scholarly journals Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity and Polyphenolic Content of Commonly Consumed Egg Plant Varieties and Spinach Varieties in Sri Lanka

2020 ◽  
pp. 70-79
Author(s):  
H. A. C. O. Hettiarachchi ◽  
K. D. P. P. Gunathilake ◽  
Sharmila Jayatilake
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Dpph Radical ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Polyphenolic Content ◽  
Egg Plant

Aims: To evaluate the antioxidant capacity and the polyphenolic content of commonly consumed egg plant varieties and spinach varieties in Sri Lanka, in order to screen the potential for utilizing them in developing of functional food products. Study Design: Complete randomized design was performed. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Livestock, Fisheries & Nutrition, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, between September 2020 and October 2020. Methodology: Locally available, commonly consumed eggplant varieties Solanum torvum, Solanum macrocarpon, Solanum melongena BW 11, Solanum melongena and two spinach varieties Basella alba and Talinum paniculatum were collected, freeze dried & powdered. Methanolic extracts were prepared using 80% methanol.Total Antioxidant capacity (TAC), DPPH radical scavenging activity, Reducing power assay, Total Phenolic Content (TPC) and Total Flavonoid Content of fresh methanolic extracts were measured. Results: S. torvum, S. macrocarpon, S. melongena BW 11, S. melongena showed more or less similar but remarkable DPPH radical inhibition activity ranging from 92.49 to 93.02%. TAC results of tested eggplant varieties ranged from 3.02to 8.98 mg AAE / g dw. From the two tested spinach varieties B. alba leaf extract had higher antioxidant activity but lower flavonoid content than T. paniculatum leaf extract. TPC of methanolic extractions of all tested vegetable sample was within the range of 2.49 to 670.00 µg GAE / g dw. There was a significant difference between the recorded TPC for all the tested samples and S. macrocarpon and two varieties of S. melongena showed much lower TPC when compared to TPC of S. torvum. Conclusion: These are considerable sources of polyphenols and are having a remarkable antioxidant activity. The potential of them to be utilized in functional food industry is high and yet to be investigated.

Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Content, Antioxidant Activity of Talaromyces funiculosus Strains

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 48-57
Author(s):  
S.O. Syrchin ◽  
◽  
О.M. Yurieva ◽  
L.T. Nakonechna ◽  
F.V. Muchnyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Phenols ◽  
Moderate Correlation ◽  
Dpph Radical ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

Microscopic fungi synthesize a wide range of phenolic compounds that play an important role in cell wall formation, as well as perform signaling and protective functions. One of the important functions of phenolic compounds, primarily polyphenols, is antioxidant activity. The most active polyphenols are flavonoids, their synthesis in microscopic fungi has not been studied enough. The aim of the study was to determine the total phenols and flavonoids content and antioxidant activity of Talaromyces funiculosus strains isolated from different econiches. Methods. 20 strains of the microscopic fungus T. funiculosus – 10 endophytes and 10 saprotrophs were used in the experiments. Cultivation of filamentous fungi was performed under submerged conditions with shaking at 210–230 rpm in Erlenmeyer flasks containing 200 ml of Czapek liquid medium at a temperature 26±2°C for 6 days. The biomass of the strains was filtered, dried at 70°C and extracted with 95% methanol (1:50 w/v). The total phenols content was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent by the method of Arora, Chandra (2010) with some modifications and expressed as mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE) per g of dry weight mycelium. Flavonoids in each extract were determined spectrophotometrically with AlCl3 and expressed as mg of quercetin equivalents (QE) per g of dry weight mycelium. Antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts was measured as radical scavenging activity by the percentage inhibition of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. Results. The total phenolic content of methanolic extracts of T. funiculosus strains ranged from 0.12±0.007 to 1.97±0.150 mg GAE/g. The highest level of phenolic compounds was found for saprotroph UCM F-16790 (1.97±0.150) and endophyte UCM F-16795 (1.71±0.137 mg GAE/g). The flavonoid content in methanolic extracts of the studied strains varied in the range of 0.02±0.001–0.39±0.041 mg QE/g. All studied strains of T. funiculosus showed antioxidant activity against DPPH radical, which was 12.19±2.34–60.37±7.24% inhibition. Statistical analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between the total phenols and flavonoids content (Pearson’s correlation coefficient r=0.92); between antioxidant activity, phenols (r=0.82) and flavonoids (r=0.81) content in methanol extracts of T. funiculosus strains. The total content of phenols and flavonoids and antioxidant activity did not depend on the trophic group of the studied strains. The moderate correlation between flavonoids content and antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts of endophytic T. funiculosus strains (r=0.46) may be related to their ability to synthesize a wider range of polyphenolic compounds with antioxidant activity. Conclusions. The studied T. funiculosus strains have the ability to synthesize phenolic compounds and flavonoids in different concentrations. Correlation analysis revealed strong correlations between total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity. The reason for phenomenon of moderate correlation (r=0.46) between flavonoid content and antioxidant activity in endophytic strains may be the synthesis of other compounds by individual strains. The determination of individual components synthesized by the most active strains is of scientific interest for further study. T. funiculosus UСM F-16795 and UСM F-16790 strains had a quite high level of phenols and flavonoids. Obtained data may be promising for the search for phenolic compounds with antioxidant properties to increase plant resistance to negative impacts of environmental stress factors.

Uşak İli’nden Toplanan Taxus Baccata (L) Türünün Metanol Ekstresinin Yaprak, Dal ve Meyvesinde Biyolojik Aktivitenin Belirlenmesi

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 1533
Author(s):  
Yasemin Karafakıoglu
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Taxus Baccata ◽  
Dpph Radical ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Different Parts

Taxus species in different parts of the world prevent the formation of hepatoprotective, anticoagulant, antiulcerogenic, anti-coagulant, antifungal and tumour cells. In this study, biological activity studies were performed on the leaves, branches and fruits of the methanol extract of Taxus baccata L. species collected from Sivaslı district of Uşak province. The methanol extract of the T.baccata species, the total amount of phenolic content of the sample was found to be 14.76 mg GAEQ/1g dry sample in the highest leaves. In T.baccata methanol extract, the maximum amount of flavonoid content was 0.468±mg QE/g dry sample. Antioxidant activity value as DPPH radical; % inhibition value was found as 93.21%. Based on the results; It can be concluded that the leaves of T.baccata have higher antioxidant activity than fruits and branches. Future studies need to explore the chemical components contained in the T.baccata species to determine and investigate in further detail.

scholarly journals Antifungal and Antioxidant Potential of Methanolic Extracts from Acorus calamus L., Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck, Lemna minuta Kunth and Scenedesmus dimorphus (Turpin) Kützing

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4745
Author(s):  
Toncho Dinev ◽  
Milena Tzanova ◽  
Katya Velichkova ◽  
Diyana Dermendzhieva ◽  
Georgi Beev
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Acorus Calamus ◽  
Total Flavonoid Content ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Scenedesmus Dimorphus

Plant extracts are an important alternative to antibiotics, which are ever more restricted because of their developing microbial resistance and some adverse effects that have been observed following frequent application. The aim of the present study was to determine the antifungal and antioxidant activity of the methanolic extracts of Acorus calamus, Chlorella vulgaris, Lemna minuta and Scenedesmus dimorphus. The antifungal activity of the extracts against strains of Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus carbonarius, Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillium chrysogenum and Alternaria alternata was evaluated via the agar well diffusion method. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was measured through the determination of three parameters—total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and radical scavenging potential (determined through UV/Vis analysis). A. calamus extracts had the highest antimicrobial activity against eight fungal strains, followed by the C. vulgaris, L. minuta and S. dimorphus extracts, which were inhibitory against two to three strains. Among the extracts from the species studied, the extract from S. dimorphus showed the highest antioxidant potential, as determined via the DPPH (1,1’-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil-radical) method. This correlated to its high total phenolic and flavonoid content. From A. calamus and L. minuta, methanolic extracts were obtained that exhibited similar values of the aforementioned parameters, followed by C. vulgaris extracts, which showed the lowest antioxidant activity. Based on the Pearson correlation coefficients, the impacts of the total phenolic content and the total flavonoid content on radical scavenging capacity are similar, and flavonoids were a significant part of the total phenolic compounds extracted from the plant materials studied.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Activity and Polyphenolic Profile of Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Green Husks and Liqueurs

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
Dijana Kulačanin ◽  
Sandra Bijelić ◽  
Jovana Šućur ◽  
Borivoje Bogdanović ◽  
Sezai Ercisli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Cultivar Selection ◽  
Polyphenolic Content ◽  
Polyphenolic Profile ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Time Point

SummaryThe beneficial effects of walnuts and walnut products on human health, due primarily to their rich polyphenolic content, have been appreciated as an empirical fact for centuries. The purpose of this study is to determine the polyphenolic contents of liqueurs made from the walnut selections ‘Rasna’ and ‘Sava’ and the walnut cultivar ‘Šampion’ (all harvested at three different times), as well as the polyphenolic contents of their green husks. The walnut liqueurs were prepared according to two traditional recipes using young walnut fruits. The highest antioxidant capacity was recorded in the liqueur made from the ‘Rasna’ walnut selection (89.94%), whereas the highest contents of phenols (83.28 mg GAE/g FW), flavonoids (0.83 mg QE/g FW) and proanthocyanidins were found in the liqueur made from the ‘Šampion’ cultivar (14.75 mg CE/g FW). The youngest ‘Rasna’ walnuts, harvested at the first experimental time point, exhibited the highest phenolic and tannin contents, whereas the highest flavonoid content was observed in the ‘Šampion’ cultivar. The biochemical results obtained indicate a decrease in the polyphenolic content of walnut fruits with their growth and development. Moreover, the polyphenolic profiles of the walnut liqueurs considered were found to be greatly affected by the method of preparation and the cultivar/selection of walnuts.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antioxidant Potential of Stem and Leaf Extracts of Himalayan Tinospora cordifolia Hook.f. & Thomson

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-8
Author(s):  
Geetanjali Upadhyay ◽  
Lalit M. Tewari ◽  
Geeta Tewari ◽  
Neha Chopra ◽  
Naveen C. Pandey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
The Family ◽  
Stem Extract

Background: Medicinal plants are considered a rich source of ingredients, which can be used in drug development and synthesis. Tinospora cordifolia (Wild.) Hook.f. & Thomson, commonly known as guduchi, heart-leaved moonseed and giloya is a herbaceous vine of the family Menispermaceae, has several beneficial properties including antioxidant activity. Aim: The present study was carried out to analyze the antioxidant activity of leaf and stem extracts of Tinospora cordifolia by using DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2´-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) free radical scavenging assays. Materials and Methods: Dried and powdered leaves and stem of T. cordifolia were extracted with methanol. Ascorbic acid was taken as standard. Total phenolic content was estimated by using Folin-ciocalteu's reagent while total flavonoid content by aluminium chloride reagent to find the correlation of polyphenols with antioxidant activity. ABTS assay of methanolic leaf and stem extracts showed the highest scavenging activity as compared to the DPPH assay. Results: Methanolic stem extract showed higher phenolic and flavonoid content along with antioxidant activity as compared to the methanolic leaf extract. Conclusion: The stem extract exhibited more antioxidant activity than the leaf extract with regards to the all parameters analyzed.

scholarly journals Antioxidant, allelopathic activities of leaf extracts and essential oil compositions of Acronychia pedunculata (L.) Miq.

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Thi Tuyen Phung ◽  
◽  
Minh Nguyet Ma ◽  
Thanh Ha Pham ◽  
Nhu Ngoc Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Total Polyphenol ◽  
Allelopathic Activity

This research aims to exploit total polyphenol, flavonoid contents, antioxidant and allelopathic activities of leaf extracts, and essential oil compositions from leaves of Acronychia pedunculata (L.) Miq. The results indicated that the leaf extract from ethanol 100% (E100) possessed a lower total polyphenol and flavonoid content than the extract from ethanol 70% (E70). In contrast, the antioxidant activity from E100 extract with IC50=612.9±12.9 μg/ml was stronger than that of E70 extract with IC50=1225.5±6.9 μg/ml. Regarding allelopathic activity, while the extracts from E100 and E70 inhibited root growth of radish, both extracts promoted root growth of lettuce. Especially, E100 extract with 3 mg/ml inhibited root growth of radish up to 48.1%. Moreover, using water solvents, the extracts reduced root growth of both the radish and lettuce. By GC-MS analyses, 33 compounds were identified from A. pedunculata essential oil. The major constituents were caryophyllene (47.09%), humulene (17.28%), α-copaene (4.98%), isoledene (3.59%), and (-)-α-panasinsen (3.51%), other compounds were accounted for lower 3%.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Activity, Total Phenols, Flavonoids and LCMS Profile of Chamaecrista hildebrandtii (Vatke) Lock and Clerodendrum rotundifolium (Oliv.)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Rechab S. Odhiambo ◽  
Patrick G. Kareru ◽  
Erastus K. Mwangi ◽  
Daniel W. Onyango
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Phenols ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types

Aims: The purpose of the study was to determine the antioxidant activity, quantify total phenols and total flavonoids and characterize the secondary metabolites present in methanolic extracts of Chamaecrista hildebrandtii and Clerodendrum rotundifolium using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Methodology: The total phenol and flavonoid contents were determined spectrophotometrically while the antioxidant activity was evaluated using the 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging method. The secondary metabolites present in the methanolic leaves extracts were evaluated using LC-MS. Results: The extracts of C. hildebrandtii showed a significantly higher antioxidant activity (IC50 = 8.7 mg/mL) compared to C. rotundifolium (IC50= 28.5 mg/mL). Both methanolic extracts of C. hildebrandtii and C. rotundifolium had common and different types of flavonoids such as quercetin, rutin, (+)-catechin 3-O-gallate and luteolin 6-C-glucoside among others that could be responsible for the observed antioxidant activity. The total phenolic content of C. hildebrandtii (1.33±0.07 mg/g tannic acid equivalents) was significantly higher than that of C. rotundifolium (0.25±0.00 mg/g tannic acid equivalents). However, there was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) in total flavonoid content of C. hildebrandtii (2.69±0.33 mg/g catechin equivalents) and C. rotundifolium (2.36±0.16 mg/g catechin equivalents). Conclusion: The results of the present study suggested that the good antioxidant activity exhibited by C. hildebrandtii may probably have been brought about by various secondary metabolites functioning in synergy.

scholarly journals HPTLC and FTIR Fingerprinting of Olive Leaves Extracts and ATR-FTIR Characterisation of Major Flavonoids and Polyphenolics

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (22) ◽  
pp. 6892
Author(s):  
Snezana Agatonovic-Kustrin ◽  
Vladimir Gegechkori ◽  
Dementyev Sergey Petrovich ◽  
Kobakhidze Tamara Ilinichna ◽  
David William Morton
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvent ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Olive Leaves ◽  
Polyphenolic Content ◽  
Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extracts

The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of spontaneous microbial maceration on the release and extraction of the flavonoids and phenolics from olive leaves. Bioprofiling based on thin-layer chromatography effect-directed detection followed by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy proved to be a reliable and convenient method for simultaneous comparison of the extracts. Results show that fermentation significantly enhances the extraction of phenolic compounds and flavonoids. The polyphenolic content was increased from 6.7 µg GAE (gallic acid equivalents) to 25.5 µg GAE, antioxidants from 10.3 µg GAE to 25.3 µg GAE, and flavonoid content from 42 µg RE (rutin equivalents) to 238 µg RE per 20 µL of extract. Increased antioxidant activity of fermented ethyl acetate extracts was attributed to the higher concentration of extracted flavonoids and phenolic terpenoids, while increased antioxidant activity in fermented ethanol extract was due to increased extraction of flavonoids as extraction of phenolic compounds was not improved. Lactic acid that is released during fermentation and glycine present in the olive leaves form a natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) with significantly increased solubility for flavonoids.

scholarly journals In-vitro and In-vivo Antioxidant Activity of Ethanol Leaf Extract of Justicia carnea

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-60
Author(s):  
Udedi Stanley Chidi ◽  
Ani Onuabuchi Nnenna ◽  
Asogwa Kingsley Kelechi ◽  
Maduji Fitzcharles Chijindu ◽  
Okafor Clinton Nebolisa
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Dpph Radical ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
In Vitro Antioxidant Activity

This study investigated the in-vitro antioxidant activity of ethanol leaf extract of Justicia carnea and its effect on antioxidant status of alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats. The in-vitro antioxidant activity was assayed by determining the total phenol, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, β-carotene and lycopene contents and by using 2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, reducing antioxidant power and inhibition of lipid peroxidation antioxidant systems. Oxidative stress was produced in rats by single intraperitoneal injection of 150 mg/kg alloxan and serum concentration of malonaldehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were determined. Five experimental groups of rats (n=6) were used for the study. Two groups of diabetic rats received oral daily doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg Justicia carnea leaf extract respectively while gilbenclamide (5 mg/ml); a standard diabetic drug was also given to a specific group for 14 days. From the result, the leaf extract contained a higher concentration of flavonoids followed byphenols, ascorbic acid, lycopene and β-carotene. The extract displayed more potent reducing power ability with EC50 of 40 µg/ml compared to BHA (EC50 of 400µg/ml). The percentage DPPH radical scavenging activity of the extract was also higher with EC50 of 200µg/ml and increased with increase in concentration while BHA had EC50of 320µg/ml. The inhibition of lipid peroxidation also increased with increase in concentration with EC50 of 58µg/ml and comparable with BHA (EC50=60µg/ml). The effect of the plant extract on antioxidant enzyme activities was concentration-dependent. Administration of 100mg/kg of the plant extract resulted in a significant decrease (p<0.05) in serum MDA concentration, while 200 mg/kg of the extract caused a significant (p˂0.05) increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities with a non-significant increase (p>0.05) in the serum level of MDA when compared with the diabetic untreated group. These findings suggest that ethanol leaf extract of Justicia carnea have antioxidant properties and could handle diabetes-induced oxidative stress.

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