Insulin-like growth factor 1 and growth seasonality in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) - comparisons with temperate and tropical cervids

Growth in temperate and arctic deer is seasonal, with higher growth rates in spring and summer while growth rates are low or negative in autumn and winter. We have measured IGF1 concentrations in the plasma of reindeer calves exposed to a manipulated photoperiod, indoors, of either 16 hours light followed by 8 hours dark each day (16L:8D) (n = 3) or 8L:16D (n = 3) from about the autumnal to the vernal equinox, to determine whether the seasonal growth spurt normally seen in spring is associated with changes in the circulating level of IGF1. A high quality concentrate diet was available ad libitum. The animals were weighed, and bled every 2 weeks and plasma samples assayed for IGF1 by radioimmunoassay. 6-8 weeks after the start of the study those calves exposed to 16L.-8D showed a significant increase in plasma IGF1 concentration which was maintained until the close of the experiment, 24 weeks after the start. In contrast IGF1 plasma concentrations in those calves exposed to a daylength of 8L:16D did not significantly alter during the study. The elevated IFG1 in the 16L:8D group was associated with rapid weight gain compared with the 8L:16D group. We have shown that the seasonal growth spurt is preceded by an elevation in plasma IFG1 concentration. Further, this elevation in IGF1 is daylength dependent. For comparison IGF1 and growth rate seasonal profiles from temperate and tropical deer are included. This comparison reveals that seasonal increases in IGF1 take place only in animals with a seasonal growth spurt. Thus IGF1 plasma level elevations seem most closely associated with the resumption of rapid growth in spring following the winter.

Download Full-text

Corrigendum - Seasonal variation in voluntary feed intake and growth in cashmere bucks fed ad libitum diets of low or high quality

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9940355c ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 355

Author(s):

SW Walkden-Brown ◽

BW Norton ◽

BJ Restall

Keyword(s):

Diet Quality ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Growth Rates ◽

Seasonal Pattern ◽

Late Summer ◽

Growth Cycle ◽

High Quality ◽

Voluntary Feed Intake ◽

Natural Photoperiod ◽

Ad Libitum

The effects of season and diet quality on voluntary feed intake and growth were examined in mature cashmere bucks over a 16 month period at Wollongbar (29�S., 153� E.). Three-year-old bucks were individually housed under natural photoperiod and fed ad libitum diets of High (pelleted lucerne, CP 17.6%, ME 8.3 MJ/kg) or Low (pasture hay; CP 6.9%, ME 6.6 mJ/kg) quality, between July 1988 and Oct. 1989 (n = 6/treatment). Bucks on both diets exhibited a seasonal pattern in voluntary feed intake with maximal intakes during spring and summer, and minimal intakes during autumn. The pattern appeared to be circannual with high intakes during spring of both years. Liveweight also varied with season peaking in mid to late summer and reaching a seasonal nadir in late autumn or early winter. Change in liveweight was closely associated with digestible energy intake ( r = 0-87, P < 0.001) resulting in a growth cycle closely resembling that of voluntary feed intake. In both treatments, bucks lost weight throughout autumn, while growth rates were maximal between mid-winter and mid-spring. Diet quality did not alter the magnitude of the autumnal decline in liveweight with bucks losing 7.6% (Low) and 7.8% (High) of liveweight during this period. However, bucks on the high quality diet exhibited significantly elevated growth rates between mid-winter and mid-spring. We conclude that mature cashmere bucks exhibit an annual growth cycle with weight loss during autumn and maximal weight gains between mid-winter and mid-spring; that the growth cycle is driven primarily by changes in voluntary feed intake; and that increasing diet quality does not reduce the autumnal decline in liveweight but significantly increases liveweight gain during the seasonal peak in growth.

Download Full-text

Seasonal variation in voluntary feed intake and growth in cashmere bucks fed ad libitum diets of low or high quality

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9940355 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 355

Author(s):

SW Walkden-Brown ◽

BW Norton ◽

BJ Restall

Keyword(s):

Diet Quality ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Growth Rates ◽

Seasonal Pattern ◽

Late Summer ◽

Growth Cycle ◽

High Quality ◽

Voluntary Feed Intake ◽

Natural Photoperiod ◽

Ad Libitum

Download Full-text

A REVIEW OF 10 YEARS' RESEARCH WITH RED CLOVERS UNDER GRAZING IN SOUTHLAND

Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association ◽

10.33584/jnzg.1989.50.1885 ◽

1989 ◽

pp. 181-187

Author(s):

R.J.M. Hay ◽

D.L. Ryan

Keyword(s):

Tall Fescue ◽

Red Clover ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Seasonal Growth ◽

Sheep Grazing ◽

High Quality ◽

Late Flowering ◽

Heavy Weight ◽

Widespread Acceptance ◽

Summer Growth

In a series of trials at Grasslands Gore, over 10 years, the late-flowering tetraploid red clover 'Grassland Pawera' was more productive and persistent than other red clover cultivars. The strong summer growth of Pawera meets the need for heavy-weight lamb feed and high quality forage for conservation in intensive sheep farming systems in Southland. Lenient. infrequent defoliation is necessary to maximise DM production and persistence of Pawera. The most compatible of the grasses evaluated was 'Grasslands Roa' tall fescue. However, 'Grasslands Nui' ryegrass will still be the major grass sown with Pawera owing to its widespread acceptance. In ryegrass mixtures, sowing rates of 5-7 kg/ha of red clover were needed to optimise establishment and subsequent yield. Evidence of oestrogenic activity of Pewera to sheep prompted Grasslands Division to select within Pawera for a low formononetin cultivar. Keywords: red clover, Pawera. Hamua, Turoa. G21. G22, G27. oestrogenic activity, Nui ryegrass, Roa tall fescue, Maru phalaris. Southland, sheep grazing, frequency, intensity, quality. seasonal growth

Download Full-text

StalGrowth—A Program to Estimate Speleothem Growth Rates and Seasonal Growth Variations

Geosciences ◽

10.3390/geosciences11050187 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 187

Author(s):

Rolf Vieten ◽

Francisco Hernandez

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Growth Rates ◽

Environmental Parameters ◽

Ion Concentration ◽

Radiometric Dating ◽

Seasonal Growth ◽

Climate Signal ◽

Show Evidence ◽

Cave Monitoring ◽

Calcium Ion Concentration

Speleothems are one of the few archives which allow us to reconstruct the terrestrial paleoclimate and help us to understand the important climate dynamics in inhabited regions of our planet. Their time of growth can be precisely dated by radiometric techniques, but unfortunately seasonal radiometric dating resolution is so far not feasible. Numerous cave environmental monitoring studies show evidence for significant seasonal variations in parameters influencing carbonate deposition (calcium-ion concentration, cave air pCO2, drip rate and temperature). Variations in speleothem deposition rates need to be known in order to correctly decipher the climate signal stored in the speleothem archive. StalGrowth is the first software to quantify growth rates based on cave monitoring results, detect growth seasonality and estimate the seasonal growth bias. It quickly plots the predicted speleothem growth rate together with the influencing cave environmental parameters to identify which parameter(s) cause changes in speleothem growth rate, and it can also identify periods of no growth. This new program has been applied to multiannual cave monitoring studies in Austria, Gibraltar, Puerto Rico and Texas, and it has identified two cases of seasonal varying speleothem growth.

Download Full-text

Thin, high quality GaInP compositionally graded buffer layers grown at high growth rates for metamorphic III–V solar cell applications

Journal of Crystal Growth ◽

10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2013.10.043 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 393 ◽

pp. 64-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

I. Garcia ◽

R.M. France ◽

J.F. Geisz ◽

J. Simon

Keyword(s):

Solar Cell ◽

Growth Rates ◽

High Growth ◽

Buffer Layers ◽

High Quality

Download Full-text

Spurious Persistence and Unit Roots due to Seasonal Differencing: The Case of Inflation Rates / Künstliche Persistenz und Einheitswurzeln infolge saisonaler Differenzen: Das Beispiel Inflationsraten

Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik ◽

10.1515/jbnst-2005-0404 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 225 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Uwe Hassler ◽

Matei Demetrescu

Keyword(s):

Growth Rates ◽

Unit Root ◽

Unit Roots ◽

Annual Growth ◽

Seasonal Growth ◽

Seasonal Differences ◽

Inflation Rates ◽

European Economies ◽

Seasonal Data

SummaryStudying annual growth rates (seasonal differences) in case of seasonal data produces much more persistence, autocorrelation and stronger evidence in favour of a unit root than analyzing seasonal growth rates (ordinary differences). First, this statement is quantified theoretically. Second, it is supported experimentally with simulations, and, finally, it is empirically illustrated with quarterly GDP deflators from 7 European economies.

Download Full-text

NUTRITIVE VALUE OF FRESH AND DRIED MARROW-STEM KALE HARVESTED AT TWO DIFFERENT PERIODS

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas73-041 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 53 (2) ◽

pp. 257-263 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

G. PELLETIER ◽

E. DONEFER

Keyword(s):

Brassica Oleracea ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Chemical Analyses ◽

High Quality ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Gross Energy ◽

Plant Constituents ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Voluntary Intake

Three yearling Cheviot × Suffolk ewes and three Columbia wethers were confined in metabolic cages and fed ad libitum fresh and dried marrow-stem kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala D.C.) harvested in mid- and late October. Chemical analyses of the forages indicated no marked effects on any of the plant constituents due to drying or advancing maturity. Digestibility measurements demonstrated that marrow-stem kale (MSK) was a highly digestible material with an average dry matter digestibility of 78%. The fresh forages had higher (P < 0.05) dry matter and gross energy digestibility values than the dried form. Dry matter digestibility coefficients were higher (P < 0.05) for late October as compared with the earlier harvest. A trend toward higher (P > 0.05) voluntary intake values due to drying maturity was observed with an average relative intake of 80%. The nutritive value index averaged 65, thus indicating a digestible energy intake similar to a high-quality (legume) forage.

Download Full-text

A comparison of first-, second- and third-cut timothy silages in the diets of finishing beef bulls

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.23986/afsci.60413 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 16 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Arto Kalevi Huuskonen ◽

Maiju Pesonen

Keyword(s):

Growth Rates ◽

Present Experiment ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Feeding Experiment ◽

The Third ◽

Grass Silage ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Dietary Treatments ◽

Vitamin Mixture

The objective of the present experiment was to study the effects of the third-cut grass silage compared with the first- and second-cut silages on intake, performance and carcass characteristics of finishing bulls. A feeding experiment comprised 45 Simmental bulls which were fed a total mixed ration ad libitum. The three dietary treatments included either first-, second- or third-cut grass silage (550 g kg-1 dry matter), rolled barley (435 g kg-1 dry matter) and a mineral-vitamin mixture (15 g kg-1 dry matter). Dry matter and energy intakes and growth rates of the bulls increased when either first- or third-cut silages were used instead of the second-cut silage. This was probably due to differences in digestibility, which was the lowest in the second-cut silage. There were no differences in intake or growth between the first- and third-cut silage-based rations. No significant differences in carcass traits among the feeding treatments were observed.

Download Full-text

Health, body condition and blood metabolites in reindeer after submaintenance feed intake and subsequent feeding

Rangifer ◽

10.7557/2.20.4.1481 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 187 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

A. Nilsson ◽

Ö. Danell ◽

M. Murphy ◽

K. Olsson ◽

B. Åhman

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Plasma Protein ◽

Rangifer Tarandus ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Diet Group ◽

The Body ◽

Plasma Metabolites ◽

Control Group ◽

Feeding Period

The transition from experimentally induced poor nutritional conditions to feeding was studied with 69 eight-month-old female reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus). During a pre-experimental period, all reindeer were fed a simulated winter diet with 80% lichens Cladina spp. and 20% Vaccinum myrtillus shrubs and Salix spp. leaves (lichen diet) ad lib. The reindeer were divided into five groups. A control group (group C) was fed the lichen diet ad lib. throughout the experiment. Four groups were fed half of that ration for eight days and were then totally deprived of feed for one day (restriction period). During the following 34 days (feeding period) the groups were re-fed the lichen diet (group L), fed pelleted reindeer feed combined with either lichen (group PL) or grass silage (group PS), or fed silage with a gradually increasing addition of pellets (group SP). Weekly measurements of blood samples and body weighr showed that the control group remained clinically healthy and had stable blood plasma concentrations of protein, urea, glucose and insulin throughout the experiment, but they lost weight. At slaughter, before and after the restriction period, all animals had lost rumen-free body weight, but the reindeer fed a restricted amount of feed lost more than the control group. Also the plasma metabolites were affected by the restricted feeding, with increased concentrations of urea and decreased concentrations of glucose. Group L responded immediately to the ad lib. feeding with blood metabolite levels rapidly approaching those of group C. The body weight developments were similar in groups L and C. Although the feed rations were increased gradually, diarrhoea occurred in some animals belonging to groups PL and PS within the first week of the feeding period. All reindeer recovered, after antibiotic treatment of the worst affected animals. The PL and PS groups, which had high contents of metabolisable energy and crude protein in their diets, showed increased con-centtations of plasma protein, urea and insulin. At the end of the feeding period, these groups had increased their body and carcass weights and gained fat, whereas reindeer fed the lichen diet had lost weight. Severe health problems (malnutrition and so-called wet belly) occurred in group SP during the first weeks of feeding and led to loss of animals, and consequently the SP group was excluded from the remainder of rhe experiment. The general conclusion is that the lichen diet did not cause any digestive problems, but resulted in a continuous decline in body weight and small or deficient fat reserves. After the initial diarrhoea, feeding with diets comprising pellets from the start resulted in improved condition, expressed as increased body weight, fat gain and higher concentrations of plasma protein, urea and insulin in relation to the control group. The diet initially based on grass in the form of silage of the given quality seemed insufficient as feed to reindeer calves in a poor nutritional state.

Download Full-text

Growth rates and morphological measurements of Porcupine caribou calves

Rangifer ◽

10.7557/2.9.1.769 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 9 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Katherine L. Parker

Keyword(s):

Surface Area ◽

Growth Rates ◽

Rangifer Tarandus ◽

Type I ◽

Feeding Regime ◽

Barren Ground ◽

Body Weights ◽

In The Wild

Body weights, leg lengths, and surface area were monitored for bottle-raised barren-ground caribou calves (Rangifer tarandus granti) from the Porcupine herd up to 1 year of age. Body weights were compared with maternally-raised calves from the same cohort in the wild and from the Delta herd. A successful feeding regime for bottle-raising caribou calves is presented.Veksthastigheter og morfologiske mål hos Porcupine karibu-kalver.Abstract in Norwegian / Sammendrag: Kroppsvekter, visse knokkel-lengder og kropps-overflate areal ble målt hos flaske-oppfødde kalver av barren-ground karibu (Rangifer tarandus granti) fra Porcupine-stammen opp til 1 års alder. Kroppsvekter ble sammelignet med normalt oppfødde kalver av samme type i det fri og fra Delta-stam-men. Det presenteres et vellykket system for flaske-oppforing av karibu-kalver.Porcupine-lauman karibuvasojen kasvunopeus ja morfologiset mitat.Abstract in Finnish / Yhteenveto: Porcupine -lauman pulloruokinnalla olleiden tundrakaribuvasojen ruumiinpainot, jalanpituu-det ja ruumiin pinta-alat mitattiin 1 vuoden ikäään saakka. Ruumiinpainoja verrattiin vastaaviin luonnon-oloissa kasvaneisiin saman lauman ja Delta -lauman vasoihin. Tutkimus kuvaa toimivan vasojen pulloruo-kintamenetelmän.

Download Full-text