scholarly journals Analysis of Institutional Factors Affecting Optimization of Coffee Yields in Chuka Sub-County, Tharaka-Nithi County, Kenya

2020 ◽  
pp. 130-141
Author(s):  
David M. Kihoro ◽  
Geofrey K. Gathungu
Keyword(s):  
Small Scale ◽  
Services Research ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Extension Services ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The World ◽  
Coffee Farmers ◽  
The Government ◽  
Poor Management

The importance of coffee production in the world economy cannot be ruled out due to its contribution in the developing countries in areas such as creation of employment and rise in foreign exchange. Most of the coffee producing countries in the world have come up with strategies to increase their quantity and improve the quality of their produce. In Kenya, the government have also come with numerous policies to support coffee production at the farm level but production of coffee in Kenya has since 1989 crop year been declining. There has been emergence of other enterprises that are profitable than coffee production such as real estate and dairy sector in most of the coffee-growing zones, but there are many farmers who have been determined to maintain coffee production. Despite the efforts made by the government to maximise coffee production in terms of quality and quantity, production has shown a downward trend, with some farmers completely doing away with production This study was aimed at assessing the factors that affect optimization of coffee production in Chuka sub-County, Tharaka-Nithi County. Proportional stratified random sampling was used to select a sample of 153 respondents from a population of 7,428 small-scale coffee farmers from ten cooperatives in the sub-County. The findings of the study indicated that access to extension, access to research and management of coffee cooperative were essential in coffee production with a mean agreement of 58.33%. The research established that access to extension (5%) and management of cooperatives (5%) were statistically significant while access to research at (5%) was statistically insignificant. Similarly, access to extension services increased optimization by 91%, poor management of coffee cooperatives reduced production by 45.1%, while access to research increased coffee production by 51%. Therefore, it is important to ensure farmers access extension services, research and there is improved management of coffee cooperatives.

scholarly journals Assessment of Technical Efficiency and Its Potential Determinants among Small-Scale Coffee Farmers in Rwanda

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jules Ngango ◽  
Seung Gyu Kim
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Land Consolidation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Simultaneous Estimation ◽  
Northern Province ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Extension Services ◽  
Technical Inefficiency ◽  
Coffee Farmers ◽  
Coffee Sector

Coffee production is the main economic activity for smallholder farmers in Rwanda; it is also a major export crop. However, Rwandan coffee production has been facing structural changes with a significant decline in production. Considering the importance of the coffee sector to rural livelihoods and its potential role in export earnings, there is a need to ensure that small-scale coffee farmers efficiently use scarce resources in their production activities. Thus, this study estimates the technical efficiency and possible sources of inefficiency in small-scale coffee farming in the Northern Province of Rwanda. Three hundred and twenty coffee farmers are sampled to carry out a simultaneous estimation of the stochastic production frontier and technical inefficiency model. The results indicate that the mean technical efficiency among small-scale coffee farmers is 82 percent, implying a potential to increase coffee production by 18 percent with the current level of resources and technology. Coffee production displays increasing returns to scale and factors such as education, access to credit, extension services, improved variety of coffee trees, cropping system, and land consolidation have a positive and significant effect on technical efficiency. Thus, development policies in the coffee sector might focus more on enhancing the accessibility of farmers to extension services and credit facilities. In addition, adoption of high-yielding and disease-resistant coffee varieties, better cropping systems, and management of coffee plantations in land consolidation might reduce technical inefficiency among coffee farmers in the Northern Province of Rwanda.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Socio-Economic Factors Impeding Production of Cashew in Ogaji, North Central Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-244
Author(s):  
Uсhе Okoуе ◽  
Success Esomchi Obi ◽  
Okeme Ukwumonu Patrick
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Economic Factor ◽  
Transport Cost ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Extension Services ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Government ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

The paper examined socio-economic factors affecting cashew production in Ogaji, Ankpa LGA, Northcentral Nigeria. Data was collected through a semi-structured questionnaire and interview administered to 143 registered farmers. Data obtained were analyzed descriptively using inferential statistics of mean score ranking, frequency tables and graph. Results showed that majority of the farmers were within the age of 26-35 and have been into farming since birth. Also there was moderate literacy level among the farmers as 50% of total respondents have formal education. Findings reveals that the socio-economic factor affecting production were; Access to and use of credit facilities, farmers-herders conflict, income level, transportation problem, lack of access to capital and poor extension services agent relations were the major socio-economic factors affecting cashew production in the study area. The study amongst others recommends that; the government should encourage private sectors such as Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) to invest in credits facilities like small-scale bank to offer credit to farmers at affordable rate, proactive measures should be taken to quell the farmer-herders crisis as it poses threat to farming activities. Government should strive to develop roads; this will increase small holder’s economic opportunities by reducing transport cost and allowing farmers to get access to marketing information and small holder’s cashew profitability. Extension service agent should try to understand the rural dwellers and their educational level to help them have access to extension services in other to improve their knowledge of farm management.

STUDI ANALISIS DAMPAK PADEMI COVID-19 TERHADAP EKSISTENSI PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DI INDONESIA

Edupedia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
Ilzam Dhaifi
Keyword(s):  
Online Education ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
Virtual Classroom ◽  
Education Services ◽  
Religious Consciousness ◽  
The Core ◽  
Equal Education ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government

The world has been surprised by the emergence of a COVID 19 pandemic, was born in China, and widespread to various countries in the world. In Indonesia, the government issued several policies to break the COVID 19 pandemic chain, which also triggered some pro-cons in the midst of society. One of the policies government takes is the closure of learning access directly at school and moving the learning process from physical class to a virtual classroom or known as online learning. In the economic sector also affects the parents’ financial ability to provide sufficient funds to support the implementation of distance learning applied by the government. The implications of the distance education policy are of course the quality of learning, including the subjects of Islamic religious education, which is essentially aimed at planting knowledge, skills, and religious consciousness to form the character of the students. Online education must certainly be precise, in order to provide equal education services to all students, prepare teachers to master the technology, and seek the core learning of Islamic religious education can still be done well.

Factors affecting the development of e-government using a citizen-centric approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanda Sorn-in ◽  
Kulthida Tuamsuk ◽  
Wasu Chaopanon
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Government Services ◽  
Government Sector ◽  
The Government

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study the factors affecting the development of e-government by using a citizen-centric approach. Design/methodology/approach – This paper is a mixed-methods study consisting of qualitative and quantitative research. Data were collected from government agencies using a structured interview and questionnaire about e-government services. The research was collected from the people responsible for the management of an e-government project in 75 government agencies. In addition, the researcher collected data from 1,400 citizens by using an e-Survey questionnaire that grouped participants by age. Findings – By using a citizen-centric approach, the paper identified the factors affecting the development of e-government. There were five factors from the viewpoint of government agencies and citizen groups: quality of e-government services, policy and governance, information technology infrastructure, organization and economy and society. Research limitations/implications – The research covered the development patterns of e-government for services from government to citizens only. Practical implications – Seeing the importance of environmental factors for both service providers and service users would facilitate continuous improvement of e-government service provision by government agencies. Social implications – The results reflect citizens’ need for e-government services; quality is their priority. Hence, government agencies must consider the quality of the delivery of information and e-government services as they relate to the lifestyles and needs of citizens. Originality/value – The creation of knowledge from merging e-government concepts with citizen-centric principles is a modern government sector management theory. This research stresses the need for the government sector to see the need for e-government and to recognize the factors for its successful development. This means the design and development of e-government services should respond to the increasing needs of the citizens.

scholarly journals Pengembangan Kapasitas Birokrasi dalam Rangka Peningkatan Kinerja Pelayanan Publik

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 268
Author(s):  
Firdaus Firdaus ◽  
Ferdricka Nggeboe
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Electronic Media ◽  
Shared Vision ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Work Assessment ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government

The low quality of public services in Indonesia has long been a problem that people have always complained about. This is characterized by the complex and expensive price of services, as well as the difficulty of gaining access to public services. The need and demands for quality public services become the hope of the community is urgent to be met by the government. This is in line with the current globalization trend which is characterized by the rapid advancement of science and technology so that the world becomes limitless. Nowadays, people easily get access to information both through print and electronic media, so that people are more aware and aware of their rights in obtaining services. Bureaucratic leaders at various levels, must have the same understanding and awareness to realize shared vision through accuracy and ability to make changes, and continue to develop innovation and creativity and involve all components of bureaucracy in developing bureaucratic capacity to be able to improve the performance of public services. That to provide the best service to the community, it must meet the principles of public service implementation in accordance with the basic principles that become the basis of reference in organizing, reference work, and work assessment for each public service organizing institution

ANALYSIS OF KEY TRENDS OF THE INTERNATIONAL COAL MARKET (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE COUNTRIES OF NORTH-EASTERN ASIA)

2021 ◽  
pp. 96-105
Author(s):  
Andrey V. Cherechukin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The World ◽  
Coal Market ◽  
National Economies

The article provides an analysis of key trends in the international market, using the example of the countries of Northeast Asia. In 2019, the world coal market amounted to 1,424.5 million tons, of which 78.1% are energy grades to produce electricity and heat, and 21.9% are in metallurgy, the reserves of which are significantly less. The import coal market of the countries of Northeast Asia in 2019 was already 680 million tons, covering 48% of the entire world coal market. The paper provides an overview of the key importers and exporters of coal in the world, the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the supplied raw materials, and analyzes the key factors affecting the pricing of coal. In the conclusions, the main trends in the international coal market of the countries of Northeast Asia are presented, including "geographical" — the shift of the center of world trade from Europe to Asia, and "types and quality of imported coal" — an increase in the share of high-quality premium energy and coking (metallurgical). Trends can be clearly seen in the countries of Northeast Asia, which actively use coal, and are making efforts to decarbonize their national economies, while intensifying inter-fuel competition with other primary energy sources.

Socioeconomic Development in Balochistan

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-43
Author(s):  
Naveeda Erum ◽  
Naima Saeed ◽  
Tansif Ur Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Agrarian Society ◽  
The World ◽  
Copper Gold ◽  
The Status ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
The Government ◽  
Juniper Forests

Balochistan has witnessed rapid social change since the 1970s. These changes were augmented by the national and international political situation. The traditional, tribal, and largely pastoral nomadic society of Balochistan gradually transformed into a modernizing agrarian society. On 1st July 1970, when ‘One Unit' was dissolved, Balochistan gained the status of a province and the bureaucratic expansion required educated work force. Thus, the Government of Pakistan expanded educational facilities in Balochistan, but this expansion continued at a very slow pace. Unfortunately, Balochistan is still the most backward province in terms of socioeconomic development in Pakistan. Though, it is the largest province in Pakistan, almost 44% of Pakistan's total area. It also possesses one of the largest blocks of juniper forests in the world. Along with it, Balochistan is rich in biodiversity and possess natural resources in abundance, like copper, gold, lead, zinc, iron, coal, and marble. This article focuses on the various factors affecting the socioeconomic development in Balochistan.

scholarly journals Possible models of implementing private protected area concept in Lithuania

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-28
Author(s):  
Raminta Povilaitytė ◽  
Ričardas Skorupskas
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
Private Protected Areas ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Landscape Biodiversity

Nowadays people are more aware of the importance of the surrounding nature: landscape, biodiversity, and natural resources. However, society is facing many ecological challenges, so individuals and communities are becoming more involved in conservation. While government is not always capable of providing the best care of nature and all its components, ordinary people, or non-government organizations “step up” and help them. One way of doing that is creating private protected areas. Many countries in the world have examples of this kind of protected areas’ governance type: some are more regulated in legal systems, some are less, but they all provide crucial benefits to conservation if managed properly. In Lithuania protected areas are governed only by the government but usually the lack of funds affects the quality of conservation. Because of that, it is necessary to analyse different mechanisms of creation of private protected areas, take examples from best practices in the world and consider implementing it in the national protected area system.

scholarly journals Terorisma tiesiskā regulējuma problēmas

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (19) ◽  
pp. 76-89
Author(s):  
Valdis Voins
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
The World ◽  
Regional Organisations ◽  
Universal Values ◽  
Special Rules ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Eu

Terorisma draudi pēdējos gados ir pieauguši un kļuvuši daudzpusīgāki, tie ir viens no visnopietnākajiem universālo vērtību – cilvēka cieņas, brīvības, līdztiesības un solidaritātes, cilvēktiesību un pamatbrīvību – pārkāpumiem un viens no visnopietnākajiem uzbrukumiem demokrātijas un tiesiskuma principiem. Teroristiskās vardarbības akti ir noziegumi pret sabiedrisko drošību un mieru. Saukt pie atbildības par tiem var saskaņā ar vispārējām krimināltiesiskām normām par slepkavību, sprādzienu organizāciju un citiem vardarbīgiem noziegumiem bez nepieciešamības pierādīt speciālo teroristisko nodomu – tieši iebaidīt iedzīvotājus vai ietekmēt valdību veikt vai neveikt noteiktas darbības. Daudzas personas, kuru izdarīto noziedzīgo nodarījumu pazīmes liecina par vēlmi ietekmēt valdību vai iebaidīt iedzīvotājus, sekmīgi notiesātas, nepiemērojot speciālos antiteroristiskos likumus. Speciālās normas tiek pieņemtas, lai dotu iespēju saukt pie atbildības visu ar teroristisko darbību saistīto personu loku: organizatorus, vadītājus, vervētājus un atbalstītājus. Laika gaitā katrā pasaules valstī ir izveidojusies sava krimināltiesību un kriminālprocesuālo tiesību sistēma. Nozīmīgākie krimināltiesību attīstību ietekmējošie faktori ir valsts ģeogrāfiskais stāvoklis, vēsture un sabiedrības attīstība, valstu nacionālās īpatnības un specifiskās iezīmes, noziedzības struktūra un tās jaunās izpausmes. Krimināltiesību attīstības virzienus ietekmē starptautisko un reģionālo organizāciju izveide un darbība, kā arī politisko procesu attīstības tendences pasaulē. Ir svarīgi izveidot pienācīgus instrumentus, lai aizsargātu Eiropas Savienības (ES) pilsoņus un visus ES iedzīvotājus un novērstu šādus pārkāpumus efektīvā un samērīgā veidā, kas ir pietiekams, lai risinātu apdraudējumu, ar ko saskaras ES, vienlaikus saglabājot sabiedrības modeli, kurā valda plurālisms, nediskriminācija, tolerance, taisnīgums, solidaritāte un līdztiesība. Terrorist threat has grown and evolved in recent years. Acts of terrorism constitute one of the most serious violations of universal values: human dignity, freedom, equality and solidarity, human rights and fundamental freedoms, and they also represent one of the most serious attacks on the principles of democracy and the rule of law. Acts of terrorist violence are crimes against public security and peace. They can be prosecuted in accordance with the general criminal law provisions on murder, organisation of explosions and other violent crimes, without the need to prove the special terrorist intent to intimidate the population directly or influence the government to take or not to take certain actions. A large number of people whose criminal characteristics make it possible to see a desire to influence the government or to intimidate the population have been successfully convicted without applying special anti-terrorist laws. The special rules are adopted to enable the entire spectrum of persons involved in terrorist activity to be brought to justice: organisers, managers, recruiters, supporters. Over time, each country in the world has developed its own criminal law and criminal justice system. The most important factors affecting the development of criminal law include: geographical location, history and societal development of the country, national specificities and specific features of the country, structure of crime and its new manifestations. Developments in criminal law are influenced by the establishment and functioning of international and regional organisations and developments in political processes around the world. It is important to have adequate tools in place to protect EU citizens and all people living in the EU and counter such violations in an effective and proportionate manner, which are adequate to meet up to the threats the EU is confronted with, while preserving a society in which pluralism, non-discrimination, tolerance, justice, solidarity and equality prevail.

scholarly journals A Review on Potentiality of Industry 4.0 in Nepal: Does the Pandemic Play Catalyst Role?

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 366-379
Author(s):  
Sharad Rajbhandari ◽  
Ghanashyam Khanal ◽  
Seeprata Parajuli ◽  
Dipendra Karki
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Unskilled Labor ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government

Background: Industry 4.0 is the revolution of industrial process along with the adaptation of technological changes and advancement. With the passage of time industry 4.0 has been catching the attention of industries all over the world. Various studies and literatures seem to be emerging regarding industry 4.0 around the globe. However, in Nepalese context no study has been conducted on the particular field. Objective:This study aims to study the current status of industries in Kathmandu valley and analyzes the factors affecting industrial readiness for industry 4.0 amidst the effects of the pandemic. It tries to review the industrial readiness for industry 4.0 in Nepal. Methods: Systematic literature review was conducted to analyze various literatures around the world along with 20 empirical reviews to make this study more efficient. Also, conceptual framework was developed to draw roadmap of the study. Results: We found that Nepal has got many problems in adoption of the concept of Industry 4.0. Our study noticed that along with the involvement of much unskilled labor force in industries, lack of infrastructural development and innovation, and ineffective government policy are the vital ones. Conclusion and implication: This study concludes that Nepal has huge unskilled workers relatively to skilled workers that are means for adaptation of new technologies, replacing manual work and the government from policy level needs to focus on this. This study will be beneficiary for Ministry of Information and technology, Ministry of industry, Ministry of Education, Health and science, Policy makers, Foreign as well as domestic investors, and for authors and graduating students in understanding industries readiness for 4.0 in Nepal.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document