Predictors and Motivation for Seat Belt Use – A Case Study in Bosnia and Herzegovina

The use of seat belts, for drivers and car occupants, results in reducing the rate of fatalities and severe road injuries. In this research, the methodology of the survey was applied through the self-reporting behaviour of the respondents who determined the subjective risk based on the attitudes of the traffic participants. To evaluate the statistical significance of the categorical variables, Pearson's chi-square test was used. For certain groups of examinees, the results of the relationship (association) between socio demographic characteristics were analysed as predictors of behaviour with the degree of seat belt use. Some other predictors of behaviour, such as the road and mood predictors were analysed as well. Interest was also focused on finding out what motivated certain groups of examinees to use the seat belt. Based on the results of this research, it is possible to classify the drivers and car occupants into certain groups with respect to the seat belt use while driving. This can help in determining the ways of eliminating problems related to the low degree of seat belt use.

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Index Analysis of Osteonecrosis and Related Causes

10.21203/rs.3.rs-68407/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tingting Liu ◽

Yuju Cao ◽

Huiqiang Wu ◽

Feimeng An ◽

Changxu Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Statistical Significance ◽

Population Sample ◽

Onset Time ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Chi Square ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background: The pathogenesis of non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH ) is related to the interruption of blood supply caused by lipid metabolism and hypercoagulability. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between clinical biochemical parameters and non-traumatic ONFH. Methods: The basic information and biochemical indexes of 1292 patients with non- traumatic ONFH and 1880 healthy controls were collected. SPSS software (version 22.0) was used to process and analyze the data. T-test was used for quantitative analysis. Chi-square test was used for categorical variables.p< 0.05 were the index with statistical significance. Results: In the population sample, TC (p= 0.00004), LDL (p= 0.014) and PLT (p= 0.000005) levels were statistically significant between the two groups.In men, levels of TC (p = 0.004), LDL (p= 0.011), and PLT (p= 0.00005) were statistically significant between the two groups.In women, TC (p= 0.001) and PLT (p= 0.048) levels were statistically significant between the two groups.There were differences in TC (p= 0.00001) and PLT (p= 0.031) levels between the case group and the control group in samples aged less than 45 years.There were differences in LDL (p= 0.00002) and PLT (p= 0.022) levels between the two groups in samples older than 45 years.Compared with the control group, patients with alcohol-induced ONFH had HDL (p = 0.002).LDL (p= 0.00002);The level of PLT (p= 0.0001) was significantly different.HDL (p = 0.005) was found in alcohol-induced ONFH patients younger than 45 years of age.The PLT level (p=0.045) was different from that of the control group.There was a difference in LDL (p= 0.000003) levels between control and alcohol-induced ONFH patients older than 45 years.The older the onset age, the TC in vivo;HDL;LDL;ApoA1;ApoB;The lower the PLT level.With the prolongation of the onset time, the PLT level in the patient's body is decreasing continuously.Conclusion: The changes of biochemical indexes are closely related to the occurrence of non-traumatic ONFH. Our research can provide a new direction for the prevention of ONFH.

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Validation of a Breastfeeding History Questionnaire for the Risk of In-Hospital Formula Supplementation Among Multiparous Women

Journal of Human Lactation ◽

10.1177/0890334419868157 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 665-671

Author(s):

Whitney R. Bender ◽

Nathanael C. Koelper ◽

Mary D. Sammel ◽

Celeste Durnwald

Keyword(s):

Hospital Stay ◽

Care Center ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Chi Square ◽

Multiparous Women ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Student’S T ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Background: A woman’s prior breastfeeding history may influence future decisions regarding infant feeding. Few quantitative tools utilizing this information have been demonstrated to predict breastfeeding success. Research aim: To evaluate the efficacy of a prenatal breastfeeding history (BAP) questionnaire administered in prenatal care to predict in-hospital formula supplementation among multiparous women. Methods: This is a prospective observational study of multiparous women with singleton pregnancies who presented to a Baby-Friendly urban tertiary care center for 1st prenatal visit at < 20 weeks’ gestation. The BAP tool generates a numerical score, with higher score (≥ 2) indicating prior successful breastfeeding experiences. The primary outcome was occurrence of non-medically indicated formula supplementation during the postpartum hospital stay. Student’s t test and Pearson’s chi-square test were used to compare continuous and categorical variables. A multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess the relationship of BAP score to formula supplementation. Of 587 women screened, 433 (73.8%) mother–infant dyads were analyzed. Results: Rates of formula supplementation in women with BAP scores ≤ 1 were 67% (156/234) compared with 37% (73/199) in women with higher scores ( p < 0.0001). After controlling for race/ethnicity, insurance, and obesity, women with BAP scores of ≤ 1 were 2.6 times more likely to supplement formula than women with higher scores (a OR 2.62, 95% CI [1.70, 4.04], p < .0001). Conclusion: In this prospective validation study, women with negative prior breastfeeding experiences, as evidenced by a lower BAP score, were more likely to supplement formula during the postpartum hospital stay.

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Evaluation of knowledge and application towards ergonomic principles among undergraduate dental students

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v10i14.21561 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (14) ◽

pp. e123101421561

Author(s):

Marcely Silva Araújo ◽

Vandilson Pinheiro Rodrigues ◽

Rogério Vera Cruz Ferro Marques ◽

Andre Luis Costa Cantanhede ◽

Isabelle Aguiar Prado ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dental Students ◽

The Body ◽

Descriptive Statistics ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Chi Square ◽

Experienced Pain ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Dental Setting ◽

The Moment ◽

The Relationship

This study evaluated the knowledge and application of ergonomic principles as well as manifestation of pain by dental students at the Federal University of Maranhão. Forty-four students answered a questionnaire on ergonomic principles. Photographs of the clinical rounds were performed to evaluate the postures adopted, without the students knowing the moment of photographic registration, avoiding that they modified their posture. The relationship between theoretical knowledge and the applicability of ergonomics in dental setting was evaluated. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The Chi-square test analyzed the distribution of categorical variables among the evaluation instruments (α = 5%). Most of the participants adopted a satisfactory posture and presented knowledge about ergonomic postures, however, one can observe the poor positioning of the eyes and spine. 75% of the patients experienced pain in the body, being the spine (61.4%) and neck (40.9%) the most affected sites. The sample evaluated had good knowledge on ergonomic principles, but these were not adopted entirety, which may have led to the onset of pain.

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A Study on Otorhinolaryngological Presentations in Covid 19 Patients in a Tertiary Health Care Center

Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery ◽

10.1007/s12070-021-02564-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

S. G. Smitha ◽

Nikitha Pillai ◽

Bindya Nayak ◽

Jedhin Raveendran

Keyword(s):

Blood Group ◽

Rna Virus ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Care Center ◽

Chi Square ◽

Health Care Center ◽

Corona Virus ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

The Relationship ◽

Written Informed Consent

AbstractCorona virus also known as 2019 novel corona virus, a single stranded positive sense RNA virus is the causative agent of COVID 19 disease. It mainly spreads via the respiratory route by means of aerosols. The objectives of our study were. To know the prevalence of ENT presentations in COVID 19 patients and to know the relationship between the symptoms and category of the disease as well as to know the relation between the blood group and recovery from the disease. The first 500 patients who were tested positive for COVID 19 and getting treated in our hospital were included in the study after taking written informed consent from the patients who were willing to participate in the study. A detailed history was taken from all the patients and more stress was given on the ENT symptoms with respect to its onset, duration and time taken for the relief of symptoms. The ENT symptoms were compared with the category of the disease as well as the blood group of the patients. Statistical analysis was done using Chi square test and Statistical Package for Social Sciences [SPSS] for Windows Version 22.0 Released 2013. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp., was used to perform statistical analyses. In our study 310 (62.0%) were males and 190 (38.0%) patients were females (38%), of age group ranging from 2 years to 87 years. In our study 367 (73.3%) patients were symptomatic and the rest 133 (26.6%) were asymptomatic. There were 335 (67.0%) patients in category A, 140 (28.0%) in category B and 25 (5.0%) in category C. The most common ENT presentation was headache and its prevelance was more in category C and it was of statistical significance. On comparing the blood group and the ENT symptoms occurrence of sore throat was of statistical significance and its prevelance was more among the O blood group patients. In terms of recovery from the disease the patients with blood group O had good recovery rate. Covid 19 pandemic is still an on going problem and newer strains of the virus are arising as well hence. In our study we found out that isolated ENT symptoms such as aguesia and anosmia were the only presentation of the disease. Thus they can be considered as early marker of the disease and it will be helpful in early detection and isolation of the patient as well as prevention of further spread of the disease.

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Influence of Superior Attachment of the Uncinate Process on the Presence of Agger Nasi

Clinical Rhinology An International Journal ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10013-1257 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 21-23

Author(s):

Rahul Shivaraj ◽

Cimona Dsouza ◽

George Pinto

Keyword(s):

Chronic Sinusitis ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Middle Turbinate ◽

Close Relation ◽

Uncinate Process ◽

Sinus Surgery ◽

Chi Square ◽

Statistical Tool ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

The Relationship

ABSTRACT Objective The superior attachment of the uncinate process and the agger nasi cell are important landmarks in frontal sinus surgery and are in close relation with each other. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the two. Study design A retrospective radiological study. Materials and methods A total of 50 patients with features of chronic sinusitis were evaluated radiographically, i.e., by computed tomography. Hundred sides, i.e., 50 scans, were evaluated for superior attachment of the uncinate process and the presence of agger nasi. Chi-square test was used as a statistical tool for eliciting the relationship between the two. Results The agger nasi cell was found in 68 (68%) of 100 sides. The prevalence of agger nasi cell according to the superior attachment of uncinate process types was 64.1% for lamina papyracea, 79.41% for skull base, and 53.84% for middle turbinate. The presence of agger nasi cell according to the superior attachment types of uncinate process was not statistically significant (X2 = 3.5925, p = 0.16592). Conclusion The agger nasi cell was found in 68 sides (68%), and there was no statistical significance between the superior attachment of the uncinate process and the presence of agger nasi cell. How to cite this article Shivaraj R, Dsouza C, Pinto G. Influence of Superior Attachment of the Uncinate Process on the Presence of Agger Nasi. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2016;9(1):21-23.

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Soil and Plant Phytoliths from the Acacia-Commiphora Mosaics at Oldupai Gorge (Tanzania)

10.31219/osf.io/3ed7f ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Julio Mercader ◽

Siobhan Clarke ◽

Mariam Bundala ◽

Julien Favreau ◽

Jamie Inwood ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Community Structure ◽

Plant Community ◽

Fossil Record ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Plant Community Structure ◽

Chi Square ◽

Genus Homo ◽

The Relationship ◽

Two Populations

This paper studies soil and plant phytoliths from the Eastern Serengeti Plains, specifically the Acacia-Commiphora mosaics from Oldupai Gorge, Tanzania, as present-day analogue for the environment that was contemporaneous with the emergence of the genus Homo. We investigate whether phytolith assemblages from recent soil surfaces reflect plant community structure and composition with fidelity. The materials included 35 topsoil samples and 29 plant species (20 genera, 15 families). Phytoliths were extracted from both soil and botanical samples. Quantification aimed at discovering relationships amongst the soil and plant phytoliths relative distributions through Chi–square independence tests, establishing the statistical significance of the relationship between categorical variables within the two populations. Soil assemblages form a spectrum, or cohort of co-ocurring phytolith classes, that will allow identifying environments similar to those in the Acacia-Commiphora ecozone in the fossil record.

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Computer-generated STOPP/START recommendations for hospitalised older adults: evaluation of the relationship between clinical relevance and rate of implementation in the SENATOR trial

Age and Ageing ◽

10.1093/ageing/afaa062 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 615-621 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kieran Dalton ◽

Denis Curtin ◽

Denis O’Mahony ◽

Stephen Byrne

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Clinical Relevance ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

University Hospital ◽

Chi Square ◽

Implementation Rate ◽

Key Factor ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

The Relationship ◽

Trial Intervention

Abstract Background findings from a recent qualitative study indicate that the perceived clinical relevance of computer-generated STOPP/START recommendations was a key factor affecting their implementation by physician prescribers caring for hospitalised older adults in the SENATOR trial. Aim to systematically evaluate the clinical relevance of these recommendations and to establish if clinical relevance significantly affected the implementation rate. Methods a pharmacist–physician pair retrospectively reviewed the case records for all SENATOR trial intervention patients at Cork University Hospital and assigned a degree of clinical relevance for each STOPP/START recommendation based on a previously validated six-point scale. The chi-square test was used to quantify the differences in prescriber implementation rates between recommendations of varying clinical relevance, with statistical significance set at P < 0.05. Results in 204 intervention patients, the SENATOR software produced 925 STOPP/START recommendations. Nearly three quarters of recommendations were judged to be clinically relevant (73.6%); however, nearly half of these were deemed of ‘possibly low relevance’ (320/681; 47%). Recommendations deemed of higher clinical relevance were significantly more likely to be implemented than those of lower clinical relevance (P < 0.05). Conclusions a large proportion (61%) of the computer-generated STOPP/START recommendations provided were of potential ‘adverse significance’, of ‘no clinical relevance’ or of ‘possibly low relevance’. The adjudicated clinical relevance of computer-generated medication recommendations significantly affects their implementation. Meticulous software refinement is required for future interventions of this type to increase the proportion of recommendations that are of high clinical relevance. This should facilitate their implementation, resulting in prescribing optimisation and improved clinical outcomes for multimorbid older adults.

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Evaluation of the Relationship Between Cytochrome P450 Polymorphisms and T2DM Risk

10.21203/rs.3.rs-74188/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

QingBin Zhao ◽

Huiyi Wei ◽

Zhiying Li ◽

Haoyang Wei

Keyword(s):

Statistical Significance ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Chi Square ◽

Single Nucleotide ◽

Gender Stratification ◽

Genotype Frequencies ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

The Relationship ◽

Control Study

Abstract Background: Recent studies have identified some genetic polymorphisms of CYP2C8 and CYP2D6 related to disease susceptibility. However, it has not been reported whether polymorphisms in CYP2C8 and CYP2D6 are associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We designed a case-control study to evaluate the relationship between those CYP polymorphisms and T2DM risk. Methods: Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of CYP2C8 and CYP2D6 were genotyped from 512 patients and 515 healthy controls using Agena MassARRAY. The chi-square test was used to compare the differences in allele and genotype frequencies between the two groups. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by logistic regression analysis to evaluate the relationship between polymorphism and T2DM risk. Results: The results found that the rs1065852 in CYP2D6 was correlated with the T2DM risk in overall (A vs. G: OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.03–1.45, P = 0.024; AA vs.GG: OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.04–2.06, P = 0.031; AA-AG vs. GG: OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.04–1.79, P = 0.026; additive: OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.02–1.44, P = 0.027). Gender stratification analysis results demonstrated that the rs1065852 in CYP2D6 was related with an increased the risk of T2DM in male and age < 59 years old. However, no statistical significance relation was found between CYP2C8 SNPs and T2DM risk. Conclusions: This study revealed that CYP2D6 (rs1065852) could be potential genetic markers of susceptibility to T2DM. Further studies are required to confirm our findings.

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TRAVELER’S KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES TO ACCESS TOURISM HEALTH CENTRE AT GUNUNGKIDUL: CASE STUDY AT INDRAYANTI BEACH

Epidemiology and Society Health Review (ESHR) ◽

10.26555/eshr.v2i1.1507 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 9

Author(s):

Noval Ali Lating ◽

Liena Sofiana

Keyword(s):

Sea Water ◽

Health Centre ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Marine Animals ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Knowledge And Attitude ◽

The Relationship

Background: Indrayanti beach located at Gunungkidul district, Yogyakarta. The number of tourists visited this beach has increased each year, meaning that it increases the health risks for the tourist and people involved, such as infectious diseases, blisters, lost, injured by objects or marine animals, sea water irritation. However, according to the previous study, a traveler who is accessing the Tourism Health Centre is low. This research aimed to identify the relationship between knowledge and attitude of the travelers in Indrayanti Beach to the traveler’s access to the Tourism Health Centre.Method: Quantitative analytical approach with a cross-sectional study design was applied in this study. Of 106 travelers was participate in this study that was recruited through accidental sampling. A tested questionnaire contained knowledge, and attitude was asked to the Indrayanti visitor. A Chi-square test was used to analyze the result.Results: There is a significant association between knowledge level (p=0.027) and attitude (p = 0.000) to the willingness to access the Tourism Health Centre. Conclusion: Knowledge and attitude are the primary aspects of the willingness to access the Tourism Health Centre.

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Local community attitude toward tourism development in capital cities: Example of Belgrade

Ekonomika preduzeca ◽

10.5937/ekopre2102041v ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 69 (3-4) ◽

pp. 41-54

Author(s):

Slavoljub Vujović ◽

Nenad Vujić ◽

Jelena Premović ◽

Marija Kalinić

Keyword(s):

Local Community ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Demographic Variables ◽

Chi Square ◽

Capital Cities ◽

Tourist Destinations ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

The Relationship ◽

Program Version

The research was done empirically in order to determine the relationship between socio-demographic variables and respondents' opinions on the advantages of the tourist offer of Belgrade over other European capitals as tourist destinations. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis (percentages, arithmetic mean), Chi-square test, t-test, one-factor analysis of variance, multiple linear regression and Pearson's correlation coefficient. The level of statistical significance was set at p<0.05, and all obtained data were processed in the SPSS program, version 23.

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