scholarly journals Study on the Prevalence of Ectoparasitic Arthropods on Free Range Gallus domesticus in Two Communities in Awka

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
C. C. Nwadike ◽  
P. C. O. Ilozumba ◽  
C. J. Gaius
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Adult Chicken ◽  
Argas Persicus ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

A survey was carried out to determine the prevalence of ectoparasitic arthropods in free range domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus) in Amansea and Ifite communities, in Awka Capital Territory, Anambra state. A total of 112 G. domesticus comprising of 42 Adult males, 30 adult females and 40 juveniles were examined during a house to house survey for ectoparasitic arthropods. The study was carried out between June and September, 2014. The domestic fowl were caught in their roosting places at night and were examined for ectoparasitic arthropod infestation. 73.21% prevalence of ectoparasitic arthropods on the chicken was recorded. Male adult chicken had higher prevalence of ectoparasitic arthropods than adult females and juvenile chicken. Six species of ectoparasitic arthropods namely; Argas persicus (29.46%), Menopon gallinae (23.21%), Dermanysus gallinae (16.07%), Lipeurus caponis (12.5%), Echidnophaga gallinacea (10.71%) Goniocotes gallinae (5.36%) were recovered from infested chicken. Argas persicus with the prevalence (29.46%) was the most prevalent parasite species. Amansea community had a higher prevalence of ectoparasitic arthropods than Ifite community. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). In conclusion, the present study has provided information on the various ectoparasitic arthropods of domestic chicken in Amansea and Ifite communities. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of ectoparasitic arthropods between the two communities. Therefore, further study is needed to determine the impact of infestation on the health and productivity of these birds, and evaluation of cost benefit of various control strategies need to be investigated.

scholarly journals The Diet and Sexual Differences of the Caspian Bent-Toed Gecko,Tenuidactylus caspius(Squamata: Gekkonidae), in Northern Iran

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vida Hojati ◽  
Reza Babaei Savasari
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Widespread Distribution ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Prey Items

The Caspian bent-toed gecko,Tenuidactylus caspius, is one of the most common nocturnal lizards of Iran with widespread distribution especially in the northern provinces. This research was done in order to study the diet and sexual dimorphism of this species in Sari County from 5 May to 20 October. During this research, 40 specimens of them including 20 males and 20 females were studied for diet and 140 specimens including 70 adult males and 70 adult females were studied for sexual dimorphism. Prey items identified were insects that belong to 15 species of 8 families and 6 orders. The most common prey items wereCulex pipiensandMusca domestica. There is no significant difference between diets of males and females. Results show that the adult males in addition of having the apparent femoral and preanal pores are heavier than females and have larger body, head, and tail length.

scholarly journals PENGARUH SUHU PENETASAN TERHADAP FERTILITAS, MORTALITAS DAN DAYA TETAS TELUR AYAM KAMPUNG (Gallus domesticus) PADA INKUBATOR

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Yuni Mariani ◽  
M Ayatullah Hamzani
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Native Chicken ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Chicken Eggs

This study was intended to determine the best temperature for hatching free-range chicken eggs in the incubator so that breeders could get more day-old chicken (DOC) with the same diversity. The research design used a completely randomized design (CRD). This study used 150 free-range chicken eggs obtained from breeders in Gunung Paok Hamlet, Perian Village, Montong Gading District, East Lombok Regency, which were divided into three treatments, namely 35 ° C - 36 ° C, 37 ° C - 38 ° C and 39. ° C - 40 ° C and five repetitions with the number of eggs repeating using 10 free-range chicken eggs. The variables observed were fertility, mortality, and hatchability of native chicken eggs. Data analysis was performed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results of the analysis of variance showed that differences in the temperature of native chicken eggs in the incubator showed a significant difference (P> 0.05) in fertility, mortality, and hatchability. The best results were obtained at an incubation temperature of 37 ° C - 38 ° C with an average hatchability of 82,88± 8,87%.

Estimate of the population structure of the estern water dragon, Physignathus lesueurii (Reptilia : Agamidae), along riverside habitat

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 613 ◽  
Author(s):  
MB Thompson
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
First Year ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Size Growth ◽  
Theoretical Considerations

A population of eastern water dragons, Physignathus lesueurii, was investigated along 1.5km of the Gloucester River in central eastern New South Wales from November 1989 to December 1992. Dragons were caught in all months from September to April, but not in June. In all, 373 dragons were marked and 69 of these were recaptured on one or more occasions. Females are ovigarous in late October, November and December. Only about one third of females have palpable eggs during these months. Hatchlings enter the population in February and March at 4.5g, with a snout-vent length (SVL) of 53mm. In the next season they are 19.5g (SVL 80mm). The dragons grow rapidly for four years to reach adult size. Growth rates are fastest during the first year at 2.25mm SVL per month or 1.25 g per month. The Jolley-Seber population estimate for adult females was 103 +/-49 in the study site or 69 per km of river. Estimates for males and for the total population could not be calculated because individuals were not equally catchable (Leslie's test for equal catchability). However, theoretical considerations place the density of adult dragons at 138-215 per km of river. The largest male was 304mm SVL, 54mm longer than the next-largest water dragon reported. One male was heavier than 1000g. The largest female was 230mm SVL and the heaviest was 490g, or approximately half the mass of the heaviest male. Adult males and adult females have the same proportion of broken tails. Water dragons are fairly sedentary, with an average distance of 76m (range 0-785m) between captures.

scholarly journals Impact of Age and Gender on Bleeding Score in Type 1 VWD Using the ISTH-BAT

Blood ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 124 (21) ◽  
pp. 1510-1510
Author(s):  
Pamela A Christopherson ◽  
Veronica H Flood ◽  
Kenneth D. Friedman ◽  
Joan Cox Gill ◽  
Sandra L Haberichter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Adolescent Males ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Bleeding Score ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Abstract The ISTH Bleeding Assessment Tool (ISTH-BAT) was introduced in 2010 to improve on the earlier BATs and in particular to have greater accuracy in the pediatric and female population by including additional questions for neonatal bleeding and menorrhagia. The recently published cut off for positive or abnormal bleeding score (BS) is ≥ 4 in adult males, ≥ 6 in adult females and ≥ 3 in children. Here we examine the use of the ISTH-BAT in type 1 VWD and its ability to better characterize bleeding in females and children as well as the impact of menorrhagia on bleeding scores in females during aging. We analyzed 323 Index Cases (IC) and 482 Affected Family Members (AFM) enrolled in the Zimmerman Program for the Molecular and Clinical Biology of VWD (ZPMCB-VWD) with a phenotypic diagnosis of type 1 (including type 1, type 1C, type 1-severe, and low VWF). Bleeding symptoms were quantified using three different scoring systems (MCMDM-1, PBQ and ISTH-BAT), however the BS results in this analysis focus on the ISTH-BAT. Subjects were categorized by the following age groups: infant (0-2), child (3-12), adolescent (13-17), young adult (18-35), middle age (36-55), older adult (>55). Mean BS were slightly higher in both infant and child-aged males (4.5 and 4.6) compared to females (1.8 and 4.4), but the difference is not significant (p= 0.2828 and 0.5455). Higher bleeding scores in infant males were due in part to neonatal bleeding score from circumcision (13.6% of neonatal cases). The most reported bleeding symptoms in infant and child-aged males were cutaneous bleeding (61.0%), epistaxis (52.5%) and oral bleeding (25.4%). Females of this age group also presented with similar symptoms of cutaneous bleeding (64.4%), epistaxis (54.2%) and oral bleeding (30.5%). Surprisingly, there was no significant difference in total BS between adolescent males and females (mean 5.0 and 5.65, p= 0.4607). The frequency of reported bleeding symptoms in adolescent males was due to epistaxis (69.6%), cutaneous bleeding (43.5%), and minor wound bleeding (39.1%), while adolescent females reported menorrhagia (80.3%), cutaneous bleeding (65.6%), minor wound bleeding (64.4%) and epistaxis (32.8%). Bleeding symptoms reported by adults (≥18) varied by gender with males most often reporting cutaneous bleeding (50.0%), epistaxis (42.9%), oral bleeding (42.9%) and surgery (39.3%), whereas females suffered from menorrhagia (85.9%), cutaneous bleeding (80.4%), epistaxis (42.4%), minor wound bleeding (38.0%), and bleeding following tooth extractions (34.8%). Female IC (n=212) and AFM (n=280) both showed a gradual increase of BS over time (2.8 and 1.2 points per decade) whereas the BS is relatively flat over time for male IC and AFM. Analysis of female unaffected family members (n=759) showed a similar increase of BS with age (1 point per decade). To show the contribution of female specific bleeding to the overall score, we calculated a modified BS removing the menorrhagia and postpartum subscores. Interestingly, the modified BS also increased over time suggesting that other bleeding symptoms contribute to female bleeding as they age. In summary, we have shown the utility of the ISTH-BAT to characterize the bleeding in our type 1 VWD, particularly in infants and females. Infant and child-aged subjects with type 1 VWD do not show any significant difference in BS between males and females and they report similar bleeding symptoms of cutaneous bleeding, epistaxis and oral bleeding. While adolescent males and females have similar total BS, their type of bleeding symptoms vary. The BS in adult females continues to increase with age, however menorrhagia and postpartum bleeding are not the only the contributors, suggesting that there are other bleeding symptoms that account for the gradual increase of BS in females over time. Disclosures Friedman: Alexion: Speakers Bureau; Octapharma: Consultancy; Biogen Idec: Consultancy; CSL Behring: Consultancy.

Antennoseius (Vitzthumia) janus n.sp. (Acari: Ascidae), a mesostigmatic mite exhibiting adult female dimorphism

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 1291-1310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evert E. Lindquist ◽  
David Evans Walter
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Generation Time ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
As Species ◽  
Single Animal ◽  
The Impact

All instars of Antennoseius janus n.sp are described. Adult females occur as two distinct morphs, a nondispersing female with granular soft integument, barbed dorsal setae, emarginated opisthonotal shield, and fully developed sternal shield, and a dispersing female with smooth soft integument, nearly smooth dorsal setae, entire opisthonotal shield, and reduced sternal shield. Granular morph females begin egg production within 3 days of mating; however, smooth morph females delay reproduction for many weeks, apparently to disperse. Adult males and immatures have a granular soft integument and barbed setae similar to the granular morph females. Females produced in single animal or low density cultures (less than six individuals per culture) with excess food are granular morphs, whereas in more crowded cultures 5–100% of the maturing females are smooth morphs. This is the first example of adult female dimorphism confirmed experimentally for any family of mites in the entire order Mesostigmata of the Acari. The impact of this phenomenon on taxonomic concepts in the genus Antennoseius is discussed. A key is included, which distinguishes between the genera Anystipalpus Berlese, 1911 and Antennoseius Berlese, 1916, between the subgenera Antennoseius s.str. and Vitzthumia Thor, 1930, and between the seven forms of Vitzthumia currently regarded as species. All instars of A. janus are voracious predators of nematodes and small arthropods. Development from egg to adult takes 9–11 days on a diet of rhabditid nematodes at 23 °C. Generation time for granular morph females is about 14 days. Females require insemination before eggs can be laid, and the sex ratio is about 1 male: 1.3 females.

scholarly journals Impact of botfly parasitism on Microtus townsendii populations

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 1683-1692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudy Boonstra ◽  
Charles J. Krebs ◽  
Terry D. Beacham
Keyword(s):  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Breeding Condition ◽  
Survival Differences ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Large Adult ◽  
Microtus Townsendii ◽  
Better Than

The impact of botfly (Cuterebra grisea) parasitism on populations of Microtus townsendii was studied on four areas near Vancouver, British Columbia, from 1971 to 1978. Botfly larvae were found in voles during the period from late June to late November, with a peak occurring from mid-August to mid-September. There was a significant negative relationship between vole density and the proportion of the population infested. The percentage of voles infested changed in the following manner in the three weight classes: juveniles (18.5%) > adults (16.5%) > subadults (13.0%), with the sexes showing no differences between them. Overall, noninfested voles always survived better than infested ones did in the three classes. In both adults and juveniles, survival declined as botfly larvae number increased; subadults did not show this relationship. Infested adult male voles survived more poorly at high densities (r = 0.62); adult females did not. Infested large adult males (≥ 55 g) survived better than small adults did (40–54 g), but the two size classes in females showed no survival differences. Infested adult voles had significantly lower rates of reproduction: 8% fewer males were in breeding condition, 10% fewer females were lactating, and 4% fewer females were pregnant. Parasitism significantly depressed growth rates in all weight classes above 40 g. We conclude that botflies had a significant detrimental influence on vole survival, reproduction, and growth.

Profilicollis botulus (Acanthocephala) abundance in the eider duck (Somateria mollissima) on the Ythan estuary, Aberdeenshire

Parasitology ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 563-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Somateria Mollissima ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Shore Line ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Almost All

SUMMARYThe abundance of Profilicollis botulus was monitored in eider ducks for 3 years. No significant difference in P. botulus abundance was found between eiders taken alive and those collected dead from the shore line, or between adult males and adult females. Adult male eiders had a seasonal pattern of infection. Incubating female eiders lost their infection in almost all cases, suggesting that a seasonal pattern of infection must also occur in these birds. Eiders in their first winter had P. botulus abundances which were approximately 10 times that of adult eiders, but by the following summer the abundance had declined to that found in adults. Data are compared with previous studies undertaken on the Ythan estuary. Captive eiders were used to determine the developmental rate of female P. botulus and the percentage of administered cystacanths which established in the intestine. There was no evidence to suggest that male and female P. botulus have different life–spans.

Captures, Body Mass and Diet of Platypuses in a Subalpine Tasmanian Lake.

1998 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 311
Author(s):  
S.A. Munks ◽  
H.M. Otley ◽  
J. Jackson ◽  
M. Hindell
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Catch Per Unit Effort ◽  
Doubly Labelled Water ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Unit Effort ◽  
Significant Difference

Studies into the ecology of the platypus have concentrated on populations inhabiting !otic waters on mainland Australia. This paper presents preliminary results of a study into the feeding ecology and energetics of the platypus in a subalpine lake in Tasmania. During the autumn, winter and early spring months 29 individual platypuses were captured (13 adult females, 13 adult males and 3 juveniles). Of these, 46% of the adult males, 31% of the adult females and one of the juveniles were recaptured between one and eight times. Catch per unit effort was similar for the 1800-2400hrs, 0600-1200hrs and 1200-1800hrs time periods (0.158, 0.161 and 0.156, respectively). However catch per unit effort was low (0.057) between 2400hr and 0600hrs. There was no significant difference in the mean body mass of adult males and females between autumn, winter and early spring, however the condition of the females, indicated by the tail fat index, decreased in early spring. The overall mean body mass for adult males and adult females caught during the autumn/winter and early spring months was 2293.21g ± 300 (1920-2740g) and 1375.22g ± 147 (1150-1580g), respectively. This supports the observation that platypuses in Tasmania are larger than those occurring in mainland water bodies. The timing of juvenile captures suggests that matings occur at Lake Lea between mid September through to January. This indicates that the breeding season may be later in Tasmania than on the mainland. The contents of cheek pouches were collected from individuals caught during the autumn, winter and early spring months for identification of food items. Food items identified so far include Trichoptera, Gastropod molluscs, Ephemeroptera nymphs, Coleoptera larvae and Diptera, with Trichoptera forming the dominant food item. Measurements of the daily energy expenditure of six adults were attempted during late winter and early spring using the doubly labelled water technique.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Effect of Resistance Exercise and Donepezil on Some Neurotrophin-Induced Changes in Gene Expression and Trk Receptors in the Hippocampus of Rats with Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gholamhasan Jafarzadeh ◽  
Asieh Sadat Mousavian ◽  
Saeid Shakerian
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Intraventricular Injection ◽  
Trk Receptors ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of resistance exercise and donepezil on some neurotrophins gene expression and Trk receptors in the hippocampus of rats with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods: In this study, 32 male adult Wistar rats (mean weight: 230 - 280 g) were assigned into two groups of AD and control. The control and AD groups received normal saline and streptozotocin (STZ) through intraventricular injection, respectively. Then, six subgroups were considered: (1) control rest (Con); (2) control exercise (Con-Exe); (3) Alzheimer’s rest (Alz); (4) Alzheimer’s exercise (Alz-Exe); (5) Alzheimer’s donepezil (Alz-Don); and (6) Alzheimer’s donepezil-exercise (Alz-Don-Exe). Donepezil was fed daily at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg to the treated groups. The three subgroups of exercising rats received exercises for eight weeks (three times a week). Each day, the resting groups were managed to decrease stress impacts. Twenty-four hours after the last session of exercise by the eighth week, deep anesthesia was applied, and the rats' heads were severed. Results: Considering an error rate below 5% (P < 0.05) and a confidence of more than 95%, a significant difference was observed in BDNF, NT3, NGF, TrkA, and TrkB values between exercising and donepezil-exercise rats compared to AD group. These values were considerably greater for donepezil-exercising Alzheimer’s group. Besides, the donepezil group was not significantly different from the Alzheimer’s group. Conclusions: Although the use of donepezil alone did not significantly increase the expression of the studied genes, the concomitant use of the drug and resistance training significantly increased the expression levels.

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