scholarly journals Comparative Study on the Biochemical Composition of the Flesh of Egeria radiata (Bivalvia: Donacidae) and Crassotrea rhizophorea (Perecypode: Lameillebrachia) of the Cross River State, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Opeh, Patience Bassey
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Biochemical Profile ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Cross River ◽  
Cross River State ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nutritional Benefits

The food and mineral contents of flesh of the two bivalve species (Egeria radiata and Crassostrea rhizophorea) of Cross river, Nigeria were investigated. The study revealed that the moisture content of E. radiata and C. rhizophorea was 52.46% and 54.01%, crude protein was 24.37% and 20.49%, fat was 9.03% and14.22%, crude fibre was 0.01% and 1.30%, ash was 1.43% and 9.05%, carbohydrate was 12.7% and 2.23% and energy was 229.58J and 218.84J. The mineral content of E. radiata and C. rhizophorea  showed a significant difference (P<0.05) in Ca+, Na+, K, Mg, while the Zn, Pb, Cu, Fe, P and Mn were similar (P>0.05). Based on the findings of this study, biochemical profile of E. radiata is high in nutrients and is suitable for human consumption. Therefore, concerted efforts should be made to enlighten the populace on the increased nutritional benefits of consuming E. radiata.

Nutritive contents of Allanblackia floribunda Oliv. (Guttiferae) forage in sylvopastoralism in southeastern agroecological zone of Nigeria

1970 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.I. Onyenso ◽  
K.A. Nwobodo ◽  
A.M. Yakubu
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Cross River ◽  
Cross River State ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Rivers State ◽  
Agroecological Zone

Nutrition is one of the major constraints to livestock production in the tropics. This research aimed at assessing the nutritive contents of Allanblackia floribunda leaves from different sylvopastoralism locations in the southeastern agroecological zone of Nigeria: Ikwuano L.G.A. in Abia state, Ikom L.G.A. in Cross River state and Eleme L.G.A. in Rivers State. Leaf samples were analysed in the laboratory to determine their nutritive contents. The results of the proximate, minerals and vitamins analysis of Allanblackia floribunda leaves from Ikwuano, Ikom and Eleme as follows; crude protein: 9.51%, 8.46%, 9.86%; fat: 4.64%, 3.69%, 4.19%; Crude fibre: 17.32%, 15.24%, 17.12%; ash: 5.26%, 4.10%, 4.50%; carbohydrate: 0.46%,0.41%, 0.46% and moisture: 10.07%, 9.90%, 9.60%. For the mineral contents, calcium:14.70mg/100g,14.6970mg/100g, 15.37mg/100g; magnesium: 11.20 mg/100g, 11.33 mg/100g, 10.40 mg/100g; phosphorus: 287.88 mg/100g, 280.53 mg/100g, 290.05 mg/100g; potassium: 217.67 mg/100g, 219.12 mg/100g, 220.13 mg/100g and sodium: 21.07 mg/100g, 21.70 mg/100g, 20.67 mg/100g. For the vitamins, vitamins C: 15.25 mg/100g, 11.73 mg/100g, 14.66 mg/100g; thiamine: 0.04 mg/100g, 0.06 mg/100g, 0.04 mg/100g; riboflavin: 0.06 mg/100g, 0.06 mg/100g, 0.04 mg/100g; niacin: 0.18 mg/100g, 0.22 mg/100g, 0.16 mg/100g. The Anova results showed significant differences (p<0.05) in the proximate, minerals and vitamins contents, and such could reflect the variation in the types of soil and water availability in the areas. Generally, Allanblackia floridunda leaves are good source of forage for livestock. Keywords: Nutritive contents, Allanblackia floribunda leaves, sylvopastoralism, southeastern agroecological zone

scholarly journals Seasonal and Temperature Dependent Variations in Proximate Parameters and Mineral Elements of Smoke-Dried Catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell, 1822) using Traditional and Eco-Friendly Kilns in Lagos, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-643
Author(s):  
M.M. Ogunbambo
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Mineral Compositions ◽  
Wet And Dry Seasons

Smoke-drying Clarias gariepinus (catfish) provides animal protein and a source of livelihood in Lagos, Nigeria. Changes occurring to seasonal and mineral compositions of smoke-dried catfish using local Traditional Drum Kiln (TDK) and a newly constructed Eco-Friendly Kiln (EFK) fitted with a flame, drying and electronic components was carried out in this study. The smoke-drying process was carried out in both wet and dry seasons and smoke-dried catfish samples stored at ambient and adjusted refrigerated temperatures of 28 and 4 0C. The smoke-drying procedure was  standardized at 60 - 80 0C and kiln lasted 24 ± 3 hours. Moisture content results showed a significant difference when the catfish samples were smoke-dried using TDK and EFK and stored in ambient and controlled temperatures in both wet and dry seasons while crude protein, lipid, ash and crude fibre values were significantly different when stored only in dry season. Mineral elements phosphorus, sodium, copper, magnesium and iron showed a significant difference when stored at both temperatures and seasons using both kilns. Mineral elements were found to be most stable in smoke-dried catfish samples when stored at controlled temperatures. This work proved that standardizing smoke-drying process using both kilns resulted in good quality smoke-dried catfish but showed that higher biochemical values were obtained when EFK is used. Key words: Nigeria, Smoke-drying Kilns, Seasons, Ambient, Controlled Temperatures

scholarly journals Chemical analysis of fodder climbers found in Sunsari district, Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
T. N. Mandal ◽  
T. P. Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Local Information ◽  
Slight Variation ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Mineral Contents

Altogether 19 fodder climbers were collected with local information for their quality, feeding season and preference by livestock from Sunsari district, Nepal. Fodder climbers were distributed under 15 angiospermic families. Among them, 6 climber species were analyzed for dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, crude fibre, N-free extract, total ash and mineral contents (K, Ca, and P). Dry matter content ranged from 24.12 to 45.43%. Crude protein content showed slight variation. Ether extract ranged from 2.13- 4.23%, while Crude fiber content ranged between 18.62 and 22.52%. N-free extract showed narrow variation in the content while Total ash content exhibited a wide variation ranging from 5.67 to 11.52%. Among the minerals, Phosphorus showed distinct variation in the content from 0.19 to 0.46%. Fodder quality assessed by local people was compared with the result of chemical composition. On the basis of local information and chemical composition, Hedera nepalensis and Hedyotis scandens were considered as very good fodder climbers.

scholarly journals Mineral content of different bottled water available in Bangladesh: Assessment of their compliance with current regulations

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Arifur Rahman ◽  
Md Abdus Salam ◽  
Abdus Salam ◽  
Madhusudan Roy ◽  
Nargis Jahan Ara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Council Directive ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
The University

Nine bottled water brands collected from retail shops and food shops beside the University of Dhaka were analyzed for their major and trace element constituents to ascertain their suitability for human consumption. The results obtained were compared with parametric values (PVs) set by European Community Council Directive 98/83/EC and the guideline values (GVs) recommended by WHO. It was found that the majority of the brands tested were low in mineral contents. Moreover, lower values of hardness, TDS and conductivity than the prescribed limits of WHO showed that water was deficient in essential minerals. Minerals like magnesium, potassium, calcium were present in some cases in such a low concentration that water seemed to be as good as distilled water. In case of heavy metals, only lead and cadmium were found to be below the detection limit (0.001 mg/L) which indicates bottled water brands are better for drinking. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jasbs.v38i1.15316 J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 38(1): 7-15, June 2012

scholarly journals Influence of lucerne and meadow hay quality on the digestibility of nutrients in the roe deer

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 74-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sommer ◽  
M. Vodňanský ◽  
P. Petrikovič ◽  
R. Požgaj
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Significant Difference

It was confirmed in metabolic experiments with 4 individuals of roe deer (2 males and 2 females with the live weight of 20.8 and 17.9 kg, respectively) that due to the animals&rsquo; selective choice of a part of feeds there was no significant difference in the intake of lucerne hay of different quality and high-quality meadow hay (515.86 &plusmn; 66.97 and 597.82 &plusmn; 94.87 g, respectively). However, different quality of lucerne hay influenced the animals&rsquo; intake of crude protein and crude fibre. When the animals were fed meadow hay, they took in significantly less crude protein and fibre and significantly more nitrogen-free extract, fat and ash. Digestibility of crude protein was observed to be significantly decreased in hay of lower quality (by 10.1%). Digestibility coefficients for crude protein, crude fibre, organic matter and fat were significantly lower in grass hay compared to lucerne hay. Based on the coefficients of nutrient digestibility it can be stated that meadow hay, even if of excellent quality, is not a suitable supplement for the roe deer. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Cadmium, Cobalt, Lead and Zinc Levels in Soil and Edible Vegetables in Yala Urban Area of Cross River State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 835-838
Author(s):  
M.A. Akpe ◽  
P.U. Ubua ◽  
I.B. Onyebuenyi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chemistry Laboratory ◽  
Average Level ◽  
Cross River ◽  
Cross River State ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dry Seasons

The average level of cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in the soil and edible vegetables samples collected randomly in Yala Urban Area of Cross River State was determined using flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. The samples were digested and analyzed for the metals level or concentration in Chemistry Laboratory, University of Calabar. The eight vegetables selected for the study were Amaranthus spp., Corchorusolitorius, Murraya koenigii, Ocimum grattissimum, Solanum melongena, Talinum triangulare, Telferia occidentalis and Vernonia amygdalina. The results indicated that the average level of the metals in the soil in mgkg-1 ranged from (0.005-0.021) and (0.004-0.019) in rainy and dry seasons respectively for Cadmium, (0.162- 0.475) and (0.163- 0.472) in rainy and dry season respectively for Cobalt, and (0.434-1.030) and (0.432-1.027) in rainy and dry season respectively for Zinc. Also, the average level of the metals accumulated by the vegetables in mgkg-1 ranged from (0.002-0.009) and (0.001- 0.007) in rainy and dry season respectively for Cadmium, (0.050-0.198) and (0.048-0.195) in rainy and dry season respectively for Cobalt, and (0.158-0.383) and (0.156-0.380) in rainy and dry season respectively for Zinc. The level of Lead in the soil or vegetables was not detected. The average level of metals accumulated by the vegetables and that present in the soil was in the order: Zinc > Cobalt > Cadmium > Lead. These results revealed that there is no significant difference between the level of metals in the soil or that accumulated by the vegetables in rainy and dry seasons of the year. Also the level of metals accumulated by most of the vegetables was directly proportional to the amount present in the soil where they are planted. The Target Hazard Quotients of these metals was less than 1. These results imply that the concentration of Cadmium, Cobalt, Zinc and Lead in the soil and vegetables were still low and within the permissible limits of World Health Organization. Thus, the consumption of the vegetables in the area may not pose any health risk for now. Keywords: Heavy metals, Concentration, Soil, Edible vegetables.

scholarly journals Development of Buckwheat Cookies Supplemented with Wheat Flour

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
Nisar Hussain ◽  
Javid Ullah ◽  
Ehsan Elahi ◽  
Sajjad Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Zakaria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Fibre Content ◽  
Composite Flour ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Overall Acceptability ◽  
C 50 ◽  
Crude Fibre Content ◽  
Buckwheat Flour

The present study was conducted to develop buckwheat cookies supplemented with wheat flour.Buckwheat and wheat flour were examined for their proximate composition. Buckwheat flour contained11.6% moisture, 15.79% crude protein, 1.81% crude fat, 1.83% ash, 0.70% crude fibre content and 68.27%NFE, while wheat flour contained moisture content 13.12%, crude fibre content 1.93%, crude fat 1.42%,crude protein content 12.53%, ash content 1.57% and 69.43% NFE, respectively. Wheat flour was incor-porated into buckwheat flour at 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% ratio to make composite flour and the developedcookies were analysed for quality evaluation. Supplementation of wheat flour significantly influenced theproximate and mineral composition of buckwheat flour based cookies. Moisture contents, crude fibrecontents and NFE (Nitrogen Free Extract) increased, whereas crude fat, crude protein and ash contentsdecreased. Mineral contents (Fe, Ca, K, Zn and Mg) of developed buckwheat cookies decreased withincrease in wheat flour supplementation levels. Sensory characteristics of supplemented cookies increasedwith increase in supplementation levels of wheat flour and were acceptable by judges in terms of test,colour, texture and overall acceptability. Cookies developed from C 50% C supplementation level of wheatflour got maximum scored points while C0 control C0 was found to be more nutritious and gluten freehaving more crude protein and mineral contents when compared to supplemented cookies.

scholarly journals Proximate Composition and Mineral Content of Grasshoppermeal as an Alternative to Fishmeal for Fish Feed Production

2021 ◽  
pp. 72-75
Author(s):  
I. G. Olaleye ◽  
P. E. Asuquo
Keyword(s):  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

The purpose of this study is to determine the proximate composition and mineral content of grasshopper meal as an alternative feedstuff of animal source to substitute fishmeal in the production of fish feed. Grasshoppers were gotten from the market irrespective of size, they were de-winged and processed into powder. The biochemical content (proximate composition and mineral content) were analyzed. The proximate composition of edible grasshopper meal was assessed using A.O.A.C standard. The result obtained were 64.51%, 5.1%, 94.9%, 1.0%, 5.49%, 17.0% and 12% for crude protein content, moisture content, dry matter, ash, nitrogen free extract, crude fibre and ether extract respectively. The essential mineral content of grasshopper meal was also assessed and the result obtained were 0.55%, 0.12%, 0.1%, and 0.73% for calcium, phosphorus, sodium and potassium respective. The quality of nutrients and mineral composition of grasshopper meal makes it a good dietary supplement for fish and could be used in fish feed production.

NUTRITIONAL POTENTIAL OF CASSAVA PEELS ENSILED WITH MORINGA, GLIRICIDIA AND LEUCAENA LEAVES

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 762-766
Author(s):  
Amoka Pius
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Tannin Content ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Ruminant Animals ◽  
Supplementary Feed ◽  
Cassava Peels ◽  
Phytic Phosphorus

The experiment was conducted to assess the proximate composition, mineral content, gross energy and antinutrients of cassava peels ensiled with Moringa, Gliricidia and Leucaena leaves. The crude protein for cassava peels ensiled with Moringaoleifera (CMO) was 20.32g100g-1, cassava peels ensiled with Leucaenaleucocepphala(CLL) was 23.17g100g-1 and cassava peels ensiled with Gliricidiasepium (CGS) was 22.23g100g-1.  Ether extract values were 4.02g100g-1, 3.56g100g-1 and 3.20g100g-1 for CMO,CLL and CGS respectively. Ash content for cassava peels ensiled with Moringa, Leucaena and Gliricidiawere 4.26g100g-1, 3.80g100g-1 and 4.20g100g-1 respectively. The crude fibre ranged from 12.03g100g-1 in CLL to 12.56g100g-1 in CGS. In cassava peels ensiled with Moringa, Leucaena and Gliricidia leaves Na, K, Ca, Zn were the most abundant minerals in all the treatments.The tannin content varied from 0.20g100g-1 in CMO to 0.45g100g-1 in CGS. The phytic acid ranged from 10.12g100g-1 in CMO to 14.76g100g-1 in CGS. The phytic-phosphorus ranged from 2.85g100g-1 in CMO to 4.16gg100g-1 in CGS. The oxalate contents were 2.85g100g-1, 3.52g100g-1 and 4.16g100g-1 in CMO, CLL and CGS respectively. It is evident that cassava peels ensiled with Moringa, Leucaena and Gliricidia have great potentials for livestock animals and could be utilized as a source of supplementary feed for ruminant animals.

Estimation of Nutritional and Mineral Contents of Eleusine coracana and Echinochloa frumentacea – Two Edible Wild Crops of India

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-366
Author(s):  
Subhash Chandra ◽  
Sarla Saklani ◽  
Ruchi B. Semwal ◽  
Deepak K. Semwal
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Eleusine Coracana ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Mineral Profile ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Aoac Method ◽  
Echinochloa Frumentacea

Background: Barnyard millet is rich in protein, iron, calcium, phosphorus, fibre and vitamin content whereas finger millet is used in regular food and considered to be more nutritious than rice. Objective: The aim of this research was to develop new food supplements with potential pharmacological activity from readily accessed natural products. Methods: In the present study, we investigated the nutritional and mineral profile of the extracts of Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn. and Echinochloa frumentacea Link seeds. The extraction process involved fractionation with various solvents whereas the estimation of nutrients and minerals was done using AOAC method and ICPMS techniques. Results: The levels of crude protein, carbohydrates, crude fibre and ash content in E. coracana seeds were found to 7.30%, 68.10%, 3.60% and 8.50%, respectively whereas 2.87%, 80.93%, 5.80% and 5.30%, respectively were measured in the seeds of E. frumentacea. Conclusion: The seeds of E. coracana and E. frumentacea were found as highly medicinal and nutritional due to the presence of vitamins, minerals and other needful nutrients.

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