scholarly journals A STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL CONTENT OF P. AMERICANALEAF ON HEMATOLOGICAL SYSTEM OF ALBINO RATS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (04) ◽  
pp. 464-467
Author(s):  
Ngozi a ◽  
◽  
N. Omeke ◽  
Haruna M. Ndahi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Phytochemical Content ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

Given the medicinal importance of the avocado plant in alternative medicine,the present study aimed to study the effect of the phytochemical content of P. americana leaf extract on the hematological system of albino rats. Albino rats were obtained andclustered into sixgroups,with five rats per groupsimultaneously were assigned experimental and control. The rats in the experimental group were administered with varying doses of the prepared aqueous extract of P. americanawithin the period of the study. The rats in the control group were administered with other substances such as water and feed for the study period.The hematological system of the experimental animal was assessed after the administration of the extract, and it was observed that the aqueous extract of P. americana leaf recorded no significant adverse effect on the hematology system of the experimental study animal.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF DEFINITIONS TOWARD STUDENTS’ VOCABULARY

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Tawali Tawali
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
T Test ◽  
Second Grade ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Second Grade Students ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

This research is aimed to find out the effect of definitions toward students’ vocabulary mastery: it was an experimental study at the second grade student of MTs NW Haqqul Yaqin Sayang- sayang. The subject of this research was the second grade of MTs NW Haqqul Yaqin Sayang- sayang.The research was used experimental method with quantitative approach. The population of this research consist of 55 students, and the sample is 29 for experimental group while 26 for control group. The technique of collecting data was used definition for experimental group and matching word with antonym for control group. The data was collected by using post-test only and the data was analyzed by t-test formula. Based on data analysis the mean score of experimental group was 76,4 and control group was 69,23, beside of that standard deviation for experimental group was 114,28 and for control group was 113,09 and the value of t-test was 2,44 and t-table was 2,000. Degree of freedom is 53 with significant level 0,05. It means that the value of t-test was higher than t-table (t-test ˃ t-table). The alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted and null hypothesis (Ho) was rejected. Thus, the conclusion of this research was there was an effect of definition toward students’ vocabulary mastery: an experimental study at the second grade students of MTs NW Haqqul Yaqin Sayang-sayang.

scholarly journals DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (07) ◽  
pp. 1117-1123
Author(s):  
Faiza Irshad ◽  
Rabia Sajjad Toor ◽  
Madiha Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
P Value ◽  
Kidney Weight ◽  
Experimental Group

Background: Zingiber Officinale Roscoe (Zingiberaceae family) is knownas Ginger. It is famous for its antioxidant properties. Objectives: To evaluate the effects ofGinger aqueous extract on the serum creatinine and paired kidney weight in Alloxan induceddiabetic nephropathy of albino rats. Study Design: Experimental study. Period: 06 months01-01-2013 to 30 June 2013. Setting: Anatomy Department, Sheikh Zayed, PGMI Lahore.Materials and Methods: Diabetes mellitus was induced with Alloxan intraperitoneally (150 mg/kg body weight) in Experimental groups B & C. Then the rats of experimental group C received200mg/kg body weight of ginger aqueous extract by gavage daily for five weeks starting from8th day after Alloxan injection. Results: Serum creatinine levels increased more in experimentalgroup B as compared to experimental group C. Group wise comparison of creatinine levelrevealed that the difference among control (A group) and experimental (B & C Groups) wassignificant having p-value <0.001. We observed that Paired kidney weight in experimentalgroup B increased as compared to control group A. Less increase in the paired kidney weightwas observed in experimental group C as compared to experimental group B. The differenceof mean paired kidney weight among three groups was significant having p-value <0.001.Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated that the co-treatment of Ginger aqueousextract prevented alloxan induced diabetic nephropathy in albino rats. The aqueous extract ofGinger showed amazing results on paired kidney weight.

scholarly journals When Learners Prefer the Wrong Explanation: Misconceptions in Physics Explainer Videos and the Illusion of Understanding

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Kulgemeyer ◽  
Jörg Wittwer
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Physics Instruction ◽  
University Courses ◽  
Mistaken Belief ◽  
And Control ◽  
Immense Potential ◽  
Group D ◽  
Experimental Group

Online explanation videos on platforms like YouTube are popular among students and serve as an important resource for both distance learning and regular science education. Despite their immense potential, some of the explainer videos for physics include problematic explanation approaches, possibly fostering misconceptions. However, some of them manage to achieve good ratings on YouTube. A possible reason could be that explainer videos with misconceptions foster an “illusion of understanding”—the mistaken belief that a topic has been understood. In particular, misconceptions close to everyday experiences might elicit greater interest and appear more convincing than scientifically correct explanations. This experimental study was conducted to research this effect. Physics learners (N = 149), with a low prior knowledge enrolled in introductory university courses on primary education, were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. While the experimental group watched a video introducing the concept of force relying on misconceptions, the control group watched the scientifically correct video. Both videos were comparable in terms of comprehensibility and duration. In the posttest, the experimental group believed that the video was scientifically correct, well-explained, and that they do not require further instruction to understand the concept—indicators of an illusion of understanding. The video including misconceptions was perceived as better understandable than the scientifically correct video (d = 0.62*). The experimental group was significantly more convinced by the misconception after watching the video than the control group (d = 1.86**). They learnt more erroneous knowledge about the misconception than the control group about the scientifically correct concept (Cohen’s q = 0.37*). We argue that this might become problematic (a) in physics instruction because students who have watched a misleading video might regard further teaching in school as irrelevant, and (b) learners might tend to rate videos including misconceptions better on an online platform like YouTube.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness Of English Interactive Media In Teaching Writing (An Experimental Study Conducted For Eleventh Graders In SMA N 1 Sedayu, Bantul Yogyakarta)

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Atayewa Merjen Gurbangeldiyewna ◽  
Hermayawati Hermayawati
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Interactive Media ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
T Test ◽  
Teaching Writing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Writing Skill ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

The objectives of the study are to find out the ability of the students in writing descriptive text both before and after the treatment either at control group or experiment group; to find out the effectiveness of Interactive Media for teaching writing descriptive text; to find out what writing elements that received significant improvement after being taught by Interactive Media. This research was conducted using experimental study to overcome students’ problem in learning English especially writing skill. The researcher used two classes as the subject: XI MIPA-1 as the experiment group and XI MIPA-4 as control group. Those MIPA classes belong to Argo Mulyo High School /SMA N 1 Sedayu, Argomulyo, Bantul.The experimental class was taught the descriptive text by using Interactive Media in the form of Macromedia Flash while control groupwas taught by using non-computer based lessons. Total sample of both classes were 60 students. The research was conducted within quasi-experiment study which used pre-post tests design of experiment and control groups. The researcher used this method in order to find out whether computer-based instruction/Interactive Media could make significant improvement on the students’ descriptive writing skill. Such effectiveness was seen from difference of means between pre-post of both control and experiment groups and its t-test score at the degree of significancy. The t-test was higher than the t-table, Interactive Media then was proved significancy in improving the students’ writing descriptive text skill. The students’ writing was analyzed and scored based on rubrics postulated by Brown and Bailey including paragraph organization, its content, language structure, vocabulary and mechanics. The experiment shows that the t-test was (3.16) which is higher than t-table (2.000). The aspects of wtiting that has significant improvement were content, organization, structure, vocabulary - means pre-test of experimental group = 76.5 and control group = 70.8 increased into, experimental group = 87.22 and control group = 78.8 during post test with standard deviation of experimental group = 7.7 and control group = 9.97. Since there was a significant improvement of students’ writing skill by using Interactive Media, this research then confirms that Interactive Media is effective for teaching writing at SMA level.

scholarly journals The Effect of De Bono Model on Students’ Achievement in Writing Descriptive Text of 2018/2019 Eleventh Year Students of SMA Yayasan Pendidikan Harapan Bangsa Kuala Kabupaten Langkat

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
Conny Conny ◽  
Aginta Endingna Sembiring
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Writing Achievement ◽  
Writing Test ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

The study is concerning with experimental study which discussed the effect of de Bono model students writing descriptive text. It took place at SMA yayasan pendidikan harapan bangsa kuala kabupaten langkat. The subjects were the eleventh year students with the population of 72 students. 72 students were chosen as the sample and group into experimental and control group. Each group consisted of 36 students. The experimental group was taught with de bono model while the control one was taught without De bono model. A writing test was used to collect the data on the students’ writing achievement. The data collected were analyzed by using t-test. The result of the data analysis showed that the t-observed was 7,24. It was higher that the value of t-table (tt) is 1,66 for 5% and 2,38 for 1%. This meant that the alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted. It can be concluded that there is effect of De Bono model on students writing descriptive text of 2018/2019 eleventh year students of SMA yayasan pendidikan harapan bangsa kuala kabupaten langkat.Keyword: Writing, Descriptive text, De Bono model, Six thinking hats

scholarly journals Celebrex adjuvant therapy on COVID-19: An experimental study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenxin Hong ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
Kai You ◽  
Shenglin Tan ◽  
Feima Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Adjuvant Therapy ◽  
Remission Rate ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Full Dose ◽  
Half Dose ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

AbstractBackgroundThe world is under serious threat with the spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, there is no effective drug for the treatment of COVID-19. Based on analyses of available data, we deduced that the excessive prostaglandins E2 (PGE2) accumulation mediated by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was the key pathological basis of COVID-19.MethodsThe urine PGE2 levels were measured by mass spectrometry. An experimental study about Celebrex to treat COVID-19 was conducted based on routine treatment. A total of 44 confirmed COVID-19 patients were enrolled (Experimental group n=37, Control group n=7). Patients in experimental group were given Celebrex once or twice a day (0.2 g/time) for 7–14 days. The dosage or duration was modified for individuals. Clinical outcomes of Celebrex adjuvant therapy were evaluated by vital signs, laboratory tests, and computed tomography upon the discontinuance of Celebrex.ResultsWe found that the concentrations of PGE2 in urine samples of COVID-19 patients were significantly higher than that of healthy individuals (mean value is 170 ng/ml vs 18.8 ng/ml, p<0.01) and positively correlated with the progression of COVID-19. Among the experimental group (ordinary n=29, severe n=7, critical n=1), 25 cases were treated with full dose and 11 cases with half dose of Celebrex, and 1 case with Ibuprofen. The remission rate were 100%, 82% and 57% in full dose, half dose and control group respectively. Celebrex significantly reduced the PGE2 levels and promoted recovery of ordinary or severe COVID-19.ConclusionOur study suggests that Celebrex adjuvant treatment may be helpful for the therapy of COVID-19.

Motivational Effects of Stimuli Paired with Buildup of the Thirst Drive

1969 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 331-337
Author(s):  
Albert M. Swanson ◽  
Glenn D. Richmond
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Control Environment ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Thirst Drive

Albino rats were adapted to a distinctive conditioning environment over a 4-day period and were then divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group experienced 23 hr. of water privation in the conditioning environment on each of 14 successive days. The control group experienced only the first ½ hr. of privation in the conditioning environment and spent the rest of each privation period in a control environment. During subsequent tests in the conditioning environment, with Ss satiated, the experimental Ss consumed significantly more water than the control Ss. A replication produced similar results and indicated that the effect could be mediated by general, as well as specific, characteristics of the conditioning environment. The relation of the results to the conditioned drive hypothesis is discussed, and the direction of continuing research is indicated.

scholarly journals Effect of Punica Granatum (Pomegranate) on serum ALT and AST in Carbon tetrachloride induced liver damage in Wistar Albino Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halima Sadia ◽  
Qazi Shamima Akter ◽  
Rukhsana Afroz ◽  
Tashfia Siddika
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Experimental Group

Background: Liver diseases are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Punica granatum may have free radical scavenging activity and it can be used for the prevention and treatment of liver damage.Objective: To observe the hepatoprotective effects of Punica granatum on CCl4 induced liver damage in rats.Methods: The experimental study was carried out in the Dept of Physiology, Dhaka Medical Ccollege, Dhaka from July 2013 to June 2014. For this purpose, 36 wistar albino rats were studied. After acclimatization for 7 days, they were divided into two groups-control and experimental group. Control group were subdivided into BC (Baseline control), CC (CCl4 treated control) and SC (Silymarin treated control). Experimental group were subdivided into CP-APT (CCl4 pretreated and aqueous extract of pomegranate treated), CP-EPT (CCl4 pretreated and ethanolic extract of pomegranate treated) and APP-CT (Aqueous extract of pomegranate pretreated and CCl4 treated). Each sub group consisted of 6 rats. All rats received basal diet for 8 days. In addition to basal diet on 8th day, BC received single dose olive oil and CC received CCl4. Rats of SC received silymarin for 8consecutive days. In experimental groups, CP-APT received aqueous extract of Pomegranate and CP-EPT received ethanolic extract of Pomegranate for 8consecutive days. Moreover, APP-CT received aqueous extract of Pomegranate for 8 consecutive days and CCl4 only on 8th day. All rats were sacrificed on 9th day and then blood samples were collected. Serum ALT and AST levels were estimated by using standard laboratory kits. Statistical analysis was done one way ANOVA and Bonferroni test.Results: The mean serum AST and ALT levels were significantly (p<0.001) higher in CC in comparison to those of BC. Serum AST and ALT levels of all experimental groups were significantly (P<0.001) lower than CC. Silymarin used as a standard reference also exhibited significant hepatoprotective activity against CCl4 induced hepatotoxicityConclusion: From the result of present study it can be concluded that, Pomegranate may have hepatoprotective effect by lowering ALT and AST levelsBangladesh Soc Physiol. 2016, June; 11(1): 23-28

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF DRAMA TRAINING ON INTERPERSONAL MANAGEMENT SKILL OF MANAGERS

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-313
Author(s):  
Recep İbrahim PINAR ◽  
Özgür KÖKALAN
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Management Skill ◽  
Quantitative Research Methods ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Software Program ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

The main purpose of this study is to examine the effects of drama training on interpersonal management skill of managers. The experimental study was conducted in this research. The participants of the study were 20 managers divided into 10 as an experimental group and 10 as a control group. The drama training was given to participants of the experimental group by a specialist trainer and then the effects of this training were analyzed by quantitative research methods. In the quantitave researh, a questionnaire that were used to determine the interpersonal management skill of managers were conducted before the training for both the participants of the experimental group and control group. In order to determine the effects of drama training, the same quantionnaire were again conducted to all participants after the training and the effects of training on the participants of experimental group were analyzed by a quantitative software program called as SPSS 20.0. According to research results, it was proved that the interpersonal management skill was developed because of drama training. 

scholarly journals Effects of aqueous leaf extract of Tithonia diversifolia (Mexican Sunflower) on semen characteristic and morphology in male Wistar albino rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-270
Author(s):  
J. O. Olukunle ◽  
E. B. Jacobs ◽  
J. A. Oyewusi ◽  
L. A. Durotoye ◽  
E. O. Adeleye
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Tithonia Diversifolia ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
Dose Dependent Decrease ◽  
Dose Dependent

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of the aqueous extract of Tithonia diversifolia leaves on semen characteristics and spermatozoa morphology Wistar rats. The rats were divided into three groups (A, B and C) and treated daily with 400, 800 and 1600 mg/kg of the aqueous extract of Tithonia diversifolia leaves respectively for 28 days while 5ml/kg of distilled water was given to the control group D. At the end of the experimental period, animals were sacrificed and sperm characteristics, histology of the testes and epididymis were assessed. Aqueous extract of Tithonia diversifolia leaves caused a dose-dependent decrease in the progressive sperm motility of the Wistar rats with a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the group dosed with 1600mg/kg (62.50±7.5) when compared with the control (93.75±1.3). It also cause a dose-dependent decrease in the sperm count with a significant (p<0.05) decrease in the group dosed with 1600mg (69.75±0.5) when compared with the control (129.0±5.0). Some sperm abnormalities vise headless tail (321.5±0.3), tailless head (171.00±50.0) and bent tail (3766.0±320.5) were significantly increased in the group dosed with 1,600mg/kg while histopathological evaluation of the festis and epididymis revealed varying degrees of degeneration and necrosis of the germinal epithelia cell of the seminiferous tubules. Spermiostasis and complete epididymal aspermia were also observed. Tithonia diversifolia aqueous leaf extract has significant anti-spermatogenic effects on adult male Wistar rats which could impair reproductive activities in these rats.

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