scholarly journals The First Military and Non-Official Pharmacopoeias of the Ottoman Empire

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Miray Arslan ◽  
Sevgi Şar ◽  
Bilge Sözen Şahne
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Alphabetical Order ◽  
Military Hospitals ◽  
Drug Names ◽  
Long Time ◽  
And Control

<p>The first official pharmacopoeia of the Ottoman period was written in 1844 under the title of Pharmacopee Militaire Ottomanee (Pharmacopea Castrensis Otomana) by Austrian Dr. Charles Ambrosie Bernard who was the founder of the first school of pharmacy at that time. This pharmacopoeia was written in French based on 1841 Pharmacopoea Castrensis Austriaca and consists of 161 pages. In this pharmacopoeia, drug names were given in Turkish, Italian and Latin as well as French. Also, in this pharmacopoeia medicinal plants were given in alphabetical order, simple and mixed drugs preparing methods were mentioned and especially focused on pastes but reagents and control methods weren’t mentioned. This book was specifically designed for military hospitals and pharmacies, so, it was not given much of an interest by Istanbul pharmacists.</p><p>The other codex Düstur-ül Edviye (Drugs Law) which was the translation of 1866 French Codex in Turkish by Major Mr Huseyin Sabri was published in 1874. This codex was printed in Tıbbiye-i Şahane printing house and consisted of 73 chapters and 508 pages. This book replaced the codex which was written by Dr Bernard and has become a guide for Istanbul pharmacists for a long time.</p><p>In this study, both pharmacopoeias are examined and various aspects of them are discussed.</p>

scholarly journals PENGARUH LATIHAN BANDUL STROKE WITH FEEDING TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN GROUNDSTROKE TENNIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-118
Author(s):  
David Siahaan
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Research ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Technical Ability ◽  
Test Requirements ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Paired T Test

ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian  ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan bandul stroke with feeding untuk meningkatkan kemampuan groundstroke dalam permainan tennis. Metode penelitian ini adalah eksperimen dengan uji t-berpasangan. Populasi adalah mahasiswa prodi PKO Unimed, dengan jumlah 81 orang. Kelompok pertama adalah kelompok eksperimen dengan jumlah 40 orang dan kelompok kedua adalah kelas kontrol dengan jumlah 41 orang. Setiap kelompok dirandom untuk memperoleh sample dengan teknik Slovin. Pada kelas eksperimen jumlah sampel adalah 36 orang dan pada kelompok kontrol jumlah sampel adalah 37 orang. Pada kelas ekperimen diberikan perlakuan yaitu latihan bandul stroke with feeding sebanyak 16 kali pertemuan dengan frekuensi latihan tiga kali dalam satu minggu. Sedangkan pada kelas kontrol tetap melakukan latihan seperti apa adanya. Pengukuran kemampuan groundstroke dengan groundstroke tennis tes yang dilakukan dua kali yaitu sebelum diberikan perlakukan dan sesudah diberikan perlakuan. Uji persyaratan analsis yaitu data harus berdistribusi normal dan juga homogen serta pengambilan sampel dari populasi adalah random. Hasil penelitian adalah terdapat pengaruh yang singnifikan dari latihan bandul stroke with feeding terhadap kemampuan groundstroke dalam bermain tennis lapangan. Sedangkan pada kelas kontrol yang tidak diberikan latihan bandul stroke with feeding tidak menujukkan pengaruh yang singnifikan. Sangat disarankan kepada pelatih dan juga instruktur agar memberikan bentuk latihan ini kepada atletnya untuk meningkatkan kemampuan teknik dalam bermain tennis yaitu groundstroke. Kata Kunci:  Latihan Bandul Stroke with Feeding, Groundstroke Tennis ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of bandul stroke with feeding to improve the groundstroke abilities in tennis. The method is experimental research using paired t-test. The population is PKO – FIK Unimed students, with 81 people for two groups, experiment and control. The first is experimental group with 40 people and the other is control group with 41 people. Each group was randomized with Slovin techniques. 36 students for experimental group and 37 students for control group. The treatment was given for experimental group, namely bandul stroke with feeding. 16 times exercises with the frequency is three times a week. While in the control class, they still do the exercises as they are. Measuring the ability of a groundstroke with a groundstroke tennis test is done twice, before being given treatment and after being given treatment. Test requirements analysis are normally distributed and also homogeneous and sampling from the population is random. The results of this study is there are significant effects of bandul stroke with feeding on groundstroke abilities in playing tennis. Where as in the control group that was not given bandul stroke with feeding with conventional feeding or exercise did not show significant effect. It is strongly recommended for the tennis coach or tennis instructor to give this exercise to tennis athlete for improve their technical ability to play tennis, especially groundstroke. Keywords:  Bandul Stroke with Feeding, Tennis Groundstroke

scholarly journals A few observations on the adornments and dress accessories found in the hoard from Țifești (Vrancea County)

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 497-508
Author(s):  
Silviu Oța
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
First World War ◽  
Silver Wire ◽  
The Other ◽  
World War ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Long Time ◽  
First World

Found by chance in 1912, the hoard from Țifești (in the former Putna County) immediately came to the attention of numismatists. First published in 1915 by Constantin Moisil, it remained in oblivion for a long time, at most barely mentioned in various articles. The beginning of the First World War and the entry of Romania in the middle of these events had, as a consequence, the evacuation of the country’s treasure to Russia. After arriving in Moscow, it was returned to the Romanian state in 1956. The coins of the treasure came from both the Ottoman Empire and Hungary. The Turkish coins (the akçe) were issued during the reigns of Sultans Mehmed the Conqueror (1451 – 1481) and Bayezid II (1481 – 1512). The coins issued in Hungary are from the time of kings Matthias Corvinus (1459 – 1490) and Vladislaus II (1490 – 1516). So far, they have not yet been published in full. The buttons (seven) are manufactured of filigree silver wire wrapped in the shape of a ball. The other two items, manufactured of foil, are dress accessories rather common in the Middle Ages, widely circulated both chronologically and territorially. There are also parts of buttons which are not mentioned in the article published in 1916. The adornments consist of two pairs of silver earrings manufactured in the filigree and granulation techniques. In the case of the items from Țifești, they are dated to the second half of the 15th century.

General discussion

1988 ◽  
Vol 318 (1189) ◽  
pp. 375-376
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Plant Virology ◽  
And Control ◽  
Research Institute

A. K. Minks ( Research Institute for Plant Protection, Wageningen, The Netherlands ). The organizers should be given much credit for arranging this meeting on biological control where attention has been given not only to entomological but also to the other disciplines of plant protection. It is my belief that a multidisciplinary approach is the only way to develop biological control methods and to implement them successfully. In our Institute we became aware of this and recently we decided to leave the classical organizational division in entomology, mycology, plant virology, etc. sections and to change to sections named: detection, ecology, genetics and resistance breeding, and control, in which entomologists, mycologists, etc. have a much better possibility to work together.

scholarly journals Probiotics and medicinal plants in poultry nutrition: a review

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 214-221
Author(s):  
Akintayo - Balogun Omolere. M ◽  
Alagbe, J.O
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
The Other ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Beneficial Bacteria ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
General Performance ◽  
And Control

The use of medicinal plants and probiotics has recently gained interest since the ban on the use of antibiotics as growth promoters by the European Union in 2006. They are new alternatives to bridge the gap between food safety and production. Medicinal plants are cheaper and loaded with several minerals, vitamins and phytochemicals such as: alkaloids, saponin, flavonoids, phenols, tannins etc. which allows them to perform multiple biological activities. Probiotics on the other hand, repopulates the gastro intestinal tracts (GIT) with beneficial bacteria which controls the action of pathogens and control their population, thereby reducing mortality and improving general performance of an animal.

Mobilized and Proletarian Diasporas

1976 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
The Other ◽  
Great Society ◽  
Communications Networks ◽  
Role Differentiation ◽  
Time Period ◽  
International Environment ◽  
Long Time

Using an exchange model, this article examines two ethnic groups, mobilized and proletarian diasporas, in a broad range of modernizing polities. The salient dimensions of myth, communications networks, and role differentiation permit one to distinguish these groups analytically over a long time period, and to subdivide the mobilized diasporas into archetypal diasporas and situational diasporas. The latter are politically detached elements of a great society, whereas the “homeland” of the archetypal diaspora is symbolically significant as a major component of the diaspora's sacral myth. Because internal resentments and the pressures of the international environment tend to undermine the value of a diaspora to the dominant elite of a slowly and unevenly modernizing multiethnic polity, these polities (Russia and the Ottoman Empire are examined closely) exhibit a succession of mobilized diasporas. Rapidly modernizing polities, on the other hand, tolerate mobilized diasporas, but turn increasingly for their unskilled, transient labor to groups which are more distant culturally and in physical appearance from the dominant ethnic group, and which, therefore, are increasingly disadvantaged and restive.

Circulating Anticoagulant (Antifactor VIII) Treated with Immunosuppressive Drugs

1969 ◽  
Vol 21 (02) ◽  
pp. 249-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A Sherman ◽  
M. A Goldstein ◽  
H. S Sise
Keyword(s):  
Factor Viii ◽  
Conventional Therapy ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Factor Viii Concentrates ◽  
Short Courses

SummaryThree cases have been presented who had a circulating antifactor VIII anticoagulant developing spontaneously in non-hemophilic subjects. Following two short courses of azathioprine in one case there were transient incomplete remissions of a degree not seen in the previous 4 months of observation. In the other two cases complete remissions were observed within three weeks of beginning administration of 6-mercaptopurine. In one of these, a brief relapse was retreated successfully. In 4 other cases not given these drugs and in cases reported in the literature, such a rapid remission was not seen to occur spontaneously and happened only infrequently in cases given corticosteroids. On the basis of this experience, we suggest that in the treatment of antifactor VIII, if the disorder shows no improvement with conventional therapy (blood, factor VIII concentrates, and corticosteroids), a trial with immunosuppressive drugs is warranted.

Prothrombin Time Standardization: Report of the Expert Panel on Oral Anticoagulant Control

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (04) ◽  
pp. 1073-1114 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Prothrombin Time ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rabbit Brain ◽  
Calibration Constant ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Point Of Intersection ◽  
And Control ◽  
Standardization Report

SummaryIn collaborative experiments in 199 laboratories, nine commercial thromboplastins, four thromboplastins held by the National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBS & C), London and the British Comparative Thromboplastin were tested on fresh normal and coumarin plasmas, and on three series of freeze-dried plasmas. One of these was made from coumarin plasmas and the other two were prepared from normal plasmas; in each series, one plasma was normal and the other two represented different degrees of coumarin defect.Each thromboplastin was calibrated against NIBS&C rabbit brain 70/178, from the slope of the line joining the origin to the point of intersection of the mean ratios of coumarin/normal prothrombin times when the ratios obtained with the two thromboplastins on the same fresh plasmas were plotted against each other. From previous evidence, the slopes were calculated which would have been obtained against the NIBS&C “research standard” thromboplastin 67/40, and termed the “calibration constant” of each thromboplastin. Values obtained from the freeze-dried coumarin plasmas gave generally similar results to those from fresh plasmas for all thromboplastins, whereas values from the artificial plasmas agreed with those from fresh plasmas only when similar thromboplastins were being compared.Taking into account the slopes of the calibration lines and the variation between laboratories, precision in obtaining a patient’s prothrombin time was similar for all thromboplastins.

Dry chip feedrate control using online chip moisture

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (05) ◽  
pp. 295-305
Author(s):  
Wesley Gilbert ◽  
Ivan Trush ◽  
Bruce Allison ◽  
Randy Reimer ◽  
Howard Mason
Keyword(s):  
Production Rate ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Rate Control ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
The Other ◽  
Process Variability ◽  
Moisture Sensor ◽  
Feedback Control Strategy ◽  
And Control

Normal practice in continuous digester operation is to set the production rate through the chip meter speed. This speed is seldom, if ever, adjusted except to change production, and most of the other digester inputs are ratioed to it. The inherent assumption is that constant chip meter speed equates to constant dry mass flow of chips. This is seldom, if ever, true. As a result, the actual production rate, effective alkali (EA)-to-wood and liquor-to-wood ratios may vary substantially from assumed values. This increases process variability and decreases profits. In this report, a new continuous digester production rate control strategy is developed that addresses this shortcoming. A new noncontacting near infrared–based chip moisture sensor is combined with the existing weightometer signal to estimate the actual dry chip mass feedrate entering the digester. The estimated feedrate is then used to implement a novel feedback control strategy that adjusts the chip meter speed to maintain the dry chip feedrate at the target value. The report details the results of applying the new measurements and control strategy to a dual vessel continuous digester.

Rancang Bangun Sistem Penerimaan Dan Mutasi Barang Pada PDAM Tirta Kerta Raharja

Sensi Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-246
Author(s):  
Ilamsyah Ilamsyah ◽  
Yulianto Yulianto ◽  
Tri Vita Febriani
Keyword(s):  
System Analysis ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Visual Modeling ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Control ◽  
Web Based System ◽  
The Web

The right and appropriate system of receiving and transferring goods is needed by the company. In the process of receiving and transferring goods from the central warehouse to the branch warehouse at PDAM Tirta Kerta Raharja, Tangerang Regency, which is currently done manually is still ineffective and inaccurate because the Head of Subdivision uses receipt documents, namely PPBP and mutation of goods, namely MPPW in the form of paper as a submission media. The Head of Subdivision enters the data of receipt and mutation of goods manually and requires a relatively long time because at the time of demand for the transfer of goods the Head of Subdivision must check the inventory of goods in the central warehouse first. Therefore, it is necessary to hold a design of information systems for the receipt and transfer of goods from the central warehouse to a web-based branch warehouse that is already database so that it is more effective, efficient and accurate. With the web-based system of receiving and transferring goods that are already datatabed, it can facilitate the Head of Subdivision in inputing data on the receipt and transfer of goods and control of stock inventory so that the Sub Head of Subdivision can do it periodically to make it more effective, efficient and accurate. The method of data collection is done by observing, interviewing and studying literature from various previous studies, while the system analysis method uses the Waterfall method which aims to solve a problem and uses design methods with visual modeling that is object oriented with UML while programming using PHP and MySQL as a database.

From Container to Claustrum: Projective Identification in Couples

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Projective Identification ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intimate Partners ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
As If

This paper is a contribution to the growing literature on the role of projective identification in understanding couples' dynamics. Projective identification as a defence is well suited to couples, as intimate partners provide an ideal location to deposit unwanted parts of the self. This paper illustrates how projective identification functions differently depending on the psychological health of the couple. It elucidates how healthier couples use projective identification more as a form of communication, whereas disturbed couples are inclined to employ it to invade and control the other, as captured by Meltzer's concept of "intrusive identification". These different uses of projective identification affect couples' capacities to provide what Bion called "containment". In disturbed couples, partners serve as what Meltzer termed "claustrums" whereby projections are not contained, but imprisoned or entombed in the other. Applying the concept of claustrum helps illuminate common feelings these couples express, such as feeling suffocated, stifled, trapped, held hostage, or feeling as if the relationship is killing them. Finally, this paper presents treatment challenges in working with more disturbed couples.

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