scholarly journals Doxorubicin-Induced Cardio Toxicity in Albino Rats Protected by Adansonia Digitata (Baobab) Leaf Extract

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-22
Author(s):  
Akintola Adebola Olayemi ◽  
Kehinde Busuyi David ◽  
Saka Waheed Adeoye ◽  
Oyewande Esther Ajoke ◽  
Ayandiran Tolulope Akinpelu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Myocardial Damage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Adansonia Digitata ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Doxorubicin Group ◽  
Myocardial Infection

Cardiovascular disease is the world's leading cause of death, killing 17 to 19 million people each year. The usage of traditional drugs was influenced by the need for effective medications for the treatment of cardiovascular disease without side effects. The current study investigated the cardio-protective effects of Adansonia digitata leaf extract on doxorubicin-mediated cardiotoxicity in laboratory rats. Thirty-five albino rats were divided into five groups, each consisting of seven rats. Group 1 was given filtered water as a control, while Group 2 was given saline and doxorubicin, Group 3 received doxorubicin and Vitamin E, and Groups IV and V were myocardial oxidative animals treated with Adansonia digitata leaf extract (150 and 300 mg/kg/wt) for two weeks. After the rats were sacrificed, their hearts were collected and homogenized for biochemical assays. The results on the activities of creatinine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate amino transferase (AST), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde were determined. Histopathology examination was used in addition to assays to validate myocardial damage. In comparison to the control group, rats provided doxorubicin showed a significant increase in the activities of cardiac marker enzymes (CK, LDH, and AST), as well as a significant increase in malondialdehyde concentration with a concomitant decrease in antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and NOS), implying cardiotoxicity. In rats with doxorubicin-induced myocardial infection, pretreatment with Adansonia digitata leaf extract reduced myocardial damage, these biochemical results were confirmed by histopathology. Finally, the new study demonstrates that Adansonia digitata has cardioprotective properties.

Protective role of silymarin and D-penicillamine against lead-induced liver toxicity and oxidative stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 512-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyedeh Missagh Jalali ◽  
Hossein Najafzadeh ◽  
Sadegh Bahmei
Keyword(s):  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Antioxidant Defence ◽  
Antioxidant Defence System ◽  
Pb Exposure ◽  
Group 2

This study was performed to assess hepatotoxicity and alterations in liver antioxidant defence in acute lead (Pb) exposure and the protective effects of silymarin in comparison to D-penicillamine in rats. Forty eight Albino rats were divided in eight groups and received the following treatments in a 10-day experiment – group 1: normal saline as control; group 2: 25-mg/kg Pb acetate, intraperitoneally (IP) for the last 5 days; group 3: 100-mg/kg D-penicillamine, IP for the last 5 days; group 4: 200-mg/kg silymarin, orally for 10 days; and groups 5, 6, 7 and 8: in addition to Pb, they received D-penicillamine, for the last 5 days, silymarin for 10 days, a combination of silymarin for 10 days and D-penicillamine for the last 5 days and silymarin for the last 5 days, respectively. Pb acetate exposure induced significant elevation in serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) enzyme activities in group 2 compared to control group. Significant reductions in serum total protein and albumin in all Pb-exposed groups and in serum glucose in groups 2, 6 and 8 were also observed. Liver tissue superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were significantly lower in groups 2 and 8 compared to control group. Silymarin pretreatment and D-penicillamine administration in groups 5, 7 and 8 could significantly lower ALP, ALT and AST and improve liver antioxidant enzymes. Thus, acute Pb exposure induced hepatotoxicity with suppression of liver antioxidant defence system and silymarin, as an antioxidant could alleviate this effect.

Antihypertensive and Cardio-Protective Potentials of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Mucuna Pruriens in Male Albino Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Minari ◽  
G.E Nwosu ◽  
E.E Agho ◽  
B.O Sholaja
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
White Blood Count ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Hematological Indices ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract

Hypertension is a risk factor for a variety of morbidities, especially stroke, myocardial infarction, and the development of congestive heart failure, as well as death. Several treatment options are used for treatment of hypertension; however, a lot of short comings have been associated with them. In order to proffer a possibly better and cheaper means of preventing hypertension, this study aims at investigating the antihypertensive and cardio-protective effects of the ethanolic leaf extract of Mucuna pruriens. Thirty-six male albino rats were used for the study. Oral administration of 8% salt diet was used to induce hypertension which significantly increased blood pressure and oxidative stress in the hypertensive animals compared to the control group. The phytochemical screening of the extract was carried out, the weight of the experimental animals was monitored, hematological indices was assessed, and systolic and diastolic rates were evaluated at different concentrations of the extract. The screening indicated the presence of tannin, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenols while reducing sugars, cardiac glycosides, glycoside, alkaloids and steroids were absent. The weight of the liver of rats given standard drug, 150 mg/ml of the extract, 250 mg/ml of the extract and untreated groups were significant lower (p<0.05) when compared with the control group while the group administered with 100 mg/ml was higher. The white blood count

scholarly journals Hematological Parameters and Lipid Profile Changes in Albino Rats due to Administration of Ethanol Extract of Ipomea batatas Leaves

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
M. O. Enemali ◽  
J. Akolo ◽  
G. S. Haruna ◽  
J. E. Bulus ◽  
P. J. Kassah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Ipomea Batatas ◽  
Group 2

Leaves of I. batatas have been implicated in both the hematopoietic process and in the management of hyperlipidemia in man. The current study evaluated the hematopoietic potentials and the lipid profile stabilizing potential of ethanol leaf extract of I. batatas in albino rats. The study was carried out at the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Nasarawa State University, Keffi, between March 2019 and October 2019. The determination of the phytochemical composition of the leaves was carried out. Sixteen albino rats weighing between 100-150g were randomly distributed into 4 groups of 4 rats each. Animals in group 1 served as the control while animals in groups 2, 3, and 4 served as the test groups and were administered 200, 300 and 400g/kg body weight respectively of ethanol leaf extract of I batata for fourteen days following standard procedures. The extract contained terpenoids in high amount, flavonoids and alkaloids in moderate amounts, while glycosides, phenolic, and steroids were present in low amounts. WBC counts increased significantly across the test groups compared to the control. PLT decreased significantly (P = 0.05) in all the test groups when compared to the control group. MCV increased significantly (P = 0.05) in all the test groups when compared to the control group. MCH increased significantly (P = 0.05) in group 2 but decreased significantly in groups 3 and 4 when compared to the control group. The lipid profile parameters; triglycerides (TAG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) showed no significant changes but HDL-C decreased significantly in group 4 compared to the control. The outcome of this study revealed that the ethanol leaves extract of I. batatas may possess a hematopoietic effect but may not be effective in the management of hyperlipidemia.

scholarly journals Triazophos induced neuro-splenic toxicity and evaluation of antioxidative potential of aqueous Broccoli extract in Wistar albino rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 616-626
Author(s):  
Dharmender Sharma ◽  
Gurinder Kaur Sangha
Keyword(s):  
Histological Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

The present investigation was carried out to assess the antioxidative potential of Broccoli sprouts aqueous extract (BE) against triazophos (TZ) induced oxidative stress (OS) in brain and spleen. In the experimental setup, six groups of rats were formed; Control (group 1), BE (group 2), TZ (group 3), and also BE+TZ groups such as BE1 (group 4), BE2 (group 5) and BE3 (group 6) groups. Rats were orally intubated for 30 days as per experimental design. After sacrifice, OS biomarkers viz; catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels were determined in brain and spleen. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was observed in plasma and brain samples. Histological study of the spleen in TZ rats showed increased thickness of capsule, congestion and hypocellularity in follicles of spleen’s white pulp and the histoarchitecture was restored in TZ+BE group rats. TZ caused degenerative changes in brain histology and rats showed mild congestion along with haemorrhage in the cerebral cortex. Results suggest that TZ exposure is associated with neural toxicity along with altered spleen stress biomarkers, which further corroborates with histopathological findings. It is inferred that BE exerts multi-mechanistic protective effects against TZ induced neuro-splenic toxicity which is attributable to its protective antioxidant actions.

Effects of erdosteine on cyclosporin-A-induced nephrotoxicity

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 565-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Tutanc ◽  
V Arica ◽  
N Yılmaz ◽  
A Nacar ◽  
I Zararsiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cyclosporin A ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Antioxidant Parameters ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Aim: In cyclosporin-A (CsA)-induced toxicity, oxidative stress has been implicated as a potential responsible mechanism. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the protective role of erdosteine against CsA-induced nephrotoxicity in terms of tissue oxidant/antioxidant parameters and light microscopy in rats. Materials and methods: Wistar albino rats were randomly separated into four groups. Group 1 rats treated with sodium chloride served as the control, group 2 rats were treated with CsA, group 3 with CsA plus erdosteine, and group 4 with erdosteine alone. Animals were killed and blood samples were analyzed for blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Cr), uric acid (UA), total protein (TP), and albumin (ALB) levels. Kidney sections were analyzed for malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, as well as for histopathological changes. Results: In the CsA group, MDA, GSH-Px, BUN, and Cr levels were increased. The TP and ALB levels were decreased. These changes had been improved by erdosteine administration. Other biochemical parameters did not show any significant change. Conclusion: These results indicate that erdosteine produces a protective mechanism against CsA-induced nephrotoxicity and suggest a role of oxidative stress in pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Probucol Attenuates Cyclophosphamide-induced Oxidative Apoptosis, p53 and Bax Signal Expression in Rat Cardiac Tissues

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 308-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousif A. Asiri
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Antioxidant Genes ◽  
Cardiac Tissues

Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a widely used drug in cancer chemotherapy and immunosuppression, which could cause toxicity of the normal cells due to its toxic metabolites. Probucol, a cholesterol-lowering drug, acts as potential inhibitor of DNA damage and shows to protect against doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy by enhancing the endogenous antioxidant system including glutathione peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase. This study examined the possible protective effects of probucol, a lipid-lowering compound with strong antioxidant properties, against CPinduced cardiotoxicity. This objective could be achieved through studying the gene expression-based on the possible protective effects of probucol against CP-induced cardiac failure in rats. Adult male Wistar albino rats were assigned into four treatment groups: Animals in the first (control) and second (probucol) groups were injected intraperitoneally with corn oil and probucol (61 mg/kg/day), respectively, for two weeks. Animals in the third (CP) and fourth (probucol plus CP) groups were injected with the same doses of corn oil and probucol (61 mg/kg/day), respectively, for one week before and one week after a single dose of CP (200 mg/kg, I.P.). The p53, Bax, Bcl2 and oxidative genes signal expression were measured by real time PCR. CP-induced cardiotoxicity was clearly observed by a significant increase in serum creatine phosphokinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) (117%), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (64%), free (69%) and esterified cholesterol (42%) and triglyceride (69%) compared to control group. In cardiac tissues, CP significantly increases the mRNA expression levels of apoptotic genes, p53 with two-fold and Bax with 1.6-fold, and decreases the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl2 with 0.5-fold. Moreover, CP caused downregulation of antioxidant genes, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase and increased the lipid peroxidation and decreased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (40%) and ATP/ADP (44%) in cardiac tissues. Probucol pretreatment not only counteracted significantly the CP-induced increase in cardiac enzymes and apoptosis but also induced a significant increase in mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes and improved ATP, ATP/ADP, glutathione (GSH) in cardiac tissues. In conclusion, data from the present study suggest that probucol prevents the development of CP-induced cardiotoxicity by a mechanism related, at least in part, to its ability to increase mRNA expression of antioxidant genes and to decrease apoptosis in cardiac tissues with the consequent improvement in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and energy production.

scholarly journals Hibiscus sabdariffa Aqueous Leaf Extract Reverses Hematological Alterations in Phenylhydrazine Anemic Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
E. B. Umoren ◽  
T. A. Kolawole ◽  
I. Wopara ◽  
O. G. Adebayo ◽  
B. Ben-Azu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Hb Concentration

Background: The extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa commonly known as Sobo is widely consumed for its nutritional and health benefits. This study investigated the effect of aqueous leaf extract of  H. sabdariffa on anemic condition caused by phenylhydrazine in rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty (30) rats used for this study were divided into three groups of 10 rats each. Group 1 received distilled water and served as control. Group 2 received phenylhydrazine (40 mg/kg, i.p.). Group 3 was treated with phenylhydrazine (40 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 minutes prior to administration of (200 mg/kg, p.o.) aqueous extract of H. sabdariffa (Sobo) once daily for 14 days. At the end, 2 ml blood samples were collected through cardiac puncture into clean sample bottles containing ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) for hematological analyses. Results: Sobo significantly increased (P<0.05) hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and packed cell volume (PCV) in the phenylhdrazine-treated rats. Also, Sobo significantly (P<0.05) increased total white blood cell (TWBC) in phenylhydrazine administered rats. However, the extract did not produce any significant effect on mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) relative to control and anemic groups. Conclusion: The findings from this study revealed that the aqueous extract of H. sabdariffa demonstrates anti-anemic effect in rats treated with phenylhydrazine, suggesting its ethno-pharmacological beneficial effect in anemic conditions.

scholarly journals A STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL CONTENT OF P. AMERICANALEAF ON HEMATOLOGICAL SYSTEM OF ALBINO RATS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (04) ◽  
pp. 464-467
Author(s):  
Ngozi a ◽  
◽  
N. Omeke ◽  
Haruna M. Ndahi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Phytochemical Content ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

Given the medicinal importance of the avocado plant in alternative medicine,the present study aimed to study the effect of the phytochemical content of P. americana leaf extract on the hematological system of albino rats. Albino rats were obtained andclustered into sixgroups,with five rats per groupsimultaneously were assigned experimental and control. The rats in the experimental group were administered with varying doses of the prepared aqueous extract of P. americanawithin the period of the study. The rats in the control group were administered with other substances such as water and feed for the study period.The hematological system of the experimental animal was assessed after the administration of the extract, and it was observed that the aqueous extract of P. americana leaf recorded no significant adverse effect on the hematology system of the experimental study animal.

scholarly journals Histopathological Assessment of the Effect of Pregabalin Toxicity on Cerebrum and Cerebellum of Adult Albino Rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wael Abdou Hassan ◽  
Shaimaa Shehata ◽  
Ahmad ElBana
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Addictive Behaviors ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Cerebral Cortex Tissue

Abstract Background: Pregabalin (PGB) used as analgesic in treatment of neurogenic pains of chronic diseases, is considered as one of the most abused anti-epileptic drugs worldwide and it has been proved that it induces addictive behaviors. The present histopathological study aimed to identify the effect of PGB administration on cerebral cortex and cerebellar cortex, in both acute and chronic toxicity. Seventy-two male and non-pregnant female adult albino rats’ 6- to 8-week-old divided into 3 main groups of 24 rats each were studied. Group 1 represented the control group and group 2 represented the acute toxicity group, in which rats were given a single dose of PGB (5000 mg/kg) orally by gavage and after 24 hours, rats were sacrificed and examined. Group 3 represented the chronic toxicity group; were given PGB 500 mg/kg orally by gavage for 12 weeks, after which rats were sacrificed and examined. Result: Cerebral cortex tissue of acute toxicity group displayed astrocytosis and dystrophic changes, while in chronic group showed degeneration, necrosis and cellular infiltrates. The cerebellum of chronic groups showed degeneration and shrunken of Purkinje cells. Conclusion: Acute and chronic intoxication with pregabalin adversely altered the structure of cerebral cortex and cerebellum.

scholarly journals Exploration of the optimal strategy for dietary calcium intervention against the toxicity of liver and kidney induced by cadmium in mice: An in vivo diet intervention study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0250885
Author(s):  
Zhaofang Chen ◽  
Kexin Shi ◽  
Wenjie Kuang ◽  
Lei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Diet Intervention ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Exposure Pathway ◽  
Group 2

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic non-essential element, while calcium (Ca) is an essential element with high chemical similarity to Cd. Dietary intake is the major Cd exposure pathway for non-smokers. A multi-concentration dietary intervention experiment was designed to explore the optimum concentration of Ca in diet with obvious protective effects against the toxicity of livers and kidneys induced by Cd in mice. The mice were divided into six groups with different concentrations of Cd and Ca in their food: control-group (no Cd or Ca), Ca-group (100 g/kg Ca, without Cd), Cd-group (2 mg/kg Cd, without Ca), CaL+Cd-group (2 mg/kg Cd, 2 g/kg Ca), CaM+Cd-group (2 mg/kg Cd, 20 g/kg Ca) and CaH+Cd-group (2 mg/kg Cd, 100 g/kg Ca). The organ indexes, oxidative stress biomarkers, lesions and Cd concentrations were detected after a 30-day exposure period. Results showed that serum Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) level in CaH+Cd-group was significantly lower than that in Cd-group, while close to that in control-group. The contents of Serum Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) in different groups showed the same trend. Concentrations of all oxidative stress biomarkers (GSH-Px, SOD, CAT, GSH and MDA) in CaH+Cd-group were close to the normal levels of control-group while significantly different from those in Cd-group. The only exception was the Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in kidneys. This study suggests that Ca plays a protective role in relieving the Cd-induced toxicity of livers and kidneys and a concentration of 100 g/kg for Ca in diet showed the best protective effects. These findings could provide a clue for further studies concerning human diet intervention for Cd control.

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