scholarly journals Tetrapleura tetraptera Extract Inhibited Luteinizing Hormone and Estrogen Secretion in Clomiphene Citrate Treated Female Wistar Albino Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
E. O. Agbai ◽  
C. O. Nwanegwo ◽  
C. J. Njoku ◽  
P. C. Onyebuagu ◽  
J. Ekezie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Clomiphene Citrate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Pituitary Cells ◽  
Progesterone Secretion ◽  
Tetrapleura Tetraptera ◽  
Group A ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Group D

Tetrapleura tetraptera stem bark has been reported to cause inhibition of luteinizing hormone release in cultured rat pituitary cells. Hence, we investigated the effects of Tetraptera tetrapleura pod extract on follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, cortisol, progesterone and estrogen. Thirty non-pregnant female wistar albino rats were divided into group A - D. Group A rats were used as Control. Group B rats were administered 1 mg/kg/day of clomiphene citrate orally. Group C rats were administered 200 mg/kg of extract only, whereas group D rats were administered 1 mg/kg /day of Clomiphene citrate plus 200 mg/kg of extract. At the end of 14 days experiment, group A, B and D were found in proestrus phase and group C in diestrus phase. FSH and cortisol levels remained unchanged. Group C and D rats produced significant reduction (P < 0.05) in LH and estrogen levels in prolonged proestrus and normal diestrus respectively. Progesterone level was significantly high (P < 0.05) in the group C rats. The reduced LH level could be due to the anti-estrogenic effect of extract during proestrus when LH secretion is expected to surge. But co-administration resulted in high progesterone secretion, suggesting extract may have influenced progesterone secretion in group D rats simultaneously administered with clomiphene citrate and extract. The above findings indicated that Tetrapleura tetraptera pod extracts inhibited luteinizing hormone and estrogen even when co-administered with clomiphene citrate.

scholarly journals Histological Changes in Proximal and Distal Convoluted Tubules of Kidney of Albino Rats after Exposure to Mosquito Coil Smoke Inhalation

Esculapio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4 (oct 2020 - dec 2020)) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazia Siddique ◽  
Masooma Ahmed ◽  
Maria Ilyas ◽  
Rukhsana Jabeen ◽  
Abdul Hannan Jawad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Smoke Inhalation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Mosquito Coil ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Group A ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Group B ◽  
Convoluted Tubules

Objective: To evaluate the effects of the mosquito coil smoke (MCS) inhalation on histology of proximal (PCT) and distal (DCT) convoluted tubules of kidney in Wistar Albino rats. Methods: This study was approved by the Ethical Committee of PGMI, Lahore. 24 Wistar rats were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups, each containing eight animals. Group A was control; Group B and C were experimental groups and were exposed to mosquito coil smoke inhalation for 8 hours/day for two and four weeks respectively. Kidney tissue of albino rats was dissected, examined and analyzed histologically. Results: The results of MCS inhalation in histological sections of group B and C showed marked cellular necrosis and vacuolization in PCT (proximal convoluted tubule) of the kidney as compared to the group A. protein cast was absent in PCT of all groups. DCT (distal convoluted tubules) in group B and C showed marked necrosis, vacuolization and protein cast. Necrosis was more marked in group C treated with mosquito coil smoke for 4 weeks. Conclusion: The results indicate that pyrethroids in mosquito coil smoke though considered least toxic pesticides, are very harmful. Exposure of pyrethroids can induce adverse changes in tubules of kidney. Key Words: MCS Mosquito Coil Smoke, Pyrethroids, PCT Proximal convoluted tubules, DCT Distal convoluted tubules. How to Cite: Siddique N, Ahmed M, Ilyas M, Jabeen R, Jawad A.H, Iqbal Z. histological changes in proximal and distal convoluted tubules of kidney of albino rats after exposure to mosquito coil smoke inhalation. Esculapio.2020;16(04):87-91.

scholarly journals Assessment of Laser Biostimulation in Induction of Ovulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 1193-1198
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. El-Nourya ◽  
Mahmoud B. El-Begawyb ◽  
Mona E. Morsyc ◽  
Ehab M. Al Sherbiny
Keyword(s):  
Clomiphene Citrate ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Serum Estradiol ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Induction Of Ovulation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Conventional Medical Therapy ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

AIM: This study aimed to evaluate a new modality of low power laser biostimulation in rat ovaries, in comparison with the conventional medical therapy by clomiphene citrate that depends on up-regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis to induce ovulation.STUDY DESIGN: A Prospective experimental study carried out from January 2014 to February 2016.SETTING: University-based photobiology laboratory.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-two (72) Female-Wistar Albino rats were used in this study, divided into three groups: 17 rats used as a control group, 19 rats received clomiphene citrate (Clomid group), 36 rats exposed to diode laser 660 nm wavelength (laser group).RESULTS: Biochemical assessment of serum Estradiol and serum Progesterone was done in the three study groups. Serum Estradiol & Progesterone levels were statistically significantly higher in clomiphene and laser treated groups than non-interventional controls, while no significant difference between clomiphene and laser groups as regard of both hormones.CONCLUSION: This study shows that ovarian laser biostimulation is a new encouraging method for induction of ovulation, at least in animals. This had been proven biochemically by a significant increase in serum Estradiol and serum Progesterone.

scholarly journals Comparative Gastro-Protective Effects of Nigella sativa (Kalojira) and Omeprazole against Aspirin Induced Gastric Ulcer in Albino Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Nashid Sultana ◽  
Md Ismail Khan ◽  
Nasim Ahmed ◽  
Md Shakil Akhter ◽  
Azmary Momtaz
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Aqueous Suspension ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

Background: Nigella sativa seeds have been in use as a natural remedy for over thousands of years in various parts of the world. These seeds are reported to have beneficial effects almost on every system of the body.Objective: To evaluate the gastro-protective effect of Nigella sativa on aspirin induced gastric ulcer with comparison to omeprazole.Materials and method: This experimental study was carried out in the department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh in collaboration with the department of Pathology, Delta Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh. A total number of 30 healthy albino rats were used in this study. The experiment was divided into 2 parts: Experiment-1 and Experiment-2. Experiment-1 comprised of 12 rats: Group-A and Group-B having 6 rats in each group. Ulcer was produced by administration of aqueous suspension of aspirin (200 mg/kg body wt) in Group-B where Group-A served as control and was provided with normal saline (2 ml/kg body wt). All the rats were sacrificed after 4 hrs to confirm gastric ulcer by histopathology. Experiment-2 comprised of 18 rats: Group-C, Group-D and Group-E having 6 rats in each group. Group-C served as disease control group and provided with normal saline (2 ml/kg body wt). Group-D was provided with alcoholic extract of Nigella sativa (150 mg/kg body wt) and Group-E was provided with omeprazole suspension (20 mg/kg body wt). After 8 days of treatment, animals were fasted for 24 hrs. Then aqueous suspension of aspirin (200 mg/kg body wt) was administered and after 4 hrs all rats were sacrificed. Gross and microscopic examinations were performed to evaluate the results.Results: Aspirin caused marked gastric damage in negative control group which was prevented in omeprazole suspension and Nigella sativa extract treated groups significantly. The protective effect was maximum with omeprazole followed by alcoholic extract of Nigella sativa.Conclusion: Alcoholic extract of Nigella sativa showed significant protection against aspirin induced gastric ulcer in rats as compared to omeprazole.Delta Med Col J. Jul 2016 4(2): 61-66

scholarly journals Study of Sub-Acute Toxicity Profile of Fenugreek (Trigonellafaenum-Graecum) Seeds in Kidney Tissues of Albino Rat: A Randomized Control Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
Sefa Sarwath Alam ◽  
Ashish Kumar Mazumder ◽  
Rasheda Akhter ◽  
Selim Md Jahangir
Keyword(s):  
Dose Level ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Toxicity Profile ◽  
Fenugreek Seeds ◽  
Group A ◽  
Recovery Group ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

Background : The objective of the present study was to evaluate the sub-acute toxic effects of ethanol extract of fenugreek seeds on kidney tissues of albino rats. Materials and methods: The present study was conducted on 30 albino rats divided into Group A, B, C, D and R. Group A (Control group) was treated with distilled water. Group B, Group C and Group D were treated orally with ethanol extract of fenugreek seeds at a dose of 1.25 gm/kg/day, 2.5 gm/kg/day and 5 gm/kg/day respectively for 90 consecutive days. Group R (Recovery group) was treated with seed extract of 5 gm/kg/day for 90 days followed by no treatment for next 28 days to observe any toxic effect if present in highest dose whether reversible or not. On 91st day all the animals of Group A, Group B, Group C and Group D were sacrificed and Group R was sacrificed on 119th day. Blood sample was collected from all the rats by cardiac puncture before sacrifice for measurement of biochemical and hematological parameters, and kidneys were collected for histopathological examination after sacrifice. Results: Upto 2.5 gm /kg/day dose level, all parameters of all experimental groups were statistically not significant when compared with control group. At 5 gm/kg/ day dose level the seeds extract produced statistically significant change in biochemical parameters such as serum creatinine and blood urea. In gross microscopic examination of kidney, at the highest dose level showed the sign of cell injury like cellular swelling, hemorrhage, inflammatory cells infiltration, necrosis etc. Interestingly, these biochemical and microscopic findings at the highest dose level were absent in recovery group. Conclusion: Finally, the study revealed that ethanol extract of fenugreek seeds was non toxic up to 2.5 gm/kg/day dose level and produce renal toxicity at 5 gm/kg/day dose level in sub acute toxicity test. So, if needed to use in higher therapeutic dose the toxicity profile of seeds extract must be re-evaluated. Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.18 (1); Jan 2019; Page 36-43

scholarly journals Influence of Low Carbohydrate High Fat Ketogenic Diets on Renal and Liver Parameters

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
B. O. Eiya ◽  
R. O. Aikpitanyi-iduitua
Keyword(s):  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Ketogenic Diets ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Liver Parameters ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

In recent times the use of high fat ketogenic diet as a treatment strategy in some diseases and weight control has been on the increase. This study aims to elucidate the effect of high fat ketogenic diet on some renal and liver parameters. Forty albino rats were used and divided into four groups. Group A was control; B, C, and D were fed with diets including butter, coconut oil and olive oil respectively for eight weeks. Urine and serum samples were assayed spectrophotometrically. There was a significant difference in urinary albumin (0.13&plusmn;0.01g/dl) of group D when compared with control (0.22 &plusmn; 0.03g/dl). Urinary creatinine concentrations of group D (4.32&plusmn;0.70mg/dl) was higher than group C (1.75&plusmn;0.46 mg/dl). Urea of group B (39.40&plusmn;4.70 mg/dl), group C (29.90&plusmn;1.46 mg/dl) and group D (40.20&plusmn;2.62mg/dl) were lower than control group (64.20&plusmn;3.41mg/dl). Serum creatinine concentrations of group B (1.05&plusmn;0.09mg/dl), group C (0.85&plusmn;0.07lmg/dl) and group D (1.03&plusmn;0.07 mg/dl) were reduced significantly. Albumin: creatinine ratio of group A (120.6&plusmn;32.04) was higher than that of group D (41.31&plusmn;8.28). AST (260.1&plusmn;17.80) was higher in group C compared with A (160.1&plusmn; 9.510). ALT for D (91.20&plusmn;18.70), group A (36.00&plusmn;3.84), serum albumin concentrations of group D (3.590&plusmn;0.1286), group C (3.590&plusmn;0.1286) and group A (4.100&plusmn;0.1814). Total protein concentration of group C (5.390&plusmn;0.2105), D (5.280&plusmn; 0.1104) and group A (6.190&plusmn;0.2496g). Body weight of experimental groups reduced while the control groups increased. This study has confirmed that high fat ketogenic diet can be used for weight management however it could be harmful to the liver but did not show any harmful effects on the kidneys.

scholarly journals Effects of Sub-acute Oral Administration of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Byrsocarpus coccineus on Haematology and Serum Biochemical Parameters of Wistar Albino Rats.

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
G. M. Oladele
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Anaesthetized Rats ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Group D ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract

Byrsocarpus coccineus is an indigenous herb widely dispersed in tropical Africa and commonly known as Crimson thyme. The leaf and root of the plant is noted to possess medicinal benefits in traditional medicine of the Western part of Nigeria. The plant has been reported to possess analgesic, antiplasmodial, inflammatory, antidiarrhic and antipyretic activities. The present study was therefore aimed at determining the sub-acute toxicity of ethanolic leaf extract of Byrsocarpus coccineus. The ethanolic leaf extract of the plant was administered orally at 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg to three groups A, B and C of Wistar rats respectively for 14 days while the control group D was administered orally with 3ml/kg of distilled water. Blood samples were then obtained from the anaesthetized rats for haematology and serum biochemistry. The result obtained from serum analyses showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in the levels of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels while the increase in alkaline phosphatase is not significant for the treated groups B and C compared with the control. It was therefore concluded that high doses of the extract may have untoward effects on the kidney and therefore, the use of the plant extract in high doses should be discouraged.

Effect of Propolis-Supplemented Diet on Body Composition and Endocrine Function of Adipose Tissue

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-221
Author(s):  
Maria Jesús Lisbona-González ◽  
Candela Reyes-Botella ◽  
Esther Muñoz-Soto ◽  
Maria Victoria Olmedo-Gaya, ◽  
Jorge Moreno-Fernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ and has central role in interaction with other organs or tissues while propolis can induce lipolysis. Therefore, the aim of this study is to provide detailed information about adipose tissue homeostasis modifications and body composition during propolis supplement consumption. Twenty male Wistar albino rats (8 weeks) were divided into two groups of 10 animals each and fed for 90 days with two different types of diets: standard for the control group (diet C) and standard diet + 2% propolis (diet P). Thyroid hormones did not show differences, while ghrelin and adiponectin decreased in the group that was fed propolis. Insulin, leptin, and non-esterified fatty acids also increased along with reduced body weight and fat, in addition to increased lean mass when propolis was in the diet. We conclude that propolis could decrease ghrelin and adiponectin but increase non-esterified fatty acids and insulin secretion, which improves body composition.

Hepatoprotective Role of Propolis Extract to Prevent Hepatotoxic Effects of ATT in patients with Tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 2867-2869
Author(s):  
Asma Arshad ◽  
Saira Munawar ◽  
Rabia Sajjad Toor ◽  
Saba Saleem ◽  
Kanwal Sharif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Dose ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
P Value ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Propolis Extract ◽  
Measured Weight ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

Objective: The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of propolis in hepatocytes injury caused by ATT due to isoniazid and rifampicin. Methods: Healthy albino rats of with average weight of 200-250g were under this study. These rats dividing into main four groups, A group is taken a control group and then further into the group B, group C, and group D as group for experiments. The control group had 15 rats with measured weight, they were given distilled water. Group B had 15 rats, they were given with standard dose of rifampicin and isoniazid. Group c had 15 rats, they were also given with standard dose of rifampicin and isoniazid. Group D had 15 rats, they were given with standard dose of rifampicin and isoniazid and also extract of the propolis we prepared. Results: Serum ALT in the experimental group B with group C, group D were also found to be of statistically significant with p-value < 0.001. ALT serum level observed high in group B. Multiple comparison between groups revealed that group B with a significantly increase in the serum enzyme AST level in comparison to group A, group C and group D with p-value <0.001. Conclusion: This study showed that ethanolic extract of propolis prevents isoniazid and rifampicin induced hepatotoxicity in the albino rats. Key words; Propolis, Anti-tuberculosis treatment, Hepato-toxicity.

To Study the Deteriorating Effects of Lithium Carbonate on Thyroid Gland - A Study in Albino Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 3292-3293
Author(s):  
Tazeen Kohari ◽  
Zaffar Iqbal Malik ◽  
Aftab Ahmad ◽  
Rana M. Asad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Lithium Carbonate ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: The human thyroid gland is located in the front of neck. It consists of two lobes. The two lobes are joined with each other by isthmus. The mood stabilizer Lithium Caronate has deleterious effects on the thyroid gland. Aim: To observe and report the data of the harmful effect of Lithium on the weight changes of thyroid gland. Methods: Sixteen rats were selected for this experimental study. The rodents were divided into two groups. Group A comprised of eight animals which were given laboratory diet, Group B contained eight albinos who were given Tablet Lithium Carbonate in powder form at a dose of 60 mg/day for four weeks. After completion of the study time animals were sacrificed and thyroid gland weight were recorded and compared in both groups. Results: The results in both groups were recorded and compared .It was reported that Group B animals had a highly significantly decreased thyroid weight after four weeks Lithium ingestion than Group A control group. Conclusion: The results of our study concluded that Lithium Carbonate damages thyroid glandular tissue and causes its weight to decline. Key words: Thyroid gland, Isthmus, deteriorating

Hypolipidemic effect of prepared Polyherbal formulations in Wistar albino rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 4314-4320
Author(s):  
Ranjan Kumar Giri ◽  
Sunil Kumar Kanungo ◽  
Saroj Kumar Patro ◽  
Minaketan Sahoo ◽  
Dibya Sundar Panda
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Hypolipidemic Effect ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Lipid lowering effect of polyherbal formulations using eight different plants was evaluated in triton and diet induced hyperlipidemic models of wistar albino rats. Formulations such as Tablet, Syrup and Suspension inhibited the elevation in serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels on Triton WR 1339 administration rats. The formulations at the same dose level significantly attenuated the elevated serum total cholesterol and triglycerides with an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats. The standard drug Niacin showed slightly better effects. The treatment with herbal formulations produced 30-35 percentage improvement in oral glucose tolerance. Similarly all the formulations also reduced the elevated C-reactive protein which is a marker of Hyperlipidemia. In histopathological study it was found that treatment of polyherbal formulation significantly reduced the plaque size in aorta compared with HFD treated control group. The outcome of the study reveals the lipid lowering activity of polyherbal formulations in dyslipidaemic conditions by interfering with the biosynthesis of cholesterol and utilization of lipids.

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