Effects of the cranial parasite Tylodelphys sp. on the behavior and physiology of puye Galaxias maculatus (Jenyns, 1842)

Diplostomatid digeneans are well-known manipulators of the behavior of their intermediate hosts. Unencysted metacercariae of Tylodelphys sp. inhabit the cranial cavity of the fish Galaxias maculatus; however, to date they have not been documented to alter their host behavior. The goal of this study was to evaluate the potential effects of Tylodelphys sp. inhabiting the cranial cavity of Galaxias maculatus on host physiology and swimming behavior as well as its reaction to a simulated predation attempt. Blind experiments in the lab were carried out on 56 fish that were filmed individually. The Fulton condition factor (K) was used as an approximation of nutritional status and a respirometry chamber was used to evaluate oxygen consumption rates of fish. Of the 56 fish, 21 were parasitized by Tylodelphys sp. (mean intensity = 30, range from 1 to 101). Parasitized and non-parasitized fish were similar in condition factor and oxygen consumption rates. Furthermore, the oxygen consumption rate of G. maculatus was not correlated with the abundance of Tylodelphys sp. However, parasitized fish more frequently swam close to the water surface, whereas non-parasitized fish more frequently swam at intermediate depths. When faced with a simulated predator attack, unparasitized fish showed more frequent fleeing behavior as well as a more intense post-fleeing activity. Collectively, these results suggest that Tylodelphys sp. inhabiting the cranial cavity of fish may alter their behavior predisposing them to predation by birds.

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A comparison of the gill physiology of two euryhaline crab species, Callinectes sapidus and Callinectes similis: energy production, transport-related enzymes and osmoregulation as a function of acclimation salinity

Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.1242/jeb.198.2.349 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 198 (2) ◽

pp. 349-358 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

S Piller ◽

R Henry ◽

J Doeller ◽

D Kraus

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Energy Production ◽

Consumption Rate ◽

Callinectes Sapidus ◽

Crab Species ◽

Ion Concentrations ◽

Low Salinity ◽

Consumption Rates ◽

Cytochrome Content ◽

Mitochondrial Cytochromes

Callinectes sapidus and C. similis co-occur in estuarine waters above 15 salinity. Callinectes sapidus also inhabits more dilute waters, but C. similis is rarely found below 15 . Previous work suggests that C. sapidus may be a better hyperosmoregulator than C. similis. In this study, energy metabolism and the levels of transport-related enzymes in excised gills were used as indicators of adaptation to low salinity. Oxygen consumption rates and mitochondrial cytochrome content of excised gills increased in both species as acclimation salinity decreased, but to a significantly greater extent in C. similis gills. In addition, C. similis gills showed the same levels of carbonic anhydrase and Na+/K+-ATPase activities and the same degree of enzyme induction during low-salinity adaptation as has been reported for C. sapidus gills. However, hemolymph osmolality and ion concentrations were consistently lower in C. similis at low salinity than in C. sapidus. Therefore, although gills from low-salinity-acclimated C. similis have a higher oxygen consumption rate and more mitochondrial cytochromes than C. sapidus gills and the same level of transport-related enzymes, C. similis cannot homeostatically regulate their hemolymph to the same extent as C. sapidus.

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129 RESPIRATION ACTIVITY OF BOVINE EMBRYOS CULTURED IN SERUM-FREE AND SERUM-CONTAINING MEDIA

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/rdv17n2ab129 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 215 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

H. Abe ◽

H. Shiku ◽

S. Aoyagi ◽

T. Matsue ◽

H. Hoshi

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Oxygen Consumption Rate ◽

Embryo Quality ◽

Consumption Rate ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Culture Conditions ◽

Bovine Embryos ◽

Respiration Activity ◽

Serum Free ◽

Consumption Rates

Oxygen consumption is a ubiquitous parameter which can provide valuable information about metabolic mechanisms and embryo quality. Recently, we succeeded in non-invasively and quantitatively determining oxygen consumption of individual bovine embryos by the scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). The aim of this study was to assess by SECM the oxygen consumption of individual bovine embryos at different developmental stages cultured in serum-free and serum-supplemented media. Bovine oocytes were matured in IVMD101 medium [Research Institute for the Functional Peptides (IFP), Shimojo, Yamagata, Japan] and inseminated in BO-based medium. For serum-free culture, inseminated ooocytes were cultured to the blastocyst stage in IVD101 medium in an atmosphere of a low oxygen condition (5% CO2/5% O2/90% N2) at 38.5°C. For serum-supplemented culture, inseminated oocytes were cultured in HPM199 medium (IFP) supplemented with 5% calf serum (HPM199 + CS) in the presence of bovine cumulus/granulosa cells in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 in air. Oxygen consumption by individual bovine embryos was non-invasively quantified by the SECM measuring system. Some embryos were prepared for transmission electron microscopy. The oxygen consumption rates are presented in the table. Oxygen consumption rates (F) of the single embryos were low from 2-cell to 8-cell stages (0.45–0.52 × 10−14 mol s−1). In serum-free culture, an increase in oxygen consumption rate was found at the morula (1.03 × 10−14 mol s−1) stage, and blastocysts showed an even higher oxygen consumption rate (1.86 × 10−14 mol s−1). On the other hand, the oxygen consumption of morulae and blastocysts produced in serum-supplemented medium was lower than that of embryos cultured in serum-free medium. Electron microscopic study demonstrated that many of the mitochondria of morulae and blastocycts cultured in HPM199 + CS medium were an immature form, indicating a correlation between respiration activity and development of mitochondria. These results suggest that the culture conditions affect the respiration activity of bovine embryos. The SECM procedures may have a wide application for judging embryo quality and culture conditions for embryos. Table 1. Oxygen consumption rates (F × 10−14 mol s−1) of the bovine embryos at various developmental stages

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A Multivariate Metabolomics Method for Estimating Platelet Mitochondrial Oxygen Consumption Rates in Patients with Sepsis

Metabolites ◽

10.3390/metabo10040139 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 139

Author(s):

Marc R. McCann ◽

Cora E. McHugh ◽

Maggie Kirby ◽

Theodore S. Jennaro ◽

Alan E. Jones ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Mitochondrial Function ◽

Regression Models ◽

Consumption Rate ◽

P Value ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Mitochondrial Oxygen Consumption ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Consumption Rates ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Models

Background: Sepsis-induced alterations in mitochondrial function contribute to organ dysfunction and mortality. Measuring mitochondrial function in vital organs is neither feasible nor practical, highlighting the need for non-invasive approaches. Mitochondrial function may be reflected in the concentrations of metabolites found in platelets and whole blood (WB) samples. We proposed to use these as alternates to indirectly estimate platelet mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (mOCR) in sepsis patients. Methods: We determined the relationships between platelet mOCR and metabolites in both platelets and WB, as measured by quantitative 1H-NMR metabolomics. The associations were identified by building multiple linear regression models with stepwise forward-backward variable selection. We considered the models to be significant with an ANOVA test (p-value ≤ 0.05) and a positive predicted-R2. Results: The differences in adjusted-R2 and ANOVA p-values (platelet adj-R2: 0.836 (0.0003), 0.711 (0.0004) vs. WB adj-R2: 0.428 (0.0079)) from the significant models indicate the platelet models were more associated with platelet mOCR. Conclusions: Our data suggest there are groups of metabolites in WB (leucine, acetylcarnitine) and platelets (creatine, ADP, glucose, taurine) that are associated with platelet mOCR. Thus, WB and platelet metabolites could be used to estimate platelet mOCR.

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Sediment Microbial Activity in Acidic and Non-Acidic Lakes

Water Quality Research Journal ◽

10.2166/wqrj.1986.048 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 560-571 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

B. K. Burnison ◽

S. S. Rao ◽

A. A. Jurkovic ◽

D. J. Nuttley

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Glutamic Acid ◽

Oxygen Consumption Rate ◽

Consumption Rate ◽

The Other ◽

Labeled Compounds ◽

Acidic Lake ◽

Consumption Rates ◽

Plate Counts

Abstract The sediments from an acidic lake, a slightly acidic lake and a non-acidic lake were studied to determine the effect of lake acidification on organic biodegradation rates and bacterial numbers. Organic biodegradation was determined by mano-metric respirometry and mineralization of 14C-labeled compounds. All measurements were normalized to the same temperature (20°C). The oxygen consumption rate and bacterial numbers (based on spread plate counts) were greater in the non-acidic lake sediment throughout the study period. The oxygen consumption rates in the other lake sediments were 18-20 times lower and the bacterial numbers were 15 times lower than the non-acidic lake. In contrast, the results from experiment s using 14C-labeled glucose and glutamic acid often showed that the acidic sediments had twice the heterotrophic potential of the non-acidic sediments. 14C-labeled compounds should be used cautiously when measuring the acidification effects on organic matter decomposition.

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Quantifying Compound Aging Resistance at Service (Ambient) Temperatures

Rubber Chemistry and Technology ◽

10.5254/1.3557003 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 82 (1) ◽

pp. 121-130

Author(s):

Edward R. Terrill ◽

James T. Lewis

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Service Life ◽

Oxygen Uptake ◽

Oxygen Consumption Rate ◽

Consumption Rate ◽

Tensile Elongation ◽

Ambient Temperatures ◽

Rubber Compounds ◽

Consumption Rates ◽

The Stability

Abstract Oxygen consumption rates were measured on natural rubber compounds with varying levels of a standard antioxidant package. The oxygen consumption rate measurements were performed at temperatures between 20 °C and 80 °C. The results elucidated the mechanism of antioxidants, including their pro-oxidant effects. The pro-oxidant effect dwindled with time. Integrated oxygen uptake results were calculated from repetitive oxygen consumption rate measurements. Integrated oxygen uptake time temperature master curves with empirical shift factors were combined with elongation-tobreak data to monitor the extent of aging. The stability of the compounds at service life temperatures could be quantified by combining the integrated oxygen uptake shift factors with the tensile elongation-to-break data; thereby to produce an elongation-to-break master curve at service life temperatures.

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Techniques for Measurement of Oxygen Consumption Rates of Hepatocytes during Attachment and Post-Attachment

The International Journal of Artificial Organs ◽

10.1177/039139889601900106 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 36-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

M. D. Smith ◽

A. D. Smirthwaite ◽

D. E. Cairns ◽

R. B. Cousins ◽

J. D. Gaylor

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Oxygen Consumption Rate ◽

Metabolic Pathways ◽

Consumption Rate ◽

Cultured Cells ◽

Rat Hepatocytes ◽

Flow Cell ◽

Bioartificial Liver ◽

Consumption Rates ◽

Cytodex 3

Three techniques for measuring oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of cultured cells relevant to the development of bioartificial liver devices are reported. In an oxystat apparatus, HepG2 cells immobilised on Cytodex 3 microcarriers at a concentration of 106 cells ml-1 had a mean OCR of 0.7 nmol s-1/106 cells. The OCR decreased with increasing cell density, a characteristic previously reported for other cell lines. Rat hepatocytes immobilised on single collagen layers in a flow cell and challenged with ammonia had a mean OCR of 0.59 nmol s-1/106 cells. A novel two-compartment oxystat system was used to determine the OCR of rat hepatocytes during the attachment phase. OCR declined from 1.0 nmol s-1/106 immediately after seeding to 0.7 nmol s-1/106 cells at nine hours. The low OCR for HepG2 reflects loss of certain oxygen dependent metabolic pathways. The OCR measured for rat hepatocytes during and post-attachment are significantly higher than those reported elsewhere and have major implications for the development of bioartificial liver devices.

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The oxygen consumption rates of different life stages of the endoparasitic nematode

Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie ◽

10.4102/satnt.v29i1.4 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 20-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Willie Van Aardt ◽

Don Loots ◽

Sonia Steenkamp

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Relative Humidity ◽

Oxygen Consumption Rate ◽

Consumption Rate ◽

Secondary Infection ◽

Life Stage ◽

Life Stages ◽

Adult Nematode ◽

Respiration Physiology ◽

Consumption Rates

The oxygen consumption rates of different life stages of the endoparasitic nematode, Pratylenchus zeae (Nematoda: Tylenchida) during non- and post-anhydrobiosisPratylenchus zeae, widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, is an endoparasite in roots of maize and other crop plants. The nematode is attracted to plant roots by CO2 and root exudates and feeds primarily on cells of the root cortex, making channels and openings where the eggs are deposited, with the result that secondary infection occurs due to bacteria and fungi. Nothing is known about the respiration physiology of this nematode and how it manages to survive during dry seasons. To measure the oxygen consumption rate (VO2 ) of individual P. zeae (less than half a millimeter long), a special measuring technique namely Cartesian diver micro-respirometry was applied. The Cartesian divers were machined from Perspex, and proved to be more accurate to measure VO2 compared with heavier glass divers used in similar experiments on free living nematodes. An accuracy of better than one nanoliter of oxygen consumed per hour was achieved with a single P. zeae inside the diver. Cartesian diver micro-respirometry measurements are based in principle on the manometric changes that occur in a ﬂ otation tube in a manometer set-up when oxygen is consumed by P. zeae and CO2 from the animal is chemically absorbed. VO2 was measured for eggs (length: < 0.05 mm), larvae (length: 0.36 mm) and adults (length: 0.47 mm) before induction to anhydrobiosis. P. zeae from infected maize roots were extracted and exposed aseptically to in vitro maize root cultures in a grow cabinet at 50 % to 60% relative humidity at 28 ºC using eggs, larvae and adults. VO2 was also measured for post-anhydrobiotic eggs, larvae and adults by taking 50 individuals, eggs and larvae from the culture and placing them in Petri-dishes with 1% agar/water to dry out for 11 days at 28 ºC and 50% relative humidity. The VO2 was measured after the anhydrobiotic eggs, larvae and adults were re-hydrated for 12 hours in a high humidity atmosphere. The average VO2 value found for ten consecutive measurements during a 50 minute period of one adult using the diver technique was 32.8 nanoliter per hour. The differences between the ten VO2 values were less than 3.5 %, an indication of the accuracy of the diver measurements. The average VO2 values from ten measurements per life stage, expressed in nanolitres per hour per life stage of the pre-anhydro-biotes (eggs: 7.96; larva: 6.13; adult: 26.04) were compared with those of post-anhydrobiotes 12 hours after anhydrobiosis. The average VO2 values of the post-anhydrobiotes for the three life stages (egg: 19.34; larva: 14.17; adult: 32.86) were statistically signiﬁ cantly higher in comparison with the pre-anhydrobiotes. The reasons for the difference are that high concentrations of metabolites, probably in the form of trehalose, accumulate during the anhydrobiosis stage to be utilized during the post-anhydrobiotic revival period. The oxygen consumption rate was also expressed in nanolitres per hour per microgram adult nematode after applying the following equation taken from the literature: M = a2 x b/16 x 1000 where M = mass (µg) of adult nematode; a = largest body width (µm); b = body length (µm). Using this equation it was found that one gram P. zeae uses 503 times more oxygen compared with one gram mammal the size of a cow. This high speciﬁ c oxygen consumption rate (MO2 ) is a direct indication of the large metabolic damage this endoparasitic nematode can have on the metabolic substrates provided by the roots of the various plant crops it parasitize.

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Pengaruh konsentrasi sublethal endosulfan dan glifosat terhadap konsumsi oksigen kerang darah (anadara granosa)

DEPIK ◽

10.13170/depik.4.3.3053 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Mikson M.D. Nalle ◽

Ricky Gimin

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Oxygen Consumption Rate ◽

Consumption Rate ◽

Consumption Rates ◽

Animal Exposure ◽

The Relationship ◽

Anadara Granosa ◽

Standard Animal

Abstract. The aims of the study were: (1) to test oxygen consumption of Anadara granosa under sub-lethal concentrations of endosulfan, (2) oxygen consumption under sub-lethal concentrations of glifosat and (3) oxygen consumption under mixture of endosulfan and glifosat. Complete randomlizeddesign were applied on this experiment. Initially, the oxygen consumption was standardised against animal’s dry flesh weight. Results showed that dry flesh weight afffected significantly the oxygen consumption. The relationship between the two variables was formulated as y = 0.217 + 0.243x. Based on teh relationship, the oxygen consumption was reported as mg/l/hr of 1g standard animal. Exposure of blood cockles to various sub-lethal concentrations of pesticides showed that the oxygen consumption rates reduced as the concentrations increased. For endosulfan, the oxygen consumption rate decreased from (0.5325 ± 0.1556)mg/l/hr at 0.05 ppm to (0.2282 ± 0.1552 ) mg/l/hr at 0.5 ppm. Increasing glifosat from 50 ppm to 200 ppm reduced the oxygen consumption from (0.3111± 0.1811)to (0.2449 ± 0.2548)mg/l/hr. Accordingly, the oxygen consumption decreased from (0.3376± 0.972)mg/l/hr to (0,2841± 0.2057)mg/l/hr when concentrations of mixture endosulfan + glifosat mixture increased from 0.005 + 50 ppm to 5 + 200 ppm.Keywords: pesticide; endosulfan; glyphosate; Anadara granosa; bioassay; oxygen consumption Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi sublethal endosulfan, glifosat, dan secara bersama-sama terhadap konsumsi oksigen kerang darah (Anadara granosa). Metode eksperimental dengan rancangan percobaan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) diterapkan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa berat tubuh mempengaruhi laju konsumsi oksigen dengan hubungan y = 0,217+0,243 x, sehingga hasil pengukuran laju konsumsi oksigen dinyatakan sebagai mg/l/jam per 1 gram berat kering kerang standar. Pemaparan terhadap konsentrasi sublethal menunjukkan bahwa laju konsumsi oksigen menurun seiring dengan meningkatnya konsentrasi masing – masing pestisida maupun campurannya. Untuk endosulfan, laju konsumsi oksigen menurun dari (0,5325± 0,1556) mg/l/jam pada 0,05 ppm menjadi (0,2282 ± 0,1552) mg/l/jam pada 5 ppm. Untuk glifosat, laju konsumsi oksigen menurun dari (0,3111± 0,1811) mg/l/jam pada 50 ppm menjadi (0,2449 ± 0,2548) pada 200 ppm, sedangkan untuk campuran endosulfan + glifosat, laju konsumsi oksigen menurun dari (0,3376± 0,972) mg/l/jam pada 0,005 + 50 ppm menjadi (0,2841± 0,2057) mg/l/jam pada 5 + 200 ppm. Kisaran konsentrasi sublethal ini sangat mempengaruhi konsumsi oksigen kerang darah (Anadara granosa) yaitu laju konsumsi oksigen akan menurun jika konsentrasi endosulfan dan glifosat ditingkatkan. Kata kunci: pestisida; endosulfan; glifosat; Anadara granosa; bioassay; konsumsi oksigen

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Effect of Salinity on the Oxygen Consumption of Tilapia Fingerlings

Daffodil International University Journal of Science and Technology ◽

10.3329/diujst.v7i1.9581 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 12-14

Author(s):

Md Abdul Awal ◽

Kartik Chandra Kuri ◽

Subrata Sarker

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Resting State ◽

Consumption Rate ◽

Energetic Cost ◽

Osmotic Regulation ◽

Ionic Regulation ◽

Consumption Rates ◽

Energy Consuming ◽

International University ◽

Reduced Activity

Fingerlings of tilapia were used to compare the oxygen consumption rates at 0, 10, 20 and 30 ppt salinity. Oxygen consumption of tilapia at 0, 10, 20 and 30 ppt salinity was found 2.14, 0.71, 1.43 and 1.42 ml/liter/h respectively. Oxygen consumption rate thereafter decreased with increasing salinity, although the lowest consumption occurred at 10 ppt. Lower consumption at high salinities might be a result of reduced activity, which in itself was salinitymodulated. The fish in this study were in or near a resting state, and that differences in oxygen consumption rates probably were related to the energetic cost of ionic and osmotic regulation. Again, mechanism in the fill tissue might involve significant energy-consuming processes in different water salinities compared to fresh water.Keywords: Fingerlings; water salinities; Ionic regulation; osmic regulationsDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/diujst.v7i1.9581 Daffodil International University Journal of Science and Technology Vol.7(1) 2012 12-14

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Comparison of Summer and Winter Oxygen Consumption Rates in a Temperate Dimictic Lake

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f85-204 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 42 (10) ◽

pp. 1634-1639 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

G. A. Linsey ◽

D. C. Lasenby

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Consumption Rate ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Sediment Oxygen Demand ◽

Oxygen Loss ◽

Southern Ontario ◽

Mean Values ◽

Consumption Rates ◽

Central Station ◽

Oxygen Profiles

In a temperate dimictic lake in southern Ontario, the winter rate of oxygen loss determined from oxygen profiles differed considerably from the summer hypolimnetic rate, although the sediment oxygen demand (SOD) and water column oxygen demand (WOD) did not change significantly (SOD: winter = 0.018 mg O2∙L−1∙d−1, summer = 0.020 mg O2∙L−1∙d−1; WOD: winter = 0.032 mg O2∙L−1∙d−1, summer = 0.027 mg O2∙L−1∙d−1). In summer, the sum of SOD and WOD (0.047 mg O2∙L−1∙d−1) closely approximated the hypolimnetic deficit (0.040 mg O2∙L−1∙d−1), but in winter, SOD plus WOD (0.050 mg O2∙L−1∙d−1) greatly overestimated the observed consumption rate (0.003 mg O2∙L−1∙d−1). Measurement of primary production and an estimate of rainwater influx revealed that both could be significant sources of oxygen input during winter. Although both WOD and SOD were found to vary significantly between 10 sampling sites, a central station yielded seasonal mean values that closely approximated those obtained from combining the data from all stations.

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