scholarly journals Salinity modulates thermotolerance, energy metabolism and stress response in amphipodsGammarus lacustris

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kseniya P. Vereshchagina ◽  
Yulia A. Lubyaga ◽  
Zhanna Shatilina ◽  
Daria Bedulina ◽  
Anton Gurkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Saline Lake ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Freshwater Environment ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Freshwater Population

Temperature and salinity are important abiotic factors for aquatic invertebrates. We investigated the influence of different salinity regimes on thermotolerance, energy metabolism and cellular stress defense mechanisms in amphipodsGammarus lacustrisSars from two populations. We exposed amphipods to different thermal scenarios and determined their survival as well as activity of major antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase) and parameters of energy metabolism (content of glucose, glycogen, ATP, ADP, AMP and lactate). Amphipods from a freshwater population were more sensitive to the thermal challenge, showing higher mortality during acute and gradual temperature change compared to their counterparts from a saline lake. A more thermotolerant population from a saline lake had high activity of antioxidant enzymes. The energy limitations of the freshwater population (indicated by low baseline glucose levels, downward shift of the critical temperature of aerobic metabolism and inability to maintain steady-state ATP levels during warming) was observed, possibly reflecting a trade-off between the energy demands for osmoregulation under the hypo-osmotic condition of a freshwater environment and protection against temperature stress.

Effect of Changes in Some Abiotic Factors on Growth, Reproduction, and Energy Metabolism of the Rotifer Euchlanis dilatata Ehrenberg

1998 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-83
Author(s):  
A. S. Konstantinov ◽  
N. A. Tagirova ◽  
V. M. Stepanenko ◽  
E. A. Solov'eva
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Euchlanis Dilatata

Therapeutic Potential of Biochanin-A Against Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Infarction in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangeethadevi Govindasami ◽  
Veera Venkata Sathibabu Uddandrao ◽  
Nivedha Raveendran ◽  
Vadivukkarasi Sasikumar
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Biochanin A ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase ◽  
Creatine Kinase Mb ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Detoxifying Enzyme ◽  
Cardioprotective Effects

Background: This study determined the effect of Biochanin A (BCA) on isoproterenol (ISO) induced Myocardial Infarction (MI) in male Wistar rats. Methods: Animals (weighing 150-180 g) were divided into four groups, with six animals in each group and pretreated with BCA (10mg/kg Body Weight [BW]) and ɑ-tocopherol (60mg/kg BW) for 30 days; and ISO (20mg/kg BW) was administrated subcutaneously on the 31st and 32nd day. Results: ISO-induced MI rats demonstrated the significant elevation of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase-MB and cardiac troponin; however, concomitant pretreatment with BCA protected the rats from cardiotoxicity caused by ISO. Activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione reductase significantly reduced in the heart with ISO-induced MI. Pretreatment with BCA produced a marked reversal of these antioxidant enzymes related to MI-induced by ISO. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study suggested that BCA exerts cardioprotective effects through modulating lipid peroxidation, enhancing antioxidants, and detoxifying enzyme systems.

scholarly journals Effect of Cross-Sex Hormonal Replacement on Antioxidant Enzymes in Rat Retroperitoneal Fat Adipocytes

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israel Pérez-Torres ◽  
Verónica Guarner-Lans ◽  
Alejandra Zúñiga-Muñoz ◽  
Rodrigo Velázquez Espejel ◽  
Alfredo Cabrera-Orefice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
Enzymatic Activities ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Intact Female ◽  
Hormonal Replacement

We report the effect of cross-sex hormonal replacement on antioxidant enzymes from rat retroperitoneal fat adipocytes. Eight rats of each gender were assigned to each of the following groups: control groups were intact female or male (F and M, resp.). Experimental groups were ovariectomized F (OvxF), castrated M (CasM), OvxF plus testosterone (OvxF + T), and CasM plus estradiol (CasM + E2) groups. After sacrifice, retroperitoneal fat was dissected and processed for histology. Adipocytes were isolated and the following enzymatic activities were determined: Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and glutathione reductase (GR). Also, glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were measured. In OvxF, retroperitoneal fat increased and adipocytes were enlarged, while in CasM rats a decrease in retroperitoneal fat and small adipocytes are observed. The cross-sex hormonal replacement in F rats was associated with larger adipocytes and a further decreased activity of Cu-Zn SOD, CAT, GPx, GST, GR, and GSH, in addition to an increase in LPO. CasM + E2exhibited the opposite effects showing further activation antioxidant enzymes and decreases in LPO. In conclusion, E2deficiency favors an increase in retroperitoneal fat and large adipocytes. Cross-sex hormonal replacement in F rats aggravates the condition by inhibiting antioxidant enzymes.

Antioxidant defenses and metabolic depression in a pulmonate land snail

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (6) ◽  
pp. R1386-R1393 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hermes-Lima ◽  
K. B. Storey
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Land Snail ◽  
Land Snails ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Hypometabolic State

During arousal from estivation oxygen consumption by land snails (Otala lactea) increases severalfold. To determine whether snails prepared for an accompanying rise in the rates of oxyradical generation by altering their antioxidant defense mechanisms, changes in the activities of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation products were quantified in foot and hepatopancreas of control, 30-day estivating, and aroused snails. Compared with controls, estivating O. lactea showed significant increases in the activities of foot muscle superoxide dismutase (SOD) (increasing by 56-67%), catalase (51-72%), and glutathione S-transferase (79-108%), whereas, in hepatopancreas, SOD (57-78%) and glutathione peroxidase (93-144%) increased. Within 40 min after arousal began, hepatopancreas glutathione peroxidase activity had returned to control values, but SOD showed a further 70% increase in activity but then returned to control levels by 80 min. Estivation had no effect on total glutathione (GSH + 2 GSSG) concentrations in tissues, but GSSG content had increased about twofold in both organs of 30-day dormant snails. Lipid peoxidation (quantified as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) was significantly enhanced at the onset of arousal from dormancy, indicating that oxidative stress and tissue damage occurred at this time. The data suggest that antioxidant defenses in snail organs are increased while snails are in the hypometabolic state as a preparation for oxidative stress during arousal.

Oral Administration of Rauwolfia Serpentina Plant Extract Mitigated Immobilization Stress-Induced Biochemical and Behavioral Deficits in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 875-875
Author(s):  
Erum Shireen Erum Shireen ◽  
Wafa Binte Ali Wafa Binte Ali ◽  
Maria Masroor Maria Masroor ◽  
Shamim A Qureshi Shamim A Qureshi ◽  
Sehrish Kiran Sehrish Kiran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Immobilization Stress ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Behavioral Deficits ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Rauwolfia Serpentina

Rauwolfia Serpentina is a medicinal herb used for hypertension and psychotic disorders. In this study neuroprotective effects of Rauwolfia serpentina plant extract following the exposure to acute immobilization (2h) stress in rats were investigated. The extract of the plant administered orally at non-sedative dose 30mg/kg before immobilization (2h) to observe stress induced behavioral deficits. Neuroprotective efficacy of extract was assessed in terms of alteration in activities of antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). We also monitored leptin, corticosterone and glucose levels in plasma to obtain an imminent role of Rauwolfia serpentina. Animals were orally administered with Rauwolfia serpentina (30mg/kg) while controls receive saline (1ml/kg). Each group was subdivided into stressed and unstressed groups. Behavioral deficits were monitored in the open field and light dark activity box. Animals were decapitated; plasma samples were collected for CAT, SOD, corticosterone, leptin and glucose estimation. Orally administered Rauwolfia serpentina attenuates stress induced behavioral deficits and rise antioxidant enzymes levels. Plant extract also prevents the stress-induced increase in corticosterone but glucose levels do not manifest any significant change. Immobilization stress (2h) induced decrease of plasma leptin levels were reversed by Rauwolfia serpentina. Therefore, the present study suggests that Rauwolfia serpentina has potentiality to antagonize undesirable effects of immobilization stress (2h) by reducing stress perception and inhibitory effects of stress on the activity of hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis and animal behaviors. Despite an apparent role of Rauwolfia serpentina the mechanism of action at molecular level causing the acute anxiolytic effects of oral administration of plant extract remains to be determined.

scholarly journals STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS IN DIABETIC RATS - A DEFENSIVE EFFECT OF PSYDRAX DICOCCOS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 378
Author(s):  
Ravi Kumar V ◽  
Sailaja Rao P
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Antihyperglycemic Activity ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Objective: The present study was aimed to evaluate the antihyperglycemic activity and in vivo antioxidant effect of methanolic extract of whole plant of Psydrax dicoccos (MEPD) belonging to the family Rubiaceae.Methods: MEPD was prepared by Soxhlet extraction. Wistar rats weighing (180–200 g) were divided into six groups (n=6), with three doses of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg of extract. Metformin was used as a standard drug. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (STZ) (40–50 mg/kg, i.p) in control group. The animals were treated with different doses of extracts for 21 days, and on the 22nd day, the blood glucose levels along with antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and lipid peroxidase (LPO) were determined.Results: The phytochemical screening of the extract showed the presence of carbohydrates, phenolics, flavonoids, glycosides, and tannins. The methanolic extract of MEPD at the dose of 200 mg/kg body weight showed a significant reduction in blood glucose levels (**p<0.001) with the value of 151.2 mg/dl on the 22nd day at 8 h. A promising antioxidant effect was also evident from the determination of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, CAT, and LPO.Conclusion: The P. dicoccos extract revealed a potential effect of antihyperglycemic activity and combating nature on oxidative stress induced by STZ.

scholarly journals Spatial control of neuronal metabolism through glucose-mediated mitochondrial transport regulation

eLife ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anamika Agrawal ◽  
Gulcin Pekkurnaz ◽  
Elena F Koslover
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Projection Neurons ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Mitochondrial Distribution ◽  
Organelle Trafficking ◽  
Spatially Varying

Eukaryotic cells modulate their metabolism by organizing metabolic components in response to varying nutrient availability and energy demands. In rat axons, mitochondria respond to glucose levels by halting active transport in high glucose regions. We employ quantitative modeling to explore physical limits on spatial organization of mitochondria and localized metabolic enhancement through regulated stopping of processive motion. We delineate the role of key parameters, including cellular glucose uptake and consumption rates, that are expected to modulate mitochondrial distribution and metabolic response in spatially varying glucose conditions. Our estimates indicate that physiological brain glucose levels fall within the limited range necessary for metabolic enhancement. Hence mitochondrial localization is shown to be a plausible regulatory mechanism for neuronal metabolic flexibility in the presence of spatially heterogeneous glucose, as may occur in long processes of projection neurons. These findings provide a framework for the control of cellular bioenergetics through organelle trafficking.

scholarly journals Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes in the Tumor and Adjacent Noncancerous Tissues of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzena Zalewska-Ziob ◽  
Brygida Adamek ◽  
Janusz Kasperczyk ◽  
Ewa Romuk ◽  
Edyta Hudziec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Experimental Systems ◽  
Sod Isoforms ◽  
High Oxygen Pressure ◽  
Tumor Tissues ◽  
Mnsod Activity

Lung tissue is directly exposed to high oxygen pressure, as well as increased endogenous and exogenous oxidative stress. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in these conditions play an important role in the initiation and promotion of neoplastic growth. In response to oxidative stress, the antioxidant activity increases and minimizes ROS-induced injury in experimental systems. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD; isoforms: Cu/ZnSOD and MnSOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione S-transferase (GST), along with the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) in tumor and adjacent noncancerous tissues of two histological types of NSCLC, i.e., adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, collected from 53 individuals with surgically resectable NSCLC. MDA concentration was similar in tumors compared with adjacent noncancerous tissues. Tumor cells had low MnSOD activity, usually low Cu/ZnSOD activity, and almost always low catalase activity compared with those of the corresponding tumor-free lung tissues. Activities of GSH-related enzymes were significantly higher in tumor tissues, irrespective of the histological type of cancer. This pattern of antioxidant enzymes activity could possibly be the way by which tumor cells protect themselves against increased oxidative stress.

Modulation of antioxidant defence system by dietary fat in rats intoxicated with o-toluidine

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 659-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Jodynis-Liebert ◽  
M Murias
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Antioxidant Defence ◽  
Antioxidant Defence System ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Radical Processes

o-Toluidine was administered to rats in the diet for four weeks at levels approximately 40, 80 and 160 mg/kg b.w. per day. Two types of diet have been used, standard (4% fat) and high fat (14% fat). Activity of antioxidant enzymes, level of glutathione and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were measured in liver. Glutathione peroxidase was significantly increased in all treated groups while glutathione S-transferase and glutathione reductase were elevated in rats fed high-fat diet. o-Toluidine slightly enhanced catalase activity regardless of the kind of diet. Superoxide dismutase was the only enzyme whose activity was lowered in almost all treated groups. Enzymatic and nonenzymatic microsomal lipid peroxidation was enhanced 2-to 3-fold in both diet groups. Reduced glutathione level in liver was 2.3-to 4.0-fold increased in all treated groups. Our findings indicate that free radical processes can be involved in the toxic effects of o-toluidine and dietary fat can modify the response of some antioxidant enzymes to this compound.

scholarly journals Effect of Glucose on Recovery of Energy Metabolism following Hypoxia—Oligemia in Mouse Brain: Dose-Dependence and Carbohydrate Specificity

1983 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 486-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank A. Welsh ◽  
Renee E. Sims ◽  
Ann E. McKee
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Cerebral Metabolism ◽  
Dose Dependence ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Effect Of Glucose

Unilateral cerebral hypoxia–oligemia was produced in anesthetized mice using carotid artery occlusion combined with systemic hypoxia (10% O2). In the cerebral cortex ipsilateral to the carotid occlusion, ATP levels were depleted during a 30-min insult, but were restored to 64% of control during 60 min of recovery. Pretreatment of animals with glucose diminished the restoration of ATP in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, when blood glucose levels exceeded 12–13 m M (225 mg/dl), ATP recovery was greatly impaired. Neither galactose nor 3- O-methylglucose mimicked the detrimental effect of glucose. However, pretreatment with mannose, which is readily metabolized by brain, impaired restoration of ATP. The impairment, therefore, appears to be specific for substrates of cerebral metabolism. The ischemic accumulation of lactate in the ipsilateral cortex was augmented by only 30% at blood glucose levels well above the threshold for ATP recovery. Thus, unless recovery of energy metabolism is sensitive to small increments in brain lactate, it is difficult to explain the glucose-induced energy failure on the basis of enhanced lactic acidosis. Ipsilateral cerebral blood flow (CBF), measured with [14C]iodoantipyrine during hypoxia and recovery, was lower in glucose-pretreated than in saline-pretreated animals. However, the poor correlation between CBF and ATP, measured in the same tissue samples at 15 min recovery, failed to substantiate that regeneration of ATP was flow-limited early in recovery.

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