scholarly journals Effect of Dietary Cation-Anion Difference on Milk Composition and Blood Mineral Status of Peripartum Buffaloes

2020 ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
R. N. Patel ◽  
P. C. Lailer ◽  
. Vipin ◽  
P. K. Soni ◽  
K. Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Magnesium Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mineral Concentration ◽  
Milk Fever ◽  
Calcium Status

This study aimed to determine the effect of diet formulated to provide prepartum (DCAD= -749.16 mEq/head/day) and postpartum (DCAD = 1473.56 mEq/head/day) by feeding 90 g of an anionic and 120 g cationic salt respectively, on blood mineral concentration, health, postpartum milk production and composition in buffaloes. Twenty multiparous buffaloes were enrolled 21 days before expected calving date and divided into two groups. The treatment group with 10 cows received anionic rations for - 21 day to parturition and cationic ration from parturition to +21 days, while the control group was fed a usual ration. Postpartum incidences of milk fever, dystocia, retention of placenta, mastitis as well as weekly data of milk production, and milk composition were recorded. Plasma samples obtained at days -21, -10, -1, +1, +10 and +21 relative to calving were analyzed for calcium and magnesium. Magnesium concentration was increased with reduced prepartum Dietary Cation-Anion Difference (DCAD) in the diet value being 2.77±0.13 mg/dl and 3.15±0.12 mg/dl for the control and treatment group respectively, one day before calving. Calcium concentration was significantly higher (P<0.05) just one day before calving and it further higher (P<0.001) at 1, 10 and 21 days after calving in the treatment group as compared to the control group. Considerable reduction in per cent incidence of parturient paresis (10.0 vs. 20.0), and prolapse (0.0 vs. 10.0) was observed treatment group as compared to the control group. The DCAD concentration had no effect on milk yield, protein, lactose and fat corrected milk, but postpartum milk fat was significantly increased by the treatment. It may be concluded that by altering DCAD of the diet can increase postpartum milk fat with benefits in calcium status and reduced disease incidence without negatively affecting performance in periparturient buffaloes.

Accessing drop in milk production in cattle due to cold climate and subsequent nutrient amelioration in temperate Kashmir

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ovais Aarif ◽  
Z. A. Pampori ◽  
Dilruba Hasin ◽  
Aasif A Sheikh ◽  
Irfan A. Sheikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Live Stock ◽  
Normal Feeding ◽  
The Difference

The preliminary study to quantify the drop in milk production in cattle due to cold climate and subsequent nutritional amelioration in temperate Kashmir where the temperature in the winter months ranges from -4 to 10 0C was conducted at Mountain Live stock Research Institute (MLRI), SKUAST-Kashmir and in various dairy farms in the vicinity. In the treatment group, the animals were provided with 150 grams of jaggery and 200 grams of crushed fenugreek daily in addition to normal feeding schedule. The data regarding milk yield and associated parameters were compared between winter (December to February) and spring (March to May) months. The milk yield was recorded daily for 15 days and then presented as an average. The average milk yield in treatment group (6.41±0.53 kg) was significantly (p than 0.05) higher as compared to control group (4.48±0.21 kg) in the winter months. Similarly, the milk yield in the spring months was higher in treatment group (9.12±0.22 kg) as compared to control group (8.68±0.23 kg) but the difference was statistically non-significant. No significant changes were observed in milk composition in winter and spring months in both control and treatment groups. The overall milk production in the treatment group (7.76±0.49 kg) was significantly (p than 0.05) higher in comparison to control (6.58±0.39 kg). Prolactin was higher in treatment group in both winter and spring months but the difference was significant (p than 0.05) in winter months (7.20±0.38 and 5.67±0.13 ng/ml) only. Similarly, growth hormone in treatment group (5.53±0.16 ng/ml) was significantly higher as compared to control group (3.34±0.16 ng/ml) in winter months. Cortisol concentration was significantly (p than 0.05) higher in control group (33.04±0.27 ng/ml) as compared to treatment group (24.33±1.84 ng/ml) in winter months.

The Effect of Concentrate Type and Supplementary Lactic Acid or Soya-Oil on Milk Production in Dairy Cows Offered Restricted or Extensively Fermented Grass Silages

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 38-38
Author(s):  
J G Doherty ◽  
C S Mayne
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Single Strain ◽  
High Fibre ◽  
Soyabean Meal ◽  
High Starch ◽  
Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids

Several studies have shown increased silage dry-matter intake (SDMI) and improved milk fat concentrations in dairy cows offered restricted fermented grass silages compared to more extensively fermented silages. A recent study suggested that differences in silage intakeper serather than an alteration in rumen fermentation may be responsible for the changes in milk composition observed in the previous studies (Doherty and Mayne, 1993). The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of changes in concentrate composition on milk production parameters in dairy cows offered grass silages of contrasting fermentation type.Two direct cut grass silages were prepared using either an inoculant, containing a single strain ofLactobacillus plantarum, (Ecosyl, 3 1/t fresh weight, Zeneca Products Ltd) or a mixture of aliphatic carboxylic acids (Maxgrass, 6 1/t fresh weight, BP Chemicals Ltd). Two concentrates (high starch or high fibre) were formulated containing either: barley, 300; wheat, 355; and soyabean-meal, 270 g/kg (high starch) or unmolassed sugar-beet pulp, 555; citrus pulp, 100; and soyabean-meal, 270 g/kg (high fibre).

Production responses of dairy cows grazing well-managed kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum) pastures to energy and protein supplementation

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 763 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Reeves ◽  
WJ Fulkerson ◽  
RC Kellaway
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Pennisetum Clandestinum ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Production Response

Three studies were conducted to examine the production response of Friesian cows grazing well-managed lukuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum) pasture to supplementation with a cereal grain concentrate, with and without the inclusion of formaldehyde-treated protein meal. Mean (¦ s.e.) levels of nutrients in the pasture (g/kg DM) on offer were: 205 ¦ 3 crude protein; 683 ¦ 7 in vitro organic matter digestibility; 239 ¦ 2 acid detergent fibre; 615 ¦ 8 neutral detergent fibre and 4.47 ¦ 0.16, 2.51 ¦ 0.06, 31.96 ¦ 0.98, 0.39 ¦ 0.03 and 3.18 ¦ 0.09 of calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium and magnesium, respectively. Study 1 was a 3-farmlet study conducted over 45 days (March-April 1993) involving cows 5-6 months into lactation, which compared 3 levels of concentrate feeding at 0 (R0), 3 (R3) or 6 (R6) kg crushed barley/cow.day. Study 2 was an 18-day extension of study 1 with animals in the seventh month of lactation. The concentrate fed was 72% barley and 24% formaldehyde-treated sunflower meal. Pasture intake of individual cows was determined using an alkane technique. Mean milk yields (L/cow. day) in study 1 were 14.2, 18.3 and 18.0, and in study 2 were 12.5, 18.5 and 17.4 for treatments R0, R3 and R6, respectively. Milk fat (3.77 v. 3.26%), but not milk protein, content of the Ro cows was significantly higher than R6 cows in study 1 only. In study 2, the apparent whole-diet digestibility remained constant as concentrate level rose, indicating a negative effect of concentrate fed on forage digestibility in the absence of buffers. Study 3 was a 3 x 4 factorial design plus a 'control' group (0.5 kg barley/cow.day used as a carrier for minerals) to examine the milk production response to 3 levels of concentrate feeding (3, 6 and 9 kg/cow.day) with 4 levels of formaldehyde-treated canola meal (FTCM; 0, 20, 40 and 60% of concentrate). Rations were iso-energetic within levels of concentrates fed. The control group had significantly lower milk production (17.2 L/cow.day), as well as milk protein (2.90%), plasma urea (PU) (5.90 mmol/L) and P-hydroxybutyrate (G-OHB) (0.525 mmo1L) than other treatment groups. The mean milk production response of 0.6 L milk/kg concentrate fed in study 3 at the 3 kg/day level of feeding was lower than observed in studies 1 and 2 (1.4 and 2.0 L/kg concentrate, respectively). The level of metabolisable energy in the concentrate in study 3 had a significant influence on milk production, milk fat and milk protein levels. Plasma glucose and G-OHB levels significantly increased with the incorporation of FTCM into the concentrate. Nonesterified fatty acid levels dropped significantly below levels of other treatments at the lowest level of inclusion of FTCM. PU levels generally increased in response to increasing metabolisable energy and inclusion of FTCM in the concentrate, with an interaction between them. Milk urea (MU) levels (mmol/L) showed a significant linear (P<0.001; r2 = 0.44) relationship to PU levels (mmol/L) as follows: MU = 0.167 + 0.272PU.

scholarly journals Effect of Using Different Rations in Nutrition of High-Productive Cows on Milk Quantity and Quality

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Goce Cilev ◽  
Živko Gacovski ◽  
Biljana Petrovska ◽  
Jovan Stojković
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Daily Production ◽  
Group I ◽  
Production Increase ◽  
High Level ◽  
Experimental Group

This paper shows the results of production and chemical compo­sition of cow’s milk on a farm MILKO-HF, Prilep, R. Macedonia with capacity of 100 cows of Holstein-Frisian breed divided into two groups (control and experimental). In control group I which was fed in a standard way of nutrition (ration used on the farm), average daily production of milk per cow ws 22.49 kg with the following chemical composition of milk: average daily content of milk fat is 3.75%, protein 3.57%, lactose 4.65%, nonfat dry matter 9.56% and total dry matter 13.31%. In experimental group II which were fed with the ration according to normatives, average daily production of milk per cow is 24.04 kg with the following chemical composition of milk: average daily content of milk fat is 3.99%, protein 3.57%, lactose 4.65%, non-fat dry matter 9.58% and total dry matter 13.57%. The obtained results show the increase in milk production for 1.55 kg-6.89% and better chemical composition of milk in the experimental group of cows. Thus, dry matter was increased from 13.31% to 13.57%-1.95%, milk fat content from 3.75% to 3.99%-6.4%, nonfat dry matter from 9.56% to 9.58%-0.21%, while the content of protein and lactose stayed on equal level. It was determined that the normed nutrition has influenced on production increase and better chemical composition of milk without unnecessary spent high level of nutrient i.e. nutrition of cows according to recommended normative.

The efficacy of feeding a live probiotic yeast, Yea-Sacc®, on the performance of lactating dairy cows

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Tristant ◽  
C. A. Moran
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Target Dose ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Farm Model ◽  
The Impact

SummaryThe following trial was conducted to evaluate the impact of feeding Yea-Sacc® (YS; Alltech Inc, USA), a zootechnical feed additive based on a live probiotic strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, to lactating dairy cows over a 12 week period. Sixty-four primiparous and multiparous Holstein dairy cows, grouped to give similar range of parity, physiological and milk production stages, were selected for the study. Cows were equally allocated to either a control feed group or a diet supplemented with YS (32 cows per treatment). The test diet was formulated to include YS (Yea-Sacc® Farm Pak) incorporated in the total mixed ration (TMR), supplying a target dose of 5 × 107 CFU/kg feed dry matter (DM). This target dose delivered 1 × 109 CFU/cow/day, for a cow consuming 20 kg feed (DM basis) daily. Each cow was considered a replicate unit. Cows were fed a nutritionally adequate total TMR plus hay and a supplementary protein/energy concentrate (calculated according to milk yield) for 12 weeks, supplied once a day after the morning milking. Weigh backs of feed were recorded daily, with refusals being maintained at 3% of the total intake. During the 12 week study period, YS had significant beneficial effects on milk production (+0.8 kg/day; P = 0.003), energy corrected milk production (+1.4 kg/day; P < 0.0001), synthesis of milk protein (+36 g/day; P = 0.001), milk protein content (+0.3 g/kg; P = 0.009), and milk urea content (−0.09 mg/l; P = 0.004). The synthesis of milk fat was similar between treatments but milk fat content was lower for the YS group compared to the control group (−1.1 g/kg; P = 0.0002). Lactose content was always higher (+0.8 g/kg; P < 0.0001) for the YS group, indicating enhanced energy utilisation. In general, the effect of YS was higher during the first study period (one to seven weeks), when cows were in early lactation and the production potential was higher. YS cows produced significantly more milk during the study, and an additional 220 kg milk per cow was sold from this group from the output measured from the beginning of the study to two weeks post-trial. However, the statistical analysis including the post-study period did not show a significant effect. The 305-day simulated milk production was higher for the YS group (+400 kg/cow) but again the difference was not significant. In conclusion, YS at a target dose of 5 × 107 CFU/kg DM improved milk production and milk quality in healthy dairy cows. In addition, when the data were included in a whole-farm model, feeding YS reduced methane emissions by 4%, reduced the number of animals required for the desired milk production by 4% and increased overall farm margins by 1.4%.

Effect of royal jelly on milk composition and blood biochemical parameters in lactating ewes

2019 ◽  
Vol 157 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-181
Author(s):  
Mahmoud S. El-Tarabany ◽  
Akram A. El-Tarabany ◽  
Mostafa A. Atta ◽  
Omar A. Ahmed-Farid ◽  
Mohamed M. Mostafa
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Biochemical

AbstractUse of antibiotics as feed additives has been reduced to avoid the hazard of drug residues, and consequently, the search for alternative natural additives has developed. Thus, the aim was to evaluate the influence of royal jelly (RJ) supplementation on milk composition, blood biochemical and antioxidant parameters of lactating ewes. Thirty-six Ossimi ewes were divided randomly into two groups (18 animals each). For a period of 4 weeks, the control group (CON) was fed a basal diet only, while the other group was fed the basal diet and supplemented with a single bolus of RJ (1000 mg/head). The RJ-supplemented ewes produced significantly higher milk protein, fat and total solids than the CON group. The RJ group had a significantly higher red blood cell count, haemoglobin content, haematocrit value and total leucocyte counts, but lower neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio when compared with the control treatment. The RJ group showed significantly higher concentrations of total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione in the serum compared with the control treatment. In conclusion, RJ supplements can improve the nutritive value of milk fat and the serum antioxidant activities in lactating ewes.

Effect of administration of rumen fungi on production performance of lactating buffaloes

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Saxena ◽  
J. Sehgal ◽  
A. Puniya ◽  
K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Group I ◽  
Lactating Buffaloes ◽  
Group Ii

Anaerobic fungi were orally dosed to lactating buffaloes to study their effect on the digestibility of a diet (composed of 50% wheat straw and 50% concentrate along with six kg maize green/animal/day), rumen fermentation patterns and milk production. Group I (control) was administered with fungus-free anaerobic broth, while group II and III were administered with Orpinomyces sp. C-14 or Piromyces sp. WNG-12 (250 ml; 3-5 days of growth/animal/ week), respectively. Milk production was higher in group II and III (8.42 and 8.48 kg/d) than in the control (8.03 kg/d) with virtually the same feed intake (i.e. 11.50 and 10.62 and 11.79 kg, respectively). There was an increase of 6% fat-corrected milk yield/animal/day in group II and III, respectively compared to the control. The milk fat was higher in the fungal culture administered groups than in the control group. The digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, cellulose and digestible energy also increased significantly in group II and III. The pH and ammonia nitrogen were lower, whereas total volatile fatty acids, total nitrogen, trichloroacid precipitable nitrogen and number of zoospores/ml of rumen liquor were higher in group II and III when compared to the control. Hence, it can be stated that rumen fungi can be used as a direct-fed microbial in lactating buffaloes, to enhance the digestibility of wheat straw based diets leading to higher production.

scholarly journals Effect of zeolite on the chemical composition of milk from Serbian spotted dairy cattle

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 993-1000
Author(s):  
R. Djokovic ◽  
Z. Ilic ◽  
M.P. Petrovic ◽  
S. Pesev ◽  
B. Ristanovic
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Livestock Feed ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Specific Trait

Milk yield and milk chemical composition are largely affected by the quality of dairy cattle diet. The chemical composition of milk is dependent upon a large number of factors, including breed, diet, care, housing system, stage of lactation, etc. Milk composition is primarily a breed-specific trait. This study was conducted over a period of 15 months, involving Serbian Spotted dairy cattle. The experimental animals were assigned to three groups, each receiving different levels of supplemental zeolite. The control group comprised cows that received no zeolite supplement. Experimental Groups I and II were fed compound feeds supplemented with 4% and 2% zeolite, respectively. Milk samples were analysed for the contents of milk fat, proteins, fat-free solids and lactose, and density. The results obtained suggest that zeolite supplementation affects milk chemical composition, depending on the zeolite level present in livestock feed.

scholarly journals Milk production in Saanen goats treated with repeated low doses of intermediate-release insulin during early lactation

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Bezerra de Menezes ◽  
Maria Gorete Flores Salles ◽  
Cleidson Manoel Gomes da Silva ◽  
César Carneiro Linhares Fernandes ◽  
Giovanna Galeati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Subcutaneous Administration ◽  
Repeated Administration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Intermediate Acting Insulin

ABSTRACT: The effect of insulin administration on the productive responses of Saanen goats during early lactation was investigated. Ten of 20 adult females were subjected to subcutaneous administration of intermediate-acting insulin (0.14UI/kg body weight) at 2, 9, and 14 days postpartum. Milk yield was measured twice daily for 13 weeks and milk samples were collected to measure protein and fat contents. Plasma levels of progesterone, insulin, non-esterifies fatty acids, glucose and other metabolites were measured. Results showed a significantly increased effect of insulin treatment on the content of milk fat and protein; moreover, milk production in the first and second postpartum weeks were higher than control group. The peak of lactation in the insulin group was achieved one week earlier in comparison to the control group. In addition, the milk production rate showed lower persistency (milk yield 13 week/milk yield at peak) in the same group. During the first four weeks of postpartum, treated animals showed greater weight loss and higher non-esterified fatty acid concentration, whereas no effect was observed on the concentration of progesterone and other metabolites. The above results indicated that repeated administration of insulin in dairy goats during early lactation increase yield and qualitative components of milk, but has substantial consequences on animal productive rate and metabolic response.

scholarly journals Reducing the incidence of acute puerperal metritis in primiparous cows by application of pegbovigrastim in a Holstein dairy herd

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 151-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Freick ◽  
M. Zenker ◽  
O. Passarge ◽  
J. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Neutrophil Function ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Neutrophil ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Relative Reduction ◽  
Beneficial Effects

In dairy cows, immunosuppression occurs frequently during the periparturient period and is characterised by transient neutropenia and impaired polymorphonuclear neutrophil function. As a consequence, postpartum cows are more susceptible to production-related diseases such as mastitis, retained foetal membranes and metritis. Recently, it has been shown that a double injection with recombinant bovine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor covalently bound to polyethylene glycol (PEG rbG-CSF) increased polymorphonuclear neutrophil number and the exocytosis of myeloperoxidase by stimulating polymorphonuclear neutrophil, which also played a role in innate uterine immune defence. The aim of this randomised clinical study was to investigate the effects of two periparturient PEG rbG-CSF injections (IMR; Imrestor<sup>TM</sup>, Elanco Animal Health, Bad Homburg/Germany) on the incidence of acute puerperal metritis, number of antibiotic doses required for treatment of acute puerperal metritis as well as parameters of milking performance (i.e., milk yield, milk fat, milk protein, and somatic cell count on the first dairy herd improvement test day) in primiparous cows within a dairy herd with an elevated incidence of acute puerperal metritis. In total, 169 heavily pregnant heifers were randomly assigned to the treatment group (IMR: n = 82) who received 15 mg PEG rbG-CSF subcutaneously 10 ± 3 days before the anticipated calving date and within 24 hours after calving, or to the untreated control group (Co: n = 87). In total, data from 157 animals (IMR: n = 75, Co: n = 82) were analysed. Administration of PEG rbG-CSF reduced the incidence of acute puerperal metritis in primiparous cows significantly (IMR: 22.7%, Co: 43.9%, P = 0.003; relative reduction: 48.3%). Moreover, the number of antibiotic doses per calving required for treatment of acute puerperal metritis was significantly lower in the pegbovigastrim group (IMR: 0.32 ± 0.66, Co: 0.59 ± 0.75, P = 0.005). No significant differences regarding incidence of clinical mastitis, milk production or milk composition were observed. These results suggest that further research should be performed to identify herd- and animal-specific factors that can be predictors of the beneficial effects of pegbovigrastim in preventing uterine diseases.

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