according to the current good manufacturing practices for human edible foods. Human-grade dog foods are now available and increasing in popularity, but little research has been conducted to test the digestibility of these foods. For this reason, the objective of this experiment was to determine the true nutrient and amino acid (AA) digestibilities of dog foods formulated with human-grade ingredients using the precision-fed cecectomized rooster assay. Six commercial dog foods were tested, including the Beef & Russet Potato (BRP), Chicken & White Rice (CWR), Fish & Sweet Potato (FSP), Lamb & Brown Rice (LBR), Turkey & Whole Wheat Macaroni (TWM), and Venison & Squash (VSR) formulas provided by Just Food For Dogs LLC (Irvine, CA). Before analysis, all foods were lyophilized and ground. A precision-fed rooster assay using cecectomized roosters was conducted to determine the true nutrient digestibility and standardized AA digestibilities of the foods tested. Conventional roosters were used to determine the nitrogen-corrected true metabolizable energy (TMEn) of the foods. All animal procedures were approved by the University of Illinois Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee prior to experimentation. The substrates and rooster excreta were analyzed for macronutrient and AA composition. All data were analyzed using the Mixed Models procedure of SAS (version 9.4; SAS Institute, Cary, NC). In general, all foods tested were highly digestible. Dry matter digestibility was similar among CWR, LBR, and TWR foods, and greater (P < 0.0001) than that of FSP and VSR foods. Organic matter digestibility was highest (P = 0.0002) for CWR and lowest (P = 0.0002) for VSR. For the majority of indispensable AA, digestibilities were greater than 85%, with some being greater than 90%. TMEn was higher (P < 0.0001) for BRP than the other foods, which were similar to one another. Also, TMEn values were much higher than what would be estimated by using modified Atwater factors and often above the predictive equations for metabolizable energy (ME) recommended by the National Research Council or by using Atwater factors. Although statistical differences were observed among foods, they all performed well and the foods tested had very high AA digestibilities. Additionally, the TMEn data suggest that existing methods and equations for ME prediction underestimate the energy content of the foods tested.

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