The Novel in the Age of the Comparative World Picture

2021 ◽  
pp. 146-169
Author(s):  
Rebecca C. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
The Novel ◽  
World Picture ◽  
New Information ◽  
The World ◽  
Worldwide Phenomenon ◽  
Government Involvement ◽  
Material Conditions ◽  
Family Autonomy

This chapter discusses Jules Verne's works. The thematization of the world, what literary scholars currently call “worlding,” was precisely the work that Jules Verne's novels performed. As Verne himself described the fifty-four novels that constitute his Voyages Extraordinaires, their very task was “to portray the entire earth, the entire world, under the form of the novel,” using what his publisher, Pierre-Jules Hetzel, described as the “knowledge... amassed by modern science.” Translations of Verne's fiction made the world available to their readers as a single discursive unit, during a decade in which the material conditions of globality were not only economic and physical precarity but increased government involvement in bodily and family autonomy and movement, as well as direct colonial rule. Verne based his narrative on newspaper accounts of transportation innovations, updating each new edition as new information and routes became available. Arabic translations of Verne's novels are not simply a result of the globalization of the novel but are ambivalent participants in that process. These Arabic versions helped establish his fiction as a worldwide phenomenon. By his death in 1905, Verne's novels had been published in at least thirty-six languages, including five Middle Eastern ones.

scholarly journals The Tragedy of Painless Needs

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-232
Author(s):  
John D Loeser
Keyword(s):  
Modern Science ◽  
Intractable Pain ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The World ◽  
Pain And Suffering

Intractable pain demands the attention of both the patient and the physician. However, modern science and medicine cannot and should not promise the abolition of pain and suffering. The novel, Ingenious Pain, by Andrew Miller offers profound insights into the world of pain. Not all painful experiences in life are deleterious, nor should they all be prevented.

scholarly journals The interrelation dynamics of Fundamental Science and Society (on an example of nanotechnology)

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 82-87
Author(s):  
Ye. A. Zhoukova
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Science And Society ◽  
World Picture ◽  
The World ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
To Receive ◽  
High Technologies

This article represents the results of the research granted by RFFS № 04-06-80192. The high technologies foundation is based on fundamental research. Inclusion of bioethical and environmental problems in a context of scientific activity becomes the specifics of a modern science. Nanotechnology fundamental researches lead to a change of the world picture, which bases now on the laws of quantum mechanics. Creating nanotechnology, a person enters competition with the nature as aspires to receive the control over mi- croscopic processes and structures, although himself can become a slave of nanotechnology.

scholarly journals THE WORLDVIEW OF THE CHARACTERS AND UPDATING OF METAPHORS IN THE TEXT

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 5915-5924
Author(s):  
Ulugova Shohida Shokhrukhovna
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Charlotte Bronte ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Jane Eyre ◽  
The Novel ◽  
World Picture ◽  
The World ◽  
Inner World ◽  
Similarities And Differences

This article examines the use of metaphors in the text of works of art. In particular, based on the material of the novel by Charlotte Bronte “Jane Eyre”, using conceptual metaphors that reflect the mental state of a person, the inner world, worldview, and attitude to life of the main characters of the work, such as Jane, Rochester and John, are revealed, and the similarities and differences of their character are shown. In the article, the main position is taken by the question of the degree of representation of persons-conceptualizers who perceive the world picture in metaphors. This makes it possible to study the problem and collect information about the characters in the work, including the cognitive activity of Jane Eyre. Ultimately, the analysis of metaphor, actualized in the speech of the main characters of the novel, it became apparent that these expressions, along with a reflection of the attitude to life characters, give impetus to the formation of metaphors. In particular, the expansion of the semantic scope of metaphorical expressions used by Jane is a product of the development of her cognitive abilities and capabilities based on increasing life experience.

scholarly journals Shifting Approach to Environmentally Mediated Pathways for Mitigating COVID-19: A Review of Literature on Airborne Transmission of SARS-CoV-2

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahad Azimuddin ◽  
Shakeel Thakurdas ◽  
Aamir Hameed ◽  
Garrett Peel ◽  
Faisal Cheema
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Inactivation ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Airborne Transmission ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Health Officials ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has been confirmed in over 10,000,000 individuals worldwide and has resulted in more than 500,000 deaths in a few months since it first surfaced. With such a rapid spread it is no surprise that there has been a massive effort around the world to collectively elucidate the mechanism by which the virus is transmitted. Despite this, there is still no definitive consensus regarding droplet versus airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Public health officials around the world have introduced guidelines within the scope of droplet transmission. However, increasing evidence and comparative analysis with similar coronaviruses, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-1) and middle eastern respiratory syndrome (MERS), suggest that airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 cannot be effectively ruled out. As the data supporting COVID-19 airborne transmission grows, there needs to be an increased effort in terms of technical and policy measures to mitigate the spread of viral aerosols. These measures can be in the form of broader social distancing and facial covering guidelines, exploration of thermal inactivation in clinical settings, low-dose UV-C light implementation, and greater attention to ventilation and airflow control systems. This review summarizes the current evidence available about airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2, available literature about airborne transmission of similar viruses, and finally the methods that are already available or can be easily adapted to deal with a virus capable of airborne transmission.

scholarly journals Transformations of contemporary terrorism in view of legal, economic and sociocultural issues

2021 ◽  
Vol 187 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 36-50
Author(s):  
Olena Marchenko ◽  
◽  
Elvira Sydorova ◽  
Vyktoryia Shuba ◽  
Yuliia Rodina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eastern ◽  
National Level ◽  
United Nations Security Council ◽  
International Terrorism ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Integrated Network ◽  
Terrorist Activity ◽  
The North ◽  
State Terrorism ◽  
The World

The paper presents an analysis of network terrorism in its retrospective and within the practices of contemporary transformations. The risks of expansion of terrorist movements into the territory of particular states with their subsequent legitimization have been identified with regard to social consciousness, law and economy. Within the network structure of the contemporary international terrorism, which formed continuous mutations, the so-called «terrorist clusters» have taken shape, with the Middle Eastern, the North African and others among them. Centrally-managed terrorist organizations of the past were succeeded by transnational structures within the framework of a consolidated ideological, political and religious trend of conducting terrorist attacks in any part of the world. Namely, the segmented, polycentric, ideologically integrated network is currently the most prevalent and dangerous model of international terrorism while the networking principle of organization of terrorist activity remains the most effective in asymmetric confrontation with the adversaries. The transformation of terrorism in the 21st century is presented within 3 perspectives of the social being - law, economy and morals. For instance, an approach to legal treatment of manifestations of terrorism has changed dramatically. In the international law there has occurred a definitive extrapolation of the notion of crime against humanity, mainstreamed by the Nuremberg trials, to terrorist activities. Regardless of under which guise and for which purposes these crimes are being committed, they have acquired an explicit denomination as an absolute evil that implies no justification or extenuating circumstances. This standpoint is expressed in numerous international documents including the United Nations Security Council resolutions and international conventions, not to mention various national-level documents. At the same time, the severity of counterterrorism laws and international legal norms adopted by different states is often disrupted due to their inconsistency that complicates considerably the counter-terrorist activity at all levels. The sociocultural aspect of the transformation of terrorism is being investigated in the context of the confrontation between two world views - the western and the eastern (Islamic). For radical adherents of the Radicalization is occurring in hybrid living environments that include the elements of both online and offline human experience. This antagonism is currently transforming from its mentality from into the instrumental form increasingly acquiring an artificial, hybrid nature. Studies of «mutations» of terrorism with regard to economic issues have focused upon such factors of the neoliberal globalization as social injustice, urbanization and revival of colonial traditions. In recent decades the world has faced a new threat: use of counter-terrorism to justify transnational interventions into underdeveloped and unstable countries. In this way, there occurs a process of disguising the novel practices of colonization which in fact constitute the state terrorism. The scope and the forms of state terrorism vary from political and economic pressure upon the weakest of state entities to explicit use of armed violence. Within the legal environment it has become common to employ the practices of countries charging members its own population with terrorism as a tool for destabilizing the undesirable political movements as well as escalating sectarian and ethnic confrontations for the purpose of economic gains. The authors have investigated the novel trends in the financing of terrorism, particularly within the context of challenges of the post-pandemic world and have substantiated a complex approach to combating this evil suggesting its foundation to consist not in the force counteraction as is presently common, but in solving moral, socio-economic and legal contradictions within societies which may potentially become hotbeds of the terrorist threat.

scholarly journals PARALLEL CHRONOTOPE POETICS IN THE NOVEL «THE DAY LASTS MORE THAN A HUNDRED YEARS»

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-33
Keyword(s):  
World Literature ◽  
Contemporary Literature ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Critical Studies ◽  
World Picture ◽  
The World ◽  
Literary Process ◽  
The Universe

Chronotope is being concerned as the literary-aesthetic category in the world literature critical studies, expressing the scope of the universe interpretation, the author’s outlook and imagination regarding the world foundation, defining personages, the composition means of expressing the sequence and duration of the events. In the following development of the scientific-theoretical thought in the world, a chronotope is accepted to be one of the poetic means to demonstrate the reality as well as to be a literary process that is basic for the expression of the reality in the compositional construction and illustration of the plot relying on the writer’s intention and the ideological conception of the literary work. The chronotope enables to cognate the literary world picture created by the author in terms of the descriptive subject and object of the work. Some of the topical tasks of contemporary literature are to analyse the fictional epic real evidences comparatively, typologically and individually in the writers' works exist in the same time and space, in the same space and different time, in the same time and different spaces. The aim of the research is to generalize the chronotope forms scientific-analytically, comparative-typologically and theoretical on the examples of Chingiz Aitmatov's "The Day Lasts More than a Hundred Years".

Book Reviews

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-106
Author(s):  
Janet Klein ◽  
David Romano ◽  
Michael M. Gunter ◽  
Joost Jongerden ◽  
Atakan İnce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Eastern Anatolia ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
National Movement ◽  
The World ◽  
Modern Turkey ◽  
Oxford University Press

Uğur Ümit Üngör, The Making of Modern Turkey: Nation and State in Eastern Anatolia, 1913-1950, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011, 352 pp. (ISBN: 9780199603602).Mohammed M. A. Ahmed, Iraqi Kurds and Nation-Building. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012, 294 pp., (ISBN: 978-1-137-03407-6), (paper). Ofra Bengio, The Kurds of Iraq: Building a State within a State. Boulder, CO and London, UK: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2012, xiv + 346 pp., (ISBN 978-1-58826-836-5), (hardcover). Cengiz Gunes, The Kurdish National Movement in Turkey, from Protest to Resistance, London: Routledge, 2012, 256 pp., (ISBN: 978-0-415—68047-9). Aygen, Gülşat, Kurmanjî Kurdish. Languages of the World/Materials 468, München: Lincom Europa, 2007, 92 pp., (ISBN: 9783895860706), (paper).Barzoo Eliassi, Contesting Kurdish Identities in Sweden: Quest for Belonging among Middle Eastern Youth, Oxford: New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013, 234 pp. (ISBN: 9781137282071).

Coda: The Rosetta Stone

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse Schotter
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New Media ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Digital Code ◽  
Media Technologies ◽  
Rosetta Stone ◽  
The World ◽  
Western Imagination ◽  
Origin Point

Hieroglyphs have persisted for so long in the Western imagination because of the malleability of their metaphorical meanings. Emblems of readability and unreadability, universality and difference, writing and film, writing and digital media, hieroglyphs serve to encompass many of the central tensions in understandings of race, nation, language and media in the twentieth century. For Pound and Lindsay, they served as inspirations for a more direct and universal form of writing; for Woolf, as a way of treating the new medium of film and our perceptions of the world as a kind of language. For Conrad and Welles, they embodied the hybridity of writing or the images of film; for al-Hakim and Mahfouz, the persistence of links between ancient Pharaonic civilisation and a newly independent Egypt. For Joyce, hieroglyphs symbolised the origin point for the world’s cultures and nations; for Pynchon, the connection between digital code and the novel. In their modernist interpretations and applications, hieroglyphs bring together writing and new media technologies, language and the material world, and all the nations and languages of the globe....

Basic Andragogy-Oriented Strategies and Communication in Online Education

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 350-356
Author(s):  
Anca Sîrbu
Keyword(s):  
Adult Learners ◽  
Online Education ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Learning Goals ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Academic Education ◽  
Online Instructors ◽  
New Methods ◽  
The World

AbstractWith the rapid onset of an unprecedented lifestyle due to the new coronavirus COVID-19 the world academic scene was forced to reform and adapt to the novel circumstances. Although online education cannot be regarded as a groundbreaking endeavour anymore in the21st century, its current character of exclusivity calls for deeper understanding of, and a sharper focus on the “end-consumer” thereof as well as more cautious procedures to be exercised while teaching. While millennials are no longer thought of as being born with a silver spoon in their mouth but with an iPad or any sort of device in their hand (irrespective of their social status), adults are more hesitant when coerced to alter course unexpectedly and turn to new methods of attaining their learning goals. This is why proper communicative approaches need to be thoroughly considered by online instructors. This article aims at presenting teachers with a set of strategies to employ when the beneficiaries of online academic education are adult learners.

A Compact Embodiment of Pluralities and Denial of Origins: Atwood’s The Year of The Flood

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Rana Sağıroğlu
Keyword(s):  
Science Fiction ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Margaret Atwood ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The World ◽  
Narrative Techniques ◽  
Why Questions ◽  
Near Future

Margaret Atwood, one of the most spectacular authors of postmodern movement, achieved to unite debatable and in demand critical points of 21st century such as science fiction, postmodernism and ecocriticism in the novel The Year of The Flood written in 2009. The novel could be regarded as an ecocritical manifesto and a dystopic mirror against today’s degenerated world, tending to a superficial base to keep the already order in use, by moving away from the fundamental solution of all humanity: nature. Although Atwood does not want her works to be called science fiction, it is obvious that science fiction plays an introductory role and gives the novel a ground explaining all ‘why’ questions of the novel. However, Atwood is not unjust while claiming that her works are not science fiction because of the inevitable rapid change of 21st century world becoming addicted to technology, especially Internet. It is easily observed by the reader that what she fictionalises throughout the novel is quite close to possibility, and the world may witness in the near future what she creates in the novel as science fiction. Additionally, postmodernism serves to the novel as the answerer of ‘how’ questions: How the world embraces pluralities, how heterogeneous social order is needed, and how impossible to run the world by dichotomies of patriarchal social order anymore. And lastly, ecocriticism gives the answers of ‘why’ questions of the novel: Why humanity is in chaos, why humanity has organized the world according to its own needs as if there were no living creatures apart from humanity. Therefore, The Year of The Flood meets the reader as a compact embodiment of science fiction, postmodernism and ecocriticism not only with its theme, but also with its narrative techniques.

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