scholarly journals Age of onset of cannabis use and decision making under uncertainty

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Ramón Alameda-Bailén ◽  
Pilar Salguero-Alcañiz ◽  
Ana Merchán-Clavellino ◽  
Susana Paíno-Quesada
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Computational Model ◽  
Loss Aversion ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
And Control

Objective Cannabis, like other substances, negatively affects health, inducing respiratory problems and mental and cognitive alterations. Memory and learning disorders, as well as executive dysfunctions, are also neuropsychological disorders associated to cannabis use. Recent evidence reveals that cannabis use during adolescence may disrupt the normal development of the brain. This study is aimed to analyze possible differences between early-onset and late-onset cannabis consumers. Method We used a task based on a card game with four decks and different programs of gains/losses. A total of 72 subjects (19 women; 53 men) participated in the study; they were selected through a purposive sampling and divided into three groups: early-onset consumers, late-onset consumers, and control (non-consumers). The task used was the “Cartas” program (computerized version based on the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT)), with two versions: direct and inverse. The computational model “Prospect Valence Learning” (PVL) was applied in order to describe the decision according to four characteristics: utility, loss aversion, recency, and consistency. Results The results evidence worst performance in the IGT in the early-onset consumers as compared to late-onset consumers and control. Differences between groups were also found in the PVL computational model parameters, since the process of decision making of the early-onset consumers was more influenced by the magnitude of the gains-losses, and more determined by short-term results without loss aversion. Conclusions Early onset cannabis use may involve decision-making problems, and therefore intervention programs are necessary in order to reduce the prevalence and delay the onset of cannabis use among teenagers.

Age, Age of Onset and Course of Primary Depressive Illness in the Elderly*

1983 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin G. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Physical Illness ◽  
Course Of Illness

Thirty-eight elderly patients with primary depressive illness (Feighner criteria) were followed up for 7–31 months. In the absence of persistent organic signs and severe physical illness, age of onset (first depressive episode after 60) but not age was significantly related to course of illness. Compared to early onset depressives, late onset depressives were more likely to remain completely well during the follow-up period and less likely to have frequent or disabling relapses.

Early and Late Onset Bipolar Disorders in Older Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S211-S211
Author(s):  
N. Smaoui ◽  
L. Zouari ◽  
N. Charfi ◽  
M. Maâlej-Bouali ◽  
N. Zouari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Medical Diagnoses ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Bipolar Patients

IntroductionAge of onset of illness may be useful in explaining the heterogeneity among older bipolar patients.ObjectiveTo examine the relationship of age of onset with clinical, demographic and behavioral variables, in older patients with bipolar disorder.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study, including 24 patients suffering from bipolar disorders, aged 65 years or more and followed-up in outpatient psychiatry unit at Hedi Chaker university hospital in Sfax in Tunisia. We used a standardized questionnaire including socio-demographic, behavioral and clinical data. Age of onset was split at age 40 years into early-onset (< 40 years; n = 12) and late-onset (≥ 40 years; n = 12) groups.ResultsThe mean age for the entire sample was 68.95 years. The mean age of onset was 39.95 years. The majority (60%) of patients were diagnosed with bipolar I. Few meaningful differences emerged between early-onset and late-onset groups, except that tobacco use was significantly higher in the late-onset group (66.6% vs. 16.6%; P = 0.027). No significant differences between the early-onset and late-onset groups were seen on demographic variables, family history and number of medical diagnoses or presence of psychotic features.ConclusionOur study found few meaningful behavioral differences between early versus late age at onset in older adults with bipolar disorder.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Maternofetal outcomes in early versus late onset pre-eclampsia: a comparative study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 548
Author(s):  
Poornima Shankar ◽  
Kavitha Karthikeyan ◽  
Amrita Priscilla Nalini ◽  
Sindhura M. ◽  
Gowtham Kim
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Fetal Outcomes ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Onset Type ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Early Onset Preeclampsia

Background: Preeclampsia is being increasingly recognized as two different entities: early-onset preeclampsia occurring at less than 34 weeks of gestation, and late-onset disease occurring at 34 or more weeks of gestation. Early-onset and late-onset pre-eclampsia are found to have different implications for the mother and neonate. The aim of this study is to compare the risk factors, maternal and fetal outcomes in early (<34 weeks) versus late (≥34weeks) onset preeclampsia.Methods: 208 patients diagnosed with pre-eclampsia in Chettinad Academy of Research and Education over a period of three years (From January 2014 to December 2016) were retrospectively studied. Patients were classified as early onset and late onset pre-eclampsia based on the gestational age of onset. Data on risk factors, maternal and fetal outcomes were collected and analyzed using Chi Square and Fisher’s test and compared.Results: The overall preeclampsia rate was 6.3%. Early onset and late onset were 34.6% and 65.3% respectively and the rate increased with increasing gestational age.35.3% of patients with late onset preeclampsia and 55.6% patients of early onset type required more than one drug which is a statistically significant difference. Proteinuria more than 3gm/l/day was significantly more in late onset preeclampsia than in early onset preeclampsia. 55.5% of patients with early onset pre-eclampsia required MgSO4 when compared to 17.4%. There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of caesarean section (61.1% vs 73.5%). Altered coagulation profile was significantly more in early onset preeclampsia (11.1%). The incidence of oligohydramnios, SGA and low APGAR at 5 minutes of birth were significantly high in early onset pre-eclampsia when compared to late onset type.Conclusions: Patients with early onset pre-eclampsia are found to have significantly higher rates of specific maternal and fetal morbidity when compared to the late onset type.

scholarly journals Clinical and Molecular Comparative Study of Colorectal Cancer Based on Age-of-onset and Tumor Location: Two Main Criteria for Subclassifying Colorectal Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edurne Álvaro ◽  
Juana M. Cano ◽  
Juan L. García ◽  
Lorena Brandáriz ◽  
Susana Olmedillas-López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Cpg Island ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Tumor Location ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Braf Mutations ◽  
Rectal Cancers

Our aim was to characterize and validate that the location and age of onset of the tumor are both important criteria to classify colorectal cancer (CRC). We analyzed clinical and molecular characteristics of early-onset CRC (EOCRC) and late-onset CRC (LOCRC), and we compared each tumor location between both ages-of-onset. In right-sided colon tumors, early-onset cases showed extensive Lynch syndrome (LS) features, with a relatively low frequency of chromosomal instability (CIN), but a high CpG island methylation phenotype. Nevertheless, late-onset cases showed predominantly sporadic features and microsatellite instability cases due to BRAF mutations. In left colon cancers, the most reliable clinical features were the tendency to develop polyps as well as multiple primary CRC associated with the late-onset subset. Apart from the higher degree of CIN in left-sided early-onset cancers, differential copy number alterations were also observed. Differences among rectal cancers showed that early-onset rectal cancers were diagnosed at later stages, had less association with polyps, and more than half of them were associated with a familial LS component. Stratifying CRC according to both location and age-of-onset criteria is meaningful, not only because it correlates the resulting categories with certain molecular bases, but with the confirmation across larger studies, new therapeutical algorithms could be defined according to this subclassification.

scholarly journals Maternal Serum Angiogenic Factor sFlt-1 to PlGF Ratio in Preeclampsia: A Useful Marker for Differential Diagnosis and Prognosis Evaluation in Chinese Women

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-zhen Lou ◽  
Fang Jiang ◽  
Jing Hu ◽  
Xiao-xu Chen ◽  
Ying-na Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Angiogenic Factor ◽  
Chronic Hypertension ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
And Control ◽  
Plgf Ratio

The ratio of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 to placental growth factor (sFlt-1/PlGF) is elevated and proved to be useful in preeclampsia (PE) diagnosis. Its value in differential diagnosis with other pregnancy complications and prediction of pregnancy duration has yet to be clarified in Chinese population. We retrospectively analyzed 118 singleton pregnancies with suspected or diagnosed PE at the Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) in China. Among these, 62 pregnancies were diagnosed as PE (48 early onsets and 14 late onsets, with 39 and 5 severe PE, respectively), 12 gestational hypertension (GH), 15 chronic hypertension (chrHTN), 16 autoimmune diseases, and 13 pregnancies with uncomplicated proteinuria. And 76 normal pregnancies were included as control. The results showed (1) the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio in early onset PE subgroup was significantly higher than that in GH, chrHTN, and control groups; the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio in late onset PE subgroup was significantly higher than that in chrHTN and control groups, but similar as GH group; the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio was similar among GH, chrHTN, and control groups. (2) The sFlt-1/PlGF ratio was significantly increased in the PE group compared with autoimmune disease and uncomplicated proteinuria pregnancies. (3) By ROC curve analysis, the cutoff value of the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio was less than 21.5 to rule out PE and higher than 97.2 to confirm the diagnosis of PE. (4) The sFlt-1/PlGF ratio was higher in PE pregnancies delivering within 7 days than those more than 7 days, either in early onset PE or severe PE. In conclusion, we show that maternal sFlt-1/PlGF ratio is an efficient biomarker in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of PE. This ratio can be used to predict the timing of delivery for PE pregnancies.

scholarly journals Computational Causal Modeling of the Dynamic Biomarker Cascade in Alzheimer’s Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey R. Petrella ◽  
Wenrui Hao ◽  
Adithi Rao ◽  
P. Murali Doraiswamy
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Computational Model ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Causal Model ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Neuronal Loss ◽  
Prior Literature ◽  
Longitudinal Biomarker

Background. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a major public health concern, and there is an urgent need to better understand its complex biology and develop effective therapies. AD progression can be tracked in patients through validated imaging and spinal fluid biomarkers of pathology and neuronal loss. We still, however, lack a coherent quantitative model that explains how these biomarkers interact and evolve over time. Such a model could potentially help identify the major drivers of disease in individual patients and simulate response to therapy prior to entry in clinical trials. A current theory of AD biomarker progression, known as the dynamic biomarker cascade model, hypothesizes AD biomarkers evolve in a sequential but temporally overlapping manner. A computational model incorporating assumptions about the underlying biology of this theory and its variations would be useful to test and refine its accuracy with longitudinal biomarker data from clinical trials. Methods. We implemented a causal model to simulate time-dependent biomarker data under the descriptive assumptions of the dynamic biomarker cascade theory. We modeled pathologic biomarkers (beta-amyloid and tau), neuronal loss biomarkers, and cognitive impairment as nonlinear first-order ordinary differential equations (ODEs) to include amyloid-dependent and nondependent neurodegenerative cascades. We tested the feasibility of the model by adjusting its parameters to simulate three specific natural history scenarios in early-onset autosomal dominant AD and late-onset AD and determine whether computed biomarker trajectories agreed with current assumptions of AD biomarker progression. We also simulated the effects of antiamyloid therapy in late-onset AD. Results. The computational model of early-onset AD demonstrated the initial appearance of amyloid, followed by biomarkers of tau and neurodegeneration and the onset of cognitive decline based on cognitive reserve, as predicted by the prior literature. Similarly, the late-onset AD computational models demonstrated the first appearance of amyloid or nonamyloid-related tauopathy, depending on the magnitude of comorbid pathology, and also closely matched the biomarker cascades predicted by the prior literature. Forward simulation of antiamyloid therapy in symptomatic late-onset AD failed to demonstrate any slowing in progression of cognitive decline, consistent with prior failed clinical trials in symptomatic patients. Conclusions. We have developed and computationally implemented a mathematical causal model of the dynamic biomarker cascade theory in AD. We demonstrate the feasibility of this model by simulating biomarker evolution and cognitive decline in early- and late-onset natural history scenarios, as well as in a treatment scenario targeted at core AD pathology. Models resulting from this causal approach can be further developed and refined using patient data from longitudinal biomarker studies and may in the future play a key role in personalizing approaches to treatment.

Influence of Impulsivity During Decision-making in Regular Cannabis Users

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S205-S205
Author(s):  
V. Laprevote ◽  
A.L. Devin ◽  
B. Blanc ◽  
R. Schwan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Delay Aversion ◽  
Gambling Task ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionRegular cannabis use is associated with cognitive impairments, including impaired decision making measured by the Iowa Gambling Task. The question remains whether the impulsivity measured in regular cannabis users may participate to impaired decision making. Interestingly, the Cambridge Gambling Task (CGT) is a computerized gambling task allows to differentiate risk taking and impulsivity when making a decision.AimsThis study aims at separately exploring the impact of regular cannabis use on risk taking and impulsivity during decision making process.ObjectivesTo do so, we compared the performance of regular cannabis users and healthy controls during the CGT.MethodsForty-three regular cannabis users (> 7 units/week) with a cannabis use disorder (CUD), 8 non-CUD regular cannabis users and 30 healthy controls were recruited. Decision-making was assessed using the CGT. The following outcomes were considered: Delay aversion score, Overall proportion bet, quality of decision making, risk taking and risk adjustment.ResultsThe analysis on delay aversion score showed a group effect (F = 3.839, P = 0.026) but no effect on other CGT variables. This effect was explained by the fact that cannabis CUD users had a higher delay aversion score than healthy controls and non-CUD cannabis users.ConclusionsIn this study, CUD cannabis users had an increased impulsivity but no increase of risk taking and quality of decision-making. Future work should include the CGT with a clinical scale to evaluate impulsivity and a motor inhibition task to understand if the impairment observed relates to cognitive or motor abilities.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Altered Proteolysis in Fibroblasts of Alzheimer Patients with Predictive Implications for Subjects at Risk of Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Mocali ◽  
Nunzia Della Malva ◽  
Claudia Abete ◽  
Vito Antonio Mitidieri Costanza ◽  
Antonio Bavazzano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Onset ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Apoe Genotype ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Cultured Fibroblasts ◽  
Laboratory Tool

There is great interest in developing reliable biomarkers to support antemortem diagnosis of late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Early prediction and diagnosis of AD might be improved by the detection of a proteolytic dysfunction in extracts from cultured AD fibroblasts, producing altered isoelectrophoretic forms of the enzyme transketolase (TK-alkaline bands). The TK profile and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype were examined in fibroblasts from 36 clinically diagnosed probable late-onset sporadic AD patients and 38 of their asymptomatic relatives, 29 elderly healthy individuals, 12 neurological non-AD patients, and 5 early-onset AD patients. TK alterations occurred in (i) several probable AD patients regardless of age-of-onset and severity of disease; (ii) all early-onset AD patients and APOEε4/4 carriers; and (iii) nearly half of asymptomatic AD relatives. Normal subjects and non-AD patients were all negative. Notably, culture conditions promoting TK alterations were also effective in increasing active BACE1 levels. Overall, the TK assay might represent a low-cost laboratory tool useful for supporting AD differential diagnosis and identifying asymptomatic subjects who are at greater risk of AD and who should enter a follow-up study. Moreover, the cultured fibroblasts were confirmed as a usefulin vitromodel for further studies on the pathogenetic process of AD.

scholarly journals Whole-exome analysis in Parkinson’s disease reveals a high burden of ultra rare variants in early onset cases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernabe I. Bustos ◽  
Dimitri Krainc ◽  
Steven J. Lubbe ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Rare Variants ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Genetic Component ◽  
Genetic Risk Assessment ◽  
Whole Exome

ABSTRACTParkinson’s disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder with a strong genetic component. We performed a “hypothesis-free” exome-wide burden-based analysis of different variant frequencies, predicted functional impact and age of onset classes, in order to expand the understanding of rare variants in PD. Analyzing whole-exome data from a total of 1,425 PD cases and 596 controls, we found a significantly increased burden of ultra-rare (URV= private variants absent from gnomAD) protein altering variants (PAV) in early-onset PD cases (EOPD, <40 years old; P=3.95×10−26, beta=0.16, SE=0.02), compared to LOPD cases (>60 years old, late-onset), where more common PAVs (allele frequencies <0.001) showed the highest significance and effect (P=0.026, beta=0.15, SE=0.07). Gene-set burden analysis of URVs in EOPD highlighted significant disease- and tissue-relevant genes, pathways and protein-protein interaction networks that were different to that observed in non-EOPD cases. Heritability estimates revealed that URVs account for 15.9% of the genetic component in EOPD individuals. Our results suggest that URVs play a significant role in EOPD and that distinct etiological bases may exist for EOPD and sporadic PD. By providing new insights into the genetic architecture of PD, our study may inform approaches aimed at novel gene discovery and provide new directions for genetic risk assessment based on disease age of onset.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document