scholarly journals Analysis of Policy Making Factors on The Prohibition of Hormones and Antibiotics Use for Feed as a Public Health Protection

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Zaima Amalia ◽  
Wiku Adisasmito
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Antibiotics Use ◽  
Emerging Issues ◽  
The Government ◽  
Public Health Protection

Food safety is one of the current international emerging issues. The danger of using antibiotics in animal husbandry is one of the contributors to human resistance. In Indonesia, antibiotics are commonly used as growth promoters in animal husbandry. Prohibition on the use of hormones and antibiotics mixed into animal feed written in Law No. 18 of 2009 on Animal Husbandry and Health which is then clarified by the Minister of Agriculture Regulation No. 14/Permentan/PK.350/5/2017 on the Classification of Animal Drugs. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors which influence the formation of policy on the prohibition of hormone and antibiotic use as feed additives, especially health, legal, political and economic factors. This research uses descriptive study by qualitative approach. Data were collected using in-depth interviews and literature studies. The result shows that legal factors have a stronger influence than health, economic and political factors. The study recommends that the government should develop monitoring programs, conduct surveillance in feed and breeder entrepreneurs, establish good coordination with local governments, conduct further residue studies on animal source food, and further review the economic impact of the policy. Breeders also need to improve the cleanliness of the cage and try natural feed. While feed entrepreneurs need to find a replacement of antibiotic/hormone mixed feed safely.

scholarly journals The nutritional applications of garlic (Allium sativum) as natural feed additives in animals

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11934
Author(s):  
Jiashun Chen ◽  
Fang Wang ◽  
Yexin Yin ◽  
Xiaokang Ma
Keyword(s):  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Organosulfur Compounds ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Stress Markers

Garlic (Allium sativum) is an essential vegetable that has been widely utilized as seasoning, flavoring, culinary and in herbal remedies. Garlic contains several characteristic organosulfur compounds, such as diallyl sulfide, allicin (diallyl thiosulphate), γ-glutamylcysteine, and S-allyl cysteine (alliin) and ajoene, which garlic has beneficial effects on inflammation, oxidative stress markers, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and endothelial function in vitro or in animal model. These bioactive molecules are also playing pivotal role in livestock and fisheries production apart from its application in humans. Supplementation of animal feed with garlic and its related products is consistent with the modern agricultural concept of organic animal husbandry. This review compiles the information describing the effects of feeding garlic and its extracts on selected performance parameters in animals (chicken, rabbits, ruminants, pigs and fish). This review may provide reference for scientists and entrepreneurs to investigate the applications of feeds added with garlic and allicin by-products for the improvement of animal husbandry and aquatic production.

scholarly journals Mitigating Production Practices and Antibiotics Use in Meat Industries Prone to Economies of Scale by Institutional Novelties, Marketing and Voluntary Actions

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Ernst-August Nuppenau
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Density Reduction ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Antibiotics Use

<p>Achieving improved standards in animal husbandry (including less use of antibiotics) through appropriate interventions has become a matter of public concern. It is currently both, hot­ly debated and a challenge for food economics. The question is: how can one achi­eve change in a given environment of property rights and interests? This paper offers a novel appro­ach inten­ded for conflict solving in meat industries which are prone to economies of scale, which are under interna­tional and com­petitive pricing and which experience structural change. In parti­cu­lar, in case of: (i) economies of scale favouring large-scale production and high stocking den­sities (sup­ported by increased antibiotic use), (ii) political power about resistance to regu­late (avoiding strong interference), but also in contrast to (iii) consumers' wishes and willing­ness to pay (WTP for a change in production modes), there is a problem of coordination and institutions. In this article, the issue is delineated as a problem of political bargaining and cre­ating marketing channels (bro­ker and ag­ency) which shall actively pursue promotion of reduc­ed antibiotics use (specifically through redu­ced stocking density) as well as negotiations on compen­sations (for cost increase). Produ­cers are outlined with regards to scheme participation along willingness to ac­ce­pt (WTA). Stocking density reduction is used as proxi for more healthy an­i­­mal rearing met­hods. We establish interest functions and show how a bargain can be modelled in the tradition of Zusman’s political economy. Barga­in­ing involves power coef­fi­ci­ents for brokerage (premium sharing) as well as an agency (called FSA); the ag­ency is modelled as a bureaucracy op­timizing modified costs and benefits. In fact, the agency maxi­mi­zes its budget and ensures participation of willing producers to join programs. Finally we refer to ways how to solve the issue in modes of political economy models. The assumption is that asym­metric information prevails and consumers are willing to pay (WTP) for healthy food.</p>

scholarly journals Antibiotic use in animal feed and its impact on human healt

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary D. Barton
Keyword(s):  
Food Chain ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Human Medicine ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Animal Feeds ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters

AbstractAntibiotic resistance in bacteria that cause disease in man is an issue of major concern. Although misuse of antibiotics in human medicine is the principal cause of the problem, antibiotic-resistant bacteria originating in animals are contributory factors, with some types of resistance in some species of bacteria. Antibiotics are added to animal feeds to treat and prevent infections and to improve growth and production. Until recently, the major concerns about incorporation of antibiotics in animal feeds related to antibiotic residues in products from treated animals. Although, in 1969, the Swann (1969) report drew attention to the potential for antibiotic-resistant bacteria to spread from treated animals via the food chain, there was little response until the detection of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in animals fed a related glycopeptide, avoparcin. Subsequently, attention started to focus on the issue and other examples of transfer of resistant bacteria through the food chain, such as enterococci resistant to quinupristin–dalfopristin or to everninomicin, fluoroquinolone-resistant campylobacters and multiresistantEscherichia coli, and salmonella such asSalmonella typhimuriumDT104. Reviews and committees in many countries have highlighted the need for better control of licensing of antibiotics, and codes for prudent use of antibiotics by veterinary practitioners and farmers. The continued use of antibiotic growth promoters has been questioned and there is a need to ensure that antibiotics important in human medicine are not used therapeutically or prophylactically in animals.

scholarly journals Antibacterial activity of Bacillus species-derived surfactin on Brachyspira hyodysenteriae and Clostridium perfringens

AMB Express ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Bing Horng ◽  
Yu-Hsiang Yu ◽  
Andrzej Dybus ◽  
Felix Shih-Hsiang Hsiao ◽  
Yeong-Hsiang Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Bacterial Killing ◽  
Brachyspira Hyodysenteriae ◽  
Potential Alternative

AbstractSwine dysentery and necrotic enteritis are a bane to animal husbandry worldwide. Some countries have already banned the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in animal production. Surfactin is a potential alternative to antibiotics and antibacterial agents. However, the antibacterial activity of Bacillus species-derived surfactin on Brachyspira hyodysenteriae and Clostridium perfringens are still poorly understood. In the current study, the antibacterial effects of surfactin produced from Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis on B. hyodysenteriae and C. perfringens were evaluated. Results showed that multiple surfactin isoforms were detected in B. subtilis, while only one surfactin isoform was detected in B. licheniformis fermented products. The surfactin produced from B. subtilis exhibited significant antibacterial activity against B. hyodysenteriae compared with surfactin produced from B. licheniformis. B. subtilis-derived surfactin could inhibit bacterial growth and disrupt the morphology of B. hyodysenteriae. Furthermore, the surfactin produced from B. subtilis have the highest activity against C. perfringens growth. In contrast, B. licheniformis fermented product-derived surfactin had a strong bacterial killing activity against C. perfringens compared with surfactin produced from B. subtilis. These results together suggest that Bacillus species-derived surfactin have potential for development as feed additives and use as a possible substitute for antibiotics to prevent B. hyodysenteriae and C. perfringens-associated disease in the animal industry.

scholarly journals Antibiotic use in animal husbandry: A mixed-methods study among general community in Boyolali, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-127
Author(s):  
Hidayah Karuniawati ◽  
Mohamed Azmi Ahmad Hassali ◽  
Wan Ismahanisa Ismail ◽  
Taufik Taufik ◽  
Sri Suryawati
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Community Education ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
General Community

Background and Aim: Antibiotic resistance is one of the most serious problems worldwide. One predictive factor of increasing antibiotics resistance is the use of antibiotics in animals. This study aimed to explore the use of antibiotics for animal husbandry in a general community in Indonesia. Materials and Methods: A concurrent mixed-methods study was conducted. Data were collected from 407 respondents using a questionnaire, followed by an in-depth interview in 12 respondents. Data were analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. Results: Forty-two (10.32%) of 407 respondents used antibiotics for animal husbandry. Of these 42, >60% occasionally bought antibiotics from the pharmacy without prescription and 50% used their leftover antibiotics. Respondents also bought antibiotics from food stalls and animal feed shops. Tetracycline and amoxicillin were the most common antibiotics used for animal husbandry. The majority of respondents used antibiotics for therapeutic purposes and received information about using antibiotics for animal husbandry from friends and neighbors. Most of the respondents used antibiotics for animal husbandry incorrectly and had never heard of antibiotics resistance. Conclusion: Inappropriate antibiotic use in animal husbandry was common in the community. Education on the prudent use of antibiotics for animal husbandry is needed.

scholarly journals https://www.anbarjvs.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/1.pdf

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kifah Odhaib ◽  
Measem Alallawee ◽  
Zainab AL-Mousawi
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Animal Product ◽  
Deterioration Process ◽  
Herbal Plants ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
The Stability

The purpose of this review is to summarize the effectiveness, modes of action and commercial application of herbal plants and their derivatives as growth promoters for animal. As described in literature, the increase in the growth of farming prices and feed costs for small ruminant in general, led to increases difficulties in production of livestock. To dissolve this issue, several studies concentrated on new alternative of feed resource, but others have tried to enrich milk products and meat by rising polyphenol compounds content to their by introductions of herbal plants in sheep and goat feed. Currently, consumers demand safety and the quality of feeding. Since antibiotics can be leave residues in ruminant tissues, that could induce subsequent emergence of resistant strains of microorganisms capable of endangering the health of livestock and human. This scenario has given the impetus to explore alternatives to antibiotics in animal nutrition. Consequently, as replacement for the synthetic growth promoter’s antibiotics, natural products like herbs and spice as natural feed additives come to the attention to enhance physiological functions. So, the use of feeds containing bioactive compounds such as thymol, flavonoids, saponins, limonene, thymoquinone, essential oils and others which concentrated in different parts, such as leaves, roots and seeds that can be used for these purpose in animal feed and responsible for the healthy animal product. Furthermore, one of the hot points in the advanced research is the stability of animal product against the oxidative deterioration process that limits the shelf life.

scholarly journals Occurrence and Relatedness of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci in Animals, Humans, and the Environment in Different European Regions

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 5383-5390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inger Kühn ◽  
Aina Iversen ◽  
Maria Finn ◽  
Christina Greko ◽  
Lars G. Burman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Urban Sewage ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Hospital Sewage ◽  
High Degree

ABSTRACT Vancomycin-resistant enterococcci (VRE) in Europe are thought to have emerged partly due to the use of the glycopeptide avoparcin in animal husbandry. We compared the occurrence of VRE in geographical regions of Europe in which until 1997 large amounts of avoparcin were used (Spain, United Kingdom, and Denmark) with the occurrence of VRE in Sweden, where avoparcin was banned in 1986. We also studied the relatedness between VRE strains from different regions and habitats. In total, 2,580 samples were collected from humans, animals, and the environment (soil, sewage, recipient water). VRE resistant to 20 μg/ml vancomycin were identified in 8.2% of the samples and were found most frequently in raw and treated urban sewage samples (means, 71% and 36% of the samples, respectively), pig manure (17%), and hospital sewage (16%). The proportions of VRE-positive sewage samples were similar in Sweden, Spain, and the United Kingdom, whereas pig feces and manure were more often positive in Spain than in Sweden (30% versus 1%). Most VRE were Enterococcus faecium carrying vanA, and computerized biochemical phenotyping of the isolates of different ecological origins showed a high degree of polyclonality. In conclusion, it seems that animal-associated VRE probably reflect the former use of avoparcin in animal production, whereas VRE in human-associated samples may be a result of antibiotic use in hospitals. Since there seems to be a reservoir of the resistance genes in all countries studied, precautions must be taken to limit the use of antibiotics and antibiotic-like feed additives.

scholarly journals Study In Vitro: Kombinasi Herbal dan Probiotik sebagai Alternatif Antibiotic Growth Promoter

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinsa Cantya Prakasita
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Growth Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters ◽  
The Government

Antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) are widely used in animal feed for feed efficiency, stimulate growth, productivity and minimize mortality by preventing infection, but now its use has been officially banned by the government. As a result of the ban, many farmers or animal feed producer seek solutions in various ways such as the addition of herbs, probiotics, and a combination of both, but there are still few reports on the role of herbs, probiotics and a combination of both for alternative substitutes for AGP. This study aims to determine the role of herbs in the growth of probiotics. Herbs used ginger, turmeric, galingale, wild ginger, and temuireng, while the probiotics used are Bifidobacterium longum, B. bifidum, Bacillus sp., and Saccharomyces cereviciae. The benefits of herbs in supporting probiotics were tested using the disc diffusion method. Chloramphenicol disc ware used as control positive. Observation and measurement of the growth zone of probiotics were carried out after incubation. The results of this study prove that herbs do not inhibit the growth of probiotics. Herbal content can be a prebiotic candidate that can support the growth of probiotics. The combination of herbal-probiotics can potentially be an AGP substitute in animal feed.

Alternative approaches to antimicrobial use in the turkey industry: Challenges and perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-47
Author(s):  
Ashley A. Gernat ◽  
Fernanda B. O. Santos ◽  
Jesse L. Grimes
Keyword(s):  
Public Perception ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Consumer Acceptance ◽  
Antibiotic Administration ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Purchasing Behavior ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Major Shift ◽  
Alternative Approaches

Poultry production has experienced a major shift with the prohibition of the use of antimicrobials and antibiotics as growth promoters. The industry in general, and more specifically turkey producers, are facing a changing world in that many consumers have a perception and certain beliefs about food production while the truth maybe something else. Additionally, perception has become a reality when it comes to consumer acceptance, which affects consumer purchasing behavior. In this regard, in many cases and genres, the public perception of antibiotic use in turkey production can be generally negative. The truth that antibiotics and other antimicrobials can be beneficial to both turkeys and consumers is lost. Therefore, turkey producers are accepting the challenge to rear turkey flocks without growth promoting antibiotics or antimicrobials. In some cases and some locales, this has become the law. In other markets, consumer desires and purchasing habits are the driving force for change. Turkey producers are scrutinizing production practices to ascertain and provide the optimal environment for turkey production. In addition, alternatives to antibiotics are being developed, tested, evaluated, and used for turkey production in increasing frequency. These include, but not limited to, probiotics (direct-fed microbials), prebiotics, organic acids, essential oils, spices, and plant and yeast extracts. Researchers are joining forces with turkey producers to develop use plans for these feed additives that, in most cases, are not the same as for antibiotic administration. Turkey producers have become proactive in developing these plans and are preparing to provide exceptional quality products that will meet consumer acceptance. However, more research focusing specifically on turkeys is certainly needed so that these alternative approaches can be optimized to meet the turkey production necessities.

scholarly journals IN VITRO ASSESSMENT OF BINDING CAPACITY OF COMBINED ADSORBENT (BENTONITE WITH YEAST CELL WALL EXTRACTS) AND AFLATOXIN B1

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
Ksenija Nesic ◽  
Sandra Jaksic ◽  
Nenad Popov ◽  
Milica Zivkov-Balos ◽  
Marko Pajic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
European Regulation

The contamination of animal feed with mycotoxins is a worldwide problem in the animal husbandry, but it also represents a serious threat for the whole food chain. The health of both animals and humans is potentially endangered. From this point of view aflatoxins are a class of mycotoxins especially well known. Therefore, new strategies to combat these natural contaminants are constantly being developed. The most applied method to protect animals against aflatoxicosis is the utilization of feed additives aimed to adsorb aflatoxins. In order to estimate adsorbing potential of feed additive “MycoStop DUPLO”, designed for the prevention and/or alleviation of adverse effects of aflatoxin B1 in animal nutrition, in vitro trial was conducted. As a result of the experiment, conducted at pH 5 during 120 minutes of incubation at 37°C, the optimal formulation of the adsorbent was revealed. This product, in low concentration and in the presence of high amounts of toxin, met the stringent European regulation requirements for minimum 90% aflatoxin binding efficiency (90.1% achieved with 0.02% adsorbent and 4 mg/L toxin concentration). In higher adsorbent (0.2%), and lower toxin (0.2 mg/L) conditions, adsorption was 99.6%. Such outcome indicated the validity of in vitro experimental approach which can serve as a reliable fast tool for triage of adsorbents and preselect them for in vivo tests.

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