scholarly journals Commercial Microalgae Culture in Inorganic Fertilizer Media

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Sandra E. Ezeani ◽  
Gideon O. Abu
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Algal Biomass ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Composite Medium ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Total Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Cell Biomass

Algal biomass production using relatively and locally available NPK formulated media has been identified as a key factor in commercial algal biomass production. The suitability of agricultural fertilizer as a growth medium for commercial algae cultivation was assessed using NPK 15:15:15, NPK 20:20:20 and composite medium of NPK 15:15:15+ BG11, while BG11 was used as a control medium. Microalgae Chlorella species was cultivated in these NPK formulated media at ambient temperature under solar irradiation for a period of 15 days. The cell biomass was determined by the optical density at 660nm, cell dry weight and total chlorophyll content were also determined. The maximum value for cell biomass of 0.356 mg/L, total chlorophyll content of 0.0.493 mg/ml and cell dry weight of 0.0185 mg/L achieved in the composite medium was closer to the values of 0.389 mg/L, 0.531 mg/ml and 0.2121 mg/L for cell biomass concentration, total chlorophyll content and dry cell weight respectively for BG11 medium. Although NPK 15:15:15 and NPK 20:20:20 media achieved lower values for cell biomass, total chlorophyll, and cell dry weight, there is no significant statistical difference between the media. This study suggests that inorganic fertilizer can be a relatively cost-effective and locally available substitute for commercial algae biomass production.

scholarly journals Salinity induced deleterious effects on germination, growth, physiological and biochemical process of two varieties of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-150
Author(s):  
Sharmin Akter ◽  
Dilruba Yeasmin Jharna ◽  
Sujan Kanti Mali ◽  
Abu Sayeed
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Total Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

The present study was accomplished to find out the effects of salinity on germination, growth, physiological and biochemical processes of two different groundnuts (Arachis hypogaea L.), varieties viz., Dacca-1, and Zhinga groundnut. The experiments consisted of five salinity treatments viz., control (no salinity), 3, 6, 9, and 12dS/m during germination and vegetative stage of groundnut varieties. Results showed that germination percentage of both the groundnut varieties was significantly decreased with the increase of salt concentration. During the germination stage, maximum shoot and root length, shoot and root fresh weight and shoot and root dry weight of groundnut varieties were recorded from Zhinga groundnut variety at salt stress. The same result occurred during the vegetative stage of Dacca-1 variety while the Zhinga groundnut variety showed maximum parameters than Dacca-1. Fresh weight, as well as dry weight, of shoots and roots of both the groundnut varieties was also decreased with the increase of salt concentrations while leaf proline concentrations were increased among these varieties. Salinity caused significant (P<0.001) reduction in chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll content in both the genotypes. Between two genotypes, Zhinga groundnut recorded higher chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll content than Dacca-1. From the studies, it is concluded that the groundnut genotype Zhinga was identified as the tolerant genotype to salt stress than Dacca-1. Overall results indicate that high salinity condition is not suitable for growing the groundnut.

scholarly journals Lavandula angustifolia Growth and Physiology Is Affected by Substrate Type and Depth When Grown under Mediterranean Semi-intensive Green Roof Conditions

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Kotsiris ◽  
Panayiotis A. Nektarios ◽  
Angeliki T. Paraskevopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Stomatal Resistance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Total Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Substrate Depth

Green roofs have received increased interest as a result of their environmental, social, and economic benefits. The present study aims to evaluate suitable, lightweight substrates for the installation of semi-intensive-type green roofs and their effects on Lavandula angustifolia growth and physiological status under Mediterranean climatic conditions. The study was conducted in field containers (1.2 × 1.2 m), and treatments included the use of two depths (20 cm or 30 cm) and three different substrates: 1) pumice (Pum) mixed with peat (P) and zeolite (Z) in a volumetric proportion of 65:30:5 (Pum65:P30:Z5); 2) pumice mixed with compost (C) and zeolite in a volumetric proportion of 65:30:5 (Pum65:C30:Z5); and 3) sandy loam soil (S) mixed with perlite (Per) and zeolite in a volumetric proportion of 30:65:5 (S30:Per65:Z5). Each experimental plot was planted with four plants of L. angustifolia. The physical and chemical characteristics of the substrates and the in situ substrate moisture levels were determined. Plant growth was determined by the growth index and root dry weight, whereas the plant physiological status during the stressful summer period was determined by chlorophylla+b content and stomatal resistance. It was found that the bulk density of all of the substrates was less than 0.8 g·cm−3, whereas the water retention of substrate S30:Per65:Z5 was greater than the other two substrates at all tensions. Substrate depth was the most influential factor; therefore, the deeper substrates (30 cm) provided higher growth indices and root dry weight, increased total chlorophyll content, and reduced leaf stomatal resistance compared with the shallower substrate depth of 20 cm. Differences between substrate types were smaller compared with those of substrate depth. In spring, the growth index in substrate Pum65:C30:Z5 was larger but not in the summer when the growth index of substrates S30:Per65:Z5 and Pum65:P30:Z5 exceeded that of the substrate amended with compost until the end of the study. In late summer, the plant total chlorophyll content decreased in all substrates, whereas substrate Pum65:C30:Z5 exhibited increased stomatal resistance compared with the other two substrates at the same period. It was concluded that L. angustifolia could be grown successfully in semi-intensive Mediterranean green roofs at a substrate depth of 20 cm, but its growth and tolerance to the harsh summer conditions would improve at a substrate depth of 30 cm.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF MAGNETIC FIELD ON THE GROWTH, MULTIPLICATION AND CONCENTRATION OF THE VOLATILE OIL OF ROSEMARY OFFICINALIS IN VITRO

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Husain & Jawad
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
North Pole ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
South Pole ◽  
Total Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Engineering Sciences ◽  
Shoot Number

This experiment was conducted at the plant tissue culture laboratory – Dept. of Horti.- Coll. of Agricultural Engineering Sciences – Univ. of Baghdad, in order to study the effect of magnetic field in the propagation and production of volatile oil compounds of rosemary plant Rosmarinus officinlis. Factorial experiments within completely randomized design with thirty replications were used. The results indicated  an increase in the treatment of exposure to south pole for 30 days with the highest mean of the shoots number, fresh and dry weight and total chlorophyll content (7.5 shoots.plant-1, 6634 mg, 769.5 mg and 160.6 mg.100 g-1) respectively. While the control treatment produced the lowest value of shoot number, fresh and dry weight and total chlorophyll content (5.7 shoots.plant-1, As shoots length, the exposure to south pole for 30 days, gave the shoot length (6 cm), while the exposure treatment to north pole for 20 days gave mean branch length of 2.25 cm. In terms of the effect of magnetic field on the concentration of volatile oil compounds, the results indicate that the exposure to south pole for 30 days significantly higher than the other treatments in the following compounds: linalool, Terpinene, linderol, Limonene cymene, and camphor penene. The 30-day north pole exposure was significantly higher in the two compounds: merycenen and sabinene.

scholarly journals Effects of nano silver on the growth of banana (Musa spp.) cultured in vitro

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dang Giap Do ◽  
Thi Kim Thuy Dang ◽  
Thi Huyen Trang Nguyen ◽  
Thi Duoc Nguyen ◽  
Trong Tuan Tran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Nano Silver ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Total Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
The One

Nano silver has positive effects on the growth and development of in vitro plants. In this study, shoots of in vitro banana with 1 cm in length were cut off the tip which was cultured in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 30 g.L-1 sucrose, 15% coconut water (v/v), 5 mg. L-1 6-Benzyladenine (BA), 8 g.L-1 agar and nano silver (1, 3, 5, 7 ppm). After twenty days cultured, shoots in the medium supplemented with 1 ppm nano silver have grown well with 8.4 times multiplication and total chlorophyll content (2.05 mg.g-1), three-fold higher than in the control experiment. All new shoot samples were cultivated in a new medium with same component and supplemented with 1 mg. L-1 active charcoal to study root formation. The results showed that the best medium for root development was the one with 3 ppm nano silver. In this treatment, the height of shoots, number of leaves, number of roots, root length, fresh weight, dry weight and total chlorophyll content were 2.90 cm, 4.40 leaves per explant, 7.10 roots per explant, 7.7 cm per explant, 1.47 g per explant, 0.136 g and 3.17 mg.g-1, respectively. In vitro healthy seedlings with equal size were grown in nurseries. Different concentrations of nano silver (5, 10, 15 ppm) were sprayed on once a week. After 30 days, the highest quality result was observed at concentration 5 ppm with shoot of 4.86 cm in length, 5.20 leaves per shoot, 4.60 roots per explant, root of 4.87 cm in length and 3.07 g per explant in fresh weight. Nano bạc có tác động tích cực lên quá trình sinh trưởng và phát triển của một số loài thực vật nuôi cấy in vitro. Trong nghiên cứu này, chồi non in vitro có chiều cao 1 cm đã cắt bỏ đỉnh được nuôi cấy trên môi trường MS có bổ sung 30 g/L đường, 15% nước dừa (v/v), 5 mg/L BA, 8 g/L agar và nano bạc ở nồng độ 1, 3, 5, 7 ppm. Sau 20 ngày nuôi cấy, mẫu cấy phát triển tốt trên môi trường bổ sung nano bạc nồng độ 1 ppm với hệ số nhân chồi 8,4 lần, hàm lượng chlorophyll tổng số đạt 2,05 mg/g, cao gấp ba lần so với mẫu đối chứng. Mẫu cấy được chuyền sang môi trường mới có thành phần tương tự và bổ sung thêm 1 mg/L than hoạt tính để khảo sát sự tạo rễ. Kết quả cho thấy mẫu cấy trên môi trường có nồng độ nano bạc 3 ppm phát triển tốt nhất với chiều cao cây 2,90 cm/mẫu; số lá 4,40/ mẫu; số rễ 7,10/ mẫu; chiều dài rễ 7,7 cm/mẫu; khối lượng tươi 1,47 g/mẫu, khối lượng khô 0,136 g/mẫu và hàm lượng chlorophyll tổng đạt 3,17 mg/g. Những cây con in vitro phát triển tốt được trồng ngoài vườn ươm. Các dung dịch nano bạc có nồng độ 5, 10, 15 ppm được dùng để phun lên cây 1 lần/ tuần. Sau 30 ngày, kết quả cao nhất ghi nhận ở dung dịch có nồng độ 5 ppm với chiều cao chồi đạt 4,86 cm, 5,20 lá/chồi, 4,60 rễ/mẫu, chiều dài rễ đạt 4,87 cm và khối lượng tươi đạt 3,07 g/mẫu.

scholarly journals Pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman kailan (Brassica oleracea) akibat pemberian mulsa jerami padi dengan takaran yang berbeda

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Alvianisa Anjanuari Setiyaningrum ◽  
Adriani Darmawati ◽  
Susilo Budiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Total Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Number Of Leaves

ABSTRACT  The objective of this research was to examine the effect and quantity of rice straw mulch on the growth and production of kailan. This research was conducted inAspakusa Makmur Farms Association, Teras, Boyolali and Laboratory of Ecology and Plant Production, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semarangfrom January 24th to March24th 2018. The research was assigned in completely randomized monofactor design with the factor was M0: control, M1: 2 ton/ha, M2: 4 ton/ha, M3: 6 ton/ha and M4: 8 ton/ha. Parameters observed were plant height, number of leaves, soil and temperature, plant and root wet weight, plant and root dry weight and total chlorophyll content.The results showed thatmulch treatment with a dose of 6 tons/ha was able to increase the yield of leaves, root dry weight and total chlorophyll content but did not increase crop yields, soil and temperature, plant and root wet weight, plant dry weight Keyword: Kailan, Mulch, Rice straw ABSTRAK  Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh dan takaran mulsa jerami padi terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman kailan. Penelitian dilakukan pada tanggal24 Januari 2018 – 24 Maret 2018 di Lahan pertanian Asosiasi Aspakusa Makmur Kecamatan Teras Kabupaten Boyolali dan Laboratorium Ekologi dan Produksi Tanaman, Fakultas Peternakan dan Pertanian, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang. Penelitian disusun dengan rancangan acak lengkap monofaktor dengan perlakuan M0: kontrol, M1: jerami padi 2 ton/ha, M2: jerami padi 4 ton/ha, M3: jerami padi 6 ton/ha dan M4: jerami padi 8 ton/ha. Parameter yang diamati adalah tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, kelembaban dan suhu tanah, berat basah tanaman dan akar, berat kering tanaman dan akar dan kandungan klorofil total. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Perlakuan mulsa dengan takaran 6 ton/ha mampu meningkatkan hasil jumlah daun, berat kering akar dan kandungan klorofil total tetapi tidak meningkatkan hasil tinggi tanaman, kelembaban dan suhu tanah, berat basah tanaman dan akar, berat kering tanaman Kata kunci: kailan, mulsa, jerami padi 

scholarly journals Tolerance of sugarcane cultivars to chemical eradication

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-386
Author(s):  
R.C. Adriano ◽  
C.A.M. Azania ◽  
L.R. Pinto ◽  
D. Perecin ◽  
A.A.P.M. Azania
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Minimum Rate ◽  
Total Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Split Plot

Knowledge of the minimum rate of glyphosate required to eradicate sugarcane ratoons can reduce the amount of herbicide used. To confirm this hypothesis, this study aimed to investigate the tolerance of different sugarcane cultivars to chemical eradication, at different glyphosate rates. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design in a split-plot scheme, with four replications. The sugarcane cultivars (IACSP94-2094, IACSP94-2101, IACSP93-3046, IACSP94‑4004, IAC86-2480, and RB72454) were allocated in plots and the glyphosate rates (0, 1,440, 2,160, 2,880, 3,600, and 4,320 g ha-1), in the sub plots. The traits evaluated were signs of poisoning symptoms; total chlorophyll content, plant height, percentage of dead tillers, and dry weight of the plants. At 45 days after application (DAA), the glyphosate rate of 1,440 g a.e. ha-1 eradicated the cultivars IACSP94-2094 and IACSP94-2101, as well as RB72454 with application of 2,160 g a.e. ha‑1. Application of glyphosate 2,880 g a.e. ha-1 eradicated both IACSP93-3046 and IAC86-2480 and glyphosate 3,600 g a.e. ha-1 eradicated IACSP94-4004. The most tolerant cultivar was IACSP94‑4004, eradicated at the rate of 3,600 g. a.e. ha-1. This confirms the hypothesis that knowing the cultivar's tolerance leads, in practice, to a smaller amount of herbicide applied to the environment, which also reduces production costs.

scholarly journals Improving the Keeping Quality and Vase Life of Cut Alstroemeria Flowers by Pre and Post-harvest Salicylic Acid Treatments

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elnaz SOLEIMANY-FARD ◽  
Khodayar HEMMATI ◽  
Ahmad KHALIGHI
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Vase Life ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Total Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Keeping Quality

Keeping quality and length of vase life are important factors for evaluation of cut flowers quality, for both domestic and export markets. Studding the effect of pre- and post-harvest salicylic acid applications on keeping quality and vase life of cut alstroemeria flowers during vase period is the approach taken. Aqueous solutions of salicylic acid at 0.0 (with distilled water), 1, 2 and 3 mM were sprayed to run-off (approximately 500 mL per plant), about two weeks before flowers harvest. The cut flowers were harvested in the early morning and both of cut flowers treated (sprayed) and untreated were kept in vase solutions containing salicylic acid at 0.0 (with distilled water), 1, 2 and 3 mM. Sucrose at 4% was added to all treatments as a base solution. The changes in relative fresh weight, water uptake, water loss, water balance, total chlorophyll content and vase life were estimated during vase period. The results showed that the relative fresh weight, water uptake, water balance, total chlorophyll content and vase life decreased significantly while the water loss increased significantly during experiment for all treatments. A significant difference between salicylic acid and control treatments in all measured parameters is observed. During vase period, the salicylic acid treatments maintained significantly a more favourable relative fresh weight, water uptake, water balance, total chlorophyll content and supressed significantly water loss, as compared to control treatment. Also, the results showed that the using salicylic acid increased significantly the vase life cut alstroemeria flowers, over control. The highest values of measured parameters were found when plants were treated by pre + post-harvest application of salicylic acid at 3 mM. The result revealed that the quality attributes and vase life of cut alstroemeria flowers were improved by the use of salicylic acid treatment.

scholarly journals Antioxidant gene expression, chlorophyll, and starch content in Persian lime (Citrus latifolia Tanaka Ex Q. Jiménez) trees with HLB by application of elicitors of plant resistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-102
Author(s):  
Felipe Roberto Flores-de la Rosa ◽  
◽  
Ricardo Santillán-Mendoza ◽  
Cynthia Guadalupe Rodríguez-Quibrera ◽  
Antonio Martínez-Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Genes ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Total Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Randomized Design

Persian lime is economically important for Mexico. However, the disease known as Huanglongbing (HLB) causes chlorosis symptoms in the foliage that affect the growth and decreases the yield of the trees. The expression of chlorosis symptoms is associated with starch accumulation and inhibition of antioxidant activity. The objective of the present work was to determine the effect of the application of three resistance elicitors on the expression of three antioxidant genes and on starch and chlorophyll content in Persian lime trees with HLB. Salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA) or gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were applied every eight days for nine weeks using a completely randomized design and a one-way ANOVA was performed for the analysis. Expression of APX, CAT and SOD genes was quantified at week nine at four different times. Starch and total chlorophyll content was estimated every three weeks by spectrophotometric methods. The application of the elicitors significantly increased the expression of the three genes, with SA and GABA generating the greatest increase at different times of application. No difference was found in starch and total chlorophyll content at most of the times evaluated. The use of resistance elicitors is promising in the management of HLB in plots already infected, seeking to extend the productive life of the orchards and thus counteract the economic losses caused by HLB.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PERBANDINGAN IKAN KEMBUNG (Rastrelliger kanagurta) DENGAN SAYUR GONDA (Sphenoclea zeylanica Gaertner) TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK BAKSO

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 426
Author(s):  
Brogina Mayank Dini ◽  
Luh Putu Trisna Darmayanti ◽  
I Ketut Suter
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Total Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Randomized Design

This research was conducted with the aim to determine the effect of comparison of mackerel with gonda vegetable on meatballs characteristics and get a comparison of mackerel with specific gonda vegetable that can produce meatballs with the best characteristics. This study uses a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with treatment that is the comparison of mackerel with gonda vegetable consisting of 6 levels: 100%: 0%; 95%: 5%; 90%: 10%; 85%: 15%; 80%: 20%; 75%: 25%. Each treatment was repeated 3 times so that obtained 18 units. The data is then analyzed by analysis of variance and if the treatment influences the proposed variable then it is continued by Duncan. The results showed that the comparison of mackerel and gonda vegetable had a very significant effect on water content, ash content, fat content, protein content, carbohydrate content, total chlorophyll content, antioxidant capacity, color (scoring), texture, aroma, overall acceptance and no significant effect for texture, aroma and taste. Comparison of 80% mackerel and 20% gonda vegetables had the best characteristics, with 62.99% water content, 1.56% ash content, 1.28% fat content, 8.75% protein content, 25.43% carbohydrate content, 18.39% total chlorophyll content, antioxidant capacity 25.63%. Sensory properties obtained are color (rather green, rather like), texture (rather like), flavor (liked) and overall acceptance (like).

scholarly journals The Effect of Organic Fertilizers on Growth and Yield of Water Spinach (Ipomoea reptans Poir)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Selvia Dewi Pohan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Water Spinach ◽  
Total Chlorophyll Content

Water spinach (Ipomoea reptans Poir) had been identified as a nutritious vegetable with high demand in Indonesia. Besides, this plant also has been evidenced to play an important role in environmental cleaning as phytoremediator. The study about the effect of organic fertilizers on the growth and yield of water spinach (Ipomoea reptans Poir) has been conducted in the Green House of Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Medan. The study aims to investigate the most effective type of fertilizers and the dose for water spinach’s (Ipomoea reptans Poir) growth and yield. A Completely Randomized Factorial Design was designed for the experiment with two factors and three repetitions. The first factor is the type of fertilizer (chicken manure, cow manure, and compost), and the second factor is the dose of the fertilizer (1:1, 2:1, and 3:1). The parameters such as plant height, number of shoots, number of leaves, fresh weight, dry weight, leaf’s total chlorophyll content, and water content were measured to evaluate plant growth and yield. The General Linear Model used SPSS 21 programs was applied to analyze the collected data. Study results revealed that cow manure increased plant growth and yield significantly with dose 2:1 as the finest treatment, followed by dose 3:1. Cow manure also increased total chlorophyll content (8.0574c mg. L-1), with the most suitable dose was 2:1 (8.2807 mg. L-1). The plant’s water content tended to be high in chicken manure (93%), and the lower water content was in cow manure with dose 3:1 (87.5%).

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