Growth rates and morphological measurements of Porcupine caribou calves

Body weights, leg lengths, and surface area were monitored for bottle-raised barren-ground caribou calves (Rangifer tarandus granti) from the Porcupine herd up to 1 year of age. Body weights were compared with maternally-raised calves from the same cohort in the wild and from the Delta herd. A successful feeding regime for bottle-raising caribou calves is presented.Veksthastigheter og morfologiske mål hos Porcupine karibu-kalver.Abstract in Norwegian / Sammendrag: Kroppsvekter, visse knokkel-lengder og kropps-overflate areal ble målt hos flaske-oppfødde kalver av barren-ground karibu (Rangifer tarandus granti) fra Porcupine-stammen opp til 1 års alder. Kroppsvekter ble sammelignet med normalt oppfødde kalver av samme type i det fri og fra Delta-stam-men. Det presenteres et vellykket system for flaske-oppforing av karibu-kalver.Porcupine-lauman karibuvasojen kasvunopeus ja morfologiset mitat.Abstract in Finnish / Yhteenveto: Porcupine -lauman pulloruokinnalla olleiden tundrakaribuvasojen ruumiinpainot, jalanpituu-det ja ruumiin pinta-alat mitattiin 1 vuoden ikäään saakka. Ruumiinpainoja verrattiin vastaaviin luonnon-oloissa kasvaneisiin saman lauman ja Delta -lauman vasoihin. Tutkimus kuvaa toimivan vasojen pulloruo-kintamenetelmän.

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Genetic and physiological variation in two strains of Japanese quail

Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology ◽

10.1186/s43141-020-00100-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nashat Saeid Ibrahim ◽

Mohammed Ahmed El-Sayed ◽

Heba Abdelwahab Mahmoud Assi ◽

Ahmed Enab ◽

Abdel-Moneim Eid Abdel-Moneim

Keyword(s):

Japanese Quail ◽

Type I Collagen ◽

Collagen Type ◽

Pectoral Muscle ◽

Collagen Type I ◽

Scientific Basis ◽

Type I ◽

Improvement Program ◽

Body Weights ◽

Physiological Variations

Abstract Background Detecting the genetic and physiological variations in two Japanese quail strains could be used to suggest a new avian model for future breeding studies. Consequently, two estimations were performed on two Japanese quail strains: gray quail strain (GJQS) and white jumbo quail strain (WJQS). The first estimation was conducted on carcass characteristics, breast muscles, breast concentration of collagen type I, and body measurements. In contrast, blood samples were collected for the second estimation for genomic DNA extraction and genetic analysis. Results A total of 62 alleles out of 97 specific alleles (63.92%) were detected overall loci (14 microsatellite loci) for the two strains. A total of 27 specific alleles of WJQS were observed, and 35 were obtained for GJQS. The percentage of similarity was 48.09% ranged from 4.35 with UBC001 to 100% with GUJ0051. WJQS had greater body weights and a higher value of pectoral muscle and supracoracoideus muscle than GJQS. The breast muscles of GJQS exhibited a higher concentration of type I collagen than the WJQS. Furthermore, males showed higher concentrations of collagen type I than females. WJQS showed a higher body length, chest girth, chest length, thigh length, thigh girth, drumstick length, and drumstick girth (cm) than GJQS. WJQS showed more significant differences in carcass traits compared with GJQS. Conclusion The physiological differences between WJQS and GJQS were ascertained with microsatellite markers, which indicated high polymorphism between these strains. These observations provided a scientific basis for evaluating and utilizing the genetic resources of WJQS and GJQS in a future genetic improvement program.

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Analysis of the Morpho-Geometrical Changes of the Root Canal System Produced by TF Adaptive vs. BioRace: A Micro-Computed Tomography Study

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14030531 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 531

Author(s):

Loai Alsofi ◽

Muhannad Al Harbi ◽

Martin Stauber ◽

Khaled Balto

Keyword(s):

Surface Area ◽

Root Canal ◽

Type I ◽

Structure Model ◽

Canal Surface ◽

Canal System ◽

Structure Model Index ◽

Continuous Rotation ◽

Before And After ◽

Root Canal System

We aimed to analyze the morpho-geometric changes of the root canal system created by two rotary systems (TF Adaptive and BioRace) using micro-CT technology. Two concepts of rotary file system kinematics, continuous rotation and adaptive kinematics, were used in root canal preparation. Twenty mandibular molars (n = 20) were selected with the following criteria: the teeth have mesial roots with a single and continuous isthmus connecting the mesiobuccal and mesiolingual canals (Vertucci’s Type I configuration) and distal roots with independent canals. Teeth were scanned at a resolution of 14 μm. Canals were divided equally into two groups and then enlarged sequentially using the BioRace system and TF Adaptive system according to manufacturer protocol. Co-registered images, before and after preparation, were evaluated for morphometric measurements of canal surface area, volume, structure model index, thickness, straightening, and un-instrumented surface area. Before and after preparation, data were statistically analyzed using a paired sample t-test. After preparation, data were analyzed using an unpaired sample test. The preparation by both systems significantly changed canal surface area, volume, structure model index, and thickness in both systems. There were no significant differences between instrument types with respect to these parameters (p > 0.05). TF Adaptive was associated with less straightening (8% compared with 17% for BioRace in the mesial canal, p > 0.05). Both instrumentation systems produced canal preparations with adequate geometrical changes. BioRace straightened the mesial canals more than TF Adaptive.

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PRE-MATERNAL ISOLATION EFFECTS ON BEHAVIOUR AND ENDOCRINE FUNCTION OF OFFSPRING

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0620367 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 62 (2) ◽

pp. 367-384 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. M. Sackler ◽

A. S. Weltman ◽

R. Schwartz ◽

P. Steinglass

Keyword(s):

Locomotor Activity ◽

Growth Rates ◽

Female Offspring ◽

The Body ◽

Endocrine Function ◽

Male And Female ◽

Isolation Stress ◽

Developmental Growth ◽

Body Weights ◽

And Control

ABSTRACT This report was designed to determine combined effects of maternal endocrine imbalances and abnormal behaviour due to prolonged isolation stress of female mice on the behaviour, developmental growth rate and endocrine function of their offspring. Sixty female albino mice averaging 19 g were divided equally into isolated and control groups. The isolated females were housed singly; control females were maintained in groups of 2 mice per cage. After observation of behavioural and physiological effects characteristic of isolation stress in the test mice, all isolated and control mice were mated after a 6½ month experimental, isolation period. No differences were observed in fertility and fecundity of the two groups of mothers. Analyses of developmental growth rates of the litters of the isolated versus control mothers showed significantly lower body weights in the test offspring at 3 and 4 weeks of age. The body weights of the female offspring remained significantly lower from the 4th to 11th weeks. The effects on the body weights of the male offspring declined and were no longer statistically significant at the 5th to 11 weeks. Locomotor activity at 4½ and 8 weeks of age was markedly or significantly higher in the male and female mice from isolated mothers. Tail-blood samples taken prior to autopsy at 5 and 11 weeks of age revealed significant decreases in the total leukocyte and eosinophil counts of both sexes. At the two ages, the absolute and relative spleen and thymus weights of the male and female offspring were markedly and/or significantly lower than the values observed in counterpart young from control females. Significant decreases were also observed in the absolute gonadal organ weights of both sexes at 11 weeks of age. The various data indicated inhibited growth rates, heightened locomotor activity and evasiveness, as well as evidence of increased adrenocortical function in the offspring from test mothers. The gonadal weight decreases suggested retarded gonadal development. Further studies using split-litter techniques are required to differentiate the effects of prenatal endocrine imbalances versus postnatal maternal influence (i. e., nursing care) on the offspring.

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Growth and zinc homeostasis in the severely Zn-deficient rat

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19840122 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 52 (3) ◽

pp. 545-560 ◽

Cited By ~ 86

Author(s):

R. Giugliano ◽

D. J. Millward

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Growth Rates ◽

Control Diet ◽

Rate Of Change ◽

Zinc Homeostasis ◽

Whole Body ◽

Zn Deficiency ◽

Control Groups ◽

Body Weights ◽

Cyclic Changes

1. Male weanling rats were fed on diets either adequate (55 mg/kg), or severely deficient (0.4 mg/kg) in zinc, either ad lib. or in restricted amounts in four experiments. Measurements were made of growth rates and Zn contents of muscle and several individual tissues.2. Zn-deficient rats exhibited the expected symptoms of deficiency including growth retardation, cyclic changes in food intake and body-weight.3. Zn deficiency specifically reduced whole body and muscle growth rates as indicated by the fact that (a) growth rates were lower in ad lib.-fed Zn-deficient rats compared with rats pair-fed on the control diet in two experiments, (b) Zn supplementation increased body-weights of Zn-deficient rats given a restricted amount of diet at a level at which they maintained weight if unsupplemented, (c) Zn supplementation maintained body-weights of Zn-deficient rats fed a restricted amount of diet at a level at which they lost weight if unsupplemented (d) since the ratio, muscle mass:body-weight was lower in the Zn-deficient rats than in the pair-fed control groups, the reduction in muscle mass was greater than the reduction in body-weight.4. Zn concentrations were maintained in muscle, spleen and thymus, reduced in comparison to some but not all control groups in liver, kidney, testis and intestine, and markedly reduced in plasma and bone. In plasma, Zn concentrations varied inversely with the rate of change of body-weight during the cyclic changes in body-weight.5. Calculation of the total Zn in the tissues examined showed a marked increase in muscle Zn with a similar loss from bone, indicating that Zn can be redistributed from bone to allow the growth of other tissues.6. The magnitude of the increase in muscle Zn in the severely Zn-deficient rat, together with the magnitude of the total losses of muscle tissue during the catabolic phases of the cycling, indicate that in the Zn-deficient rat Zn may be highly conserved in catabolic states.

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Growth Rates and Intraspecific Variation in Body Weights of Raccoons (Procyon lotor) in Southern Texas

The American Midland Naturalist ◽

10.1674/0003-0031(1999)141[0019:graivi]2.0.co;2 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 141 (1) ◽

pp. 19-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

STANLEY D. GEHRT ◽

ERIK K. FRITZELL

Keyword(s):

Intraspecific Variation ◽

Growth Rates ◽

Procyon Lotor ◽

Body Weights

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Concentrations of glucose, albumin, inorganic phosphate and sodium in the blood of beef calves at 2 ½ months of age and their relationships with subsequent weight gain

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600027933 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 94 (1) ◽

pp. 95-104 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

G. J. Rowlands

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Growth Rates ◽

Inorganic Phosphate ◽

The Body ◽

The Other ◽

Growth Depression ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Beef Calves ◽

Body Weights

SummaryBlood samples were taken at 9, 10 and 11 weeks of age from 230 male Hereford × Friesian calves, the progeny of 12 Hereford bulls. Concentrations of blood glucose, serum albumin, inorganic phosphate and sodium were measured and correlated with body weights and growth rates until slaughter at 19½ months of age.Correlations between growth rates and glucose concentrations (0·44) and between growth rates and albumin concentrations (0·38) were observed until 4 months of age. Similar correlations between body weights and blood glucose or albumin concentrations persisted until 6 months of age. By 10 months, however, the correlations had begun to decline, and by slaughter they had become insignificant.Correlations between growth rates and inorganic phosphate or sodium concentrations were smaller, and also decreased with age.The effect of hypoglycaemia on growth rate was compared with the effect of enzootic pneumonia. Although the 10% of calves with the lowest glucose concentrations were growing 24% more slowly than the other calves at the time of sampling, this growth depression was not related to pneumonia, and they subsequently made up for most of the early loss of growth.Three blood samples were also taken from 22 Hereford bulls. No significant correlations were observed between the blood composition of the bulls and the body weights or weight gains of their progeny.

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Growth and body weight of free-range reindeer in western Alaska

Rangifer ◽

10.7557/2.20.4.1517 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 20 (2-3) ◽

pp. 221 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Greg L. Finstad ◽

Alexander K. Prichard

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Growth Rates ◽

Total Body Weight ◽

Growth Patterns ◽

Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽

Adult Males ◽

Body Weights ◽

Total Body ◽

Reproductive Females ◽

Average Body

Total body weight of 9749 reindeer calves and 4798 adult reindeer were measured from 1984 to 1999 on the Seward Peninsula, western Alaska, USA. Growth rates of male and female calves, and annual growth patterns of adults were determined. Male calves grew faster than female calves. Reproductive females were lighter than non-reproductive females during summer but there was no effect of reproduction on average body weights the following winter. Adult males age 3-5 were heavier during summer than winter. Castrated males weighed the same as uncastrated males in summer, but were significantly heavier in winter, and did not display the large annual fluctuations in weight typical of reproductive males and females. Growth rates were higher and body weights greater in this herd than many other cir-cumpolar reindeer populations. We suggest these kinds of physiological indices should be used to monitor the possible effects of spatial and temporal variation in population density and to evaluate changes in herding practices.

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Microporous activated carbon developed from KOH activated biomass waste: surface mechanistic study of methylene blue dye adsorption

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2021.355 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ali H. Jawad ◽

Ahmed Saud Abdulhameed ◽

Noor Nazihah Bahrudin ◽

Nurul Nadiah Mohd Firdaus Hum ◽

S. N. Surip ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Methylene Blue ◽

Activated Carbon ◽

Surface Area ◽

Sugarcane Bagasse ◽

High Surface ◽

High Surface Area ◽

Dye Adsorption ◽

Type I ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Bagasse Waste

Abstract In this work, sugarcane bagasse waste (SBW) was used as a lignocellulosic precursor to develop a high surface area activated carbon (AC) by thermal treatment of the SBW impregnated with KOH. This sugarcane bagasse waste activated carbon (SBWAC) was characterized by means of crystallinity, porosity, surface morphology and functional groups availability. The SBWAC exhibited Type I isotherm which corresponds to microporosity with high specific surface area of 709.3 m2/g and 6.6 nm of mean pore diameter. Further application of SBWAC as an adsorbent for methylene blue (MB) dye removal demonstrated that the adsorption process closely followed the pseudo-second order kinetic and Freundlich isotherm models. On the other hand, thermodynamic study revealed the endothermic nature and spontaneity of MB dye adsorption on SBWAC with high acquired adsorption capacity (136.5 mg/g). The MB dye adsorption onto SBWAC possibly involved electrostatic interaction, H-bonding and π-π interaction. This work demonstrates SBW as a potential lignocellulosic precursor to produce high surface area AC that can potentially remove more cationic dyes from the aqueous environment.

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Age-specific fecundity of the Beverly herd of barren-ground caribou

Rangifer ◽

10.7557/2.10.3.867 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 257 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Donald C. Thomas ◽

Samuel J. Barry

Keyword(s):

Rangifer Tarandus ◽

Barren Ground ◽

Rangifer Tarandus Groenlandicus

The age-specific fecundity of the Beverly herd of barren-ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus) was monitored each winter from 1979-80 through 1986-87. Fecundity in 840 females increased with age from 12% in yearlings to 86% at age 5 years and it did not decline in old (> 11 yr) females. Significant variations occurred among winters and even between two subherds in one winter. Reproductive abnormalities were detected in 2 of 840 females and a probable resorption in 1 of 420 females collected in March. Only about 5% of the fetuses were conceived late, possibly by repeat ovulators. Combining survival and fecundity data yielded age-specific calf production, which indicated that, for example, 54% of calves were born to females 3-6 years old.

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