scholarly journals Assessment of NaCl-Induced Stress in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Abhishek Kumar ◽  
Khushbu Jain ◽  
Mahesh Kumar ◽  
Md. Shamim ◽  
Jitesh Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
H2o2 Production ◽  
Salt Treatment ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Comparative Response ◽  
Root Tissues

Comparative study about the salt-induced oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation has been realised in primary root tissues for Tomato (Lycopersicon esculantum L.) in order to evaluate their responses to salt stress. Salinity impacts in terms of root growth, H2O2 generation, lipid peroxidation and membrane destabilisation were more pronounced in roots. Salt treatment in form of NaCl was given to the roots of the tomato plants in hydroponics culture. Root length was measured by centimetre scale, H2O2 and lipid peroxidation was confirmed by spectrophotometer. Absorbance for H2O2 estimation was recorded at 480 nm whereas for Lipid peroxidation was done at 600nm. When the tomato plants were treated with different concentrations of NaCl, it was observed that as the concentration of NaCl was increasing, there  was decreased root growth resulting in reduced root length and  proportionate increase in the amount of H2O2  production level with increase in the concentrations of NaCl treatment upto 300mM Concentration and  Significant increase in Lipid peroxidation was observed with the increase in NaCl concentrations upto 500mM Concentration. Comparative response may be helpful in developing a better understanding of tolerance mechanisms to salt stress in Tomato.

scholarly journals Mechanical touch responses of Arabidopsis TCH1-3 mutant roots on inclined hard-agar surface

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guodong Zha ◽  
Bochu Wang ◽  
Junyu Liu ◽  
Jie Yan ◽  
Liqing Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Touch Response ◽  
Agar Surface ◽  
Root Growth And Development ◽  
Touch Stimulus

Abstract The gravity-induced mechanical touch stimulus can affect plant root architecture. Mechanical touch responses of plant roots are an important aspect of plant root growth and development. Previous studies have reported that Arabidopsis TCH1-3 genes are involved in mechano-related events, how-ever, the physiological functions of TCH1-3 genes in Arabidopsis root mechanoresponses remain unclear. In the present study, we applied an inclined hard agar plate method to produce mechanical touch stimulus, and provided evidence that altered mechanical environment could influence root growth. Furthermore, tch1-3 Arabidopsis mutants were investigated on inclined agar surfaces to explore the functions of TCH1-3 genes on Arabidopsis root mechanoresponses. The results showed that two tch2 mutants, cml24-2 and cml24-4, exhibited significantly reduced root length, biased skewing, and decreased density of lateral root. In addition, primary root length and density of lateral root of tch3 (cml12-2) was significantly decreased on inclined agar surfaces. This study indicates that the tch2 and tch3 mutants are hypersensitive to mechanical touch stimulus, and TCH2 (CML24-2 and CML24-4) and TCH3 (CML12-2) genes may participate in the mechanical touch response of Arabidopsis roots.

scholarly journals Peroxidase and lipid peroxidation of soybean roots in response to p-coumaric and p-hydroxybenzoic acids

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Minatovicz F. Doblinski ◽  
Maria de Lourdes L. Ferrarese ◽  
Domitila A. Huber ◽  
Carlos Alberto Scapim ◽  
Alessandro de Lucca e Braccini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Hydroxybenzoic Acids ◽  
Soybean Roots

The scope of the present study was to investigate how the p-coumaric (p-CA) and p-hydroxybenzoic (p-HD) acids affect the peroxidase (POD, EC 1.11.1.7) activity, the lipid peroxidation (LP) and the root growth of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Three-day-old seedlings were cultivated in nutrient solution containing p-CA or p-HD (0.1 to 1 mM) for 48 h. After uptake, both compounds (at 0.5 and 1 mM) decreased root length (RL), fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW) while increased soluble POD activity, cell wall (CW)-bound POD activity (with 1 mM p-CA and 0.5 mM p-HD) and LP.

scholarly journals The effect of salicylic acid and calcium chloride on lipid peroxidation and the scavenging ability on radical of chickpeas (Cicer arietinum) under salt stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-194
Author(s):  
Kobra Mahdavian
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Dpph Radical ◽  
Plant Behaviour

Salinity exerts harmful morphological, physiological, and metabolic effects on plants. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of salicylic acid (SA 0, 0.75 and 1.5 mM) and calcium chloride (CaCl2 0, 50 and 100 mM), singly or in combination, on different morphological and physiological characteristics of chickpeas exposed to salt stress (0, 25 and 75 mM NaCl). The results showed that the addition of SA or Ca alone improved plant behaviour in the presence of NaCl. Also, the shoot and root length, dry weight, chlorophyll and carotenoids decreased under salinity, while malondialdehyde (MDA), the inhibition of DPPH radical, anthocyanine, and proline increased. However, the use of SA and Ca combined increased the shoot and root length and the dry weight, ameliorated the chlorophyll, carotenoids, and reducing sugars, and significantly reduced MDA and the inhibition of DPPH radical in the plants. These studies imply that SA and Ca caused a tolerance to NaCl which may be related to the regulation of antioxidative responses. It may also be suggested that a concentration of 1.5 mM salicylic acid and a concentration of 100 mM calcium are the most suitable concentrations to improve the physiological parameters of chickpeas under salinity conditions. Hence, by regulating the antioxidant system, SA and Ca play this role.

scholarly journals Salt Stress Promotes Abscisic Acid Accumulation to Affect Cell Proliferation and Expansion of Primary Roots in Rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10892
Author(s):  
Yingying Huang ◽  
Jiahao Zhou ◽  
Yuxiang Li ◽  
Ruidang Quan ◽  
Juan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Root Apical Meristem ◽  
Aba Signaling ◽  
Rice Varieties

The primary root is the basic component of the root system and plays a key role in early seedling growth in rice. Its growth is easily affected by environmental cues, such as salt stress. Abscisic acid (ABA) plays an essential role in root development, but the molecular mechanism underlying ABA-regulated root growth in response to salt stress remains poorly understood. In this study, we report that salt stress inhibits primary root elongation and promotes primary root swelling. Moreover, salt stress induces the expression of ABA-responsive genes and ABA accumulation in the primary root, revealing that ABA plays an essential role in salt-modulated root growth. Transgenic lines of OsSAPK10-OE and OsABIL2-OE, which constitutively express OsSAPK10 or OsABIL2, with enhanced or attenuated ABA signaling, show increased and decreased sensitivity to salt, correspondingly. Microscopic analysis indicates that salt and ABA inhibits cell proliferation and promotes cell expansion in the root apical meristem. Transcriptome analysis showed that ABA induces the expression of EXPANSIN genes. Further investigations indicate that ABA exerts these effects largely through ABA signaling. Thus, our findings deepen our understanding of the role of ABA in controlling primary root growth in response to salt stress, and this knowledge can be used by breeders to cultivate rice varieties suitable for saline–alkali land.

Osmotic stress induced root growth and regulation of root development related genes in progenitors of wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Dalal ◽  
Sneha Tiwari ◽  
Vinod .
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Aegilops Tauschii ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Aegilops Speltoides ◽  
Good Resource ◽  
Primary Root Length

Maintenance of root growth during water deficit can significantly contribute to yield stability. In this study, total nine accessions, three each of Triticum monococcum, Aegilops speltoides and Aegilops tauschii were analysed for root traits under two levels of osmotic stress at seedling stage. T. monococcum accession (A2) showed highest increase in total root growth while 17% and 34% increase in primary root length was recorded in T. monococcum (A2) and Ae. speltoides (B3) under osmotic stress. Expression of BREVIS RADIX (BRX) and NAM/ATAF/CUC 1(NAC1) was analysed in three diploid accessions with contrasting root phenotype. BREVIS RADIX, a transcription factor modulating root length was up regulated in T. monococcum A2 accession while NAC1 expression was up regulated in three of the accessions under osmotic stress. The accessions and genes analysed in the study can be good resource to explore the molecular-genetic mechanism of root growth under stress.

scholarly journals Genetic Variability in Root and Shoot Growth Characteristics of Peanut1,2

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Ketring ◽  
W. R. Jordan ◽  
O. D. Smith ◽  
C. E. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Parameters ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Highly Correlated

Abstract The shape and extent of root systems influence the rate and pattern of nutrient and water uptake from the soil. In dicotyledons such as peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), the primary root and its laterals constitute the main root system. Rooting trait differences in some crops have been associated with drought tolerance. Our objective in this study was to determine if variation in root length and number occurs among peanut genotypes. In one test, shoot and root growth of 23 genotypes (12 spanish and 11 virginia types) were compared in the greenhouse at 55 days after planting using clear acrylic tubes 7.5 cm in diameter and 2.2 m in length. Shoot dry weight, leaf area, tap root length, and root number at 1 m depth ranged for spanish-type entries from 1.23 to 2.65 g, 214 to 409 cm2, 95.0 to 186.8 cm, and 1.0 to 3.1, respectively. Similarly, ranges for virginia-type entries were 1.35 to 3.23 g, 135 to 460 cm2, 122.4 to 192.6 cm, and 1.0 to 7.1. Correlations between shoot and root parameters indicated strong positive association between aerial and subterranean growth. However, the relationship of leaf area to root length was stronger for virginia- than for spanish-type entries. Root length and numbers were highly correlated for spanish, but not for virginia entries. In other tests that included two each of virginia-, spanish-, and valencia-type entries, similar results were found for plants at 34 and 47 days after planting. Significant differences in both root (length and numbers) and shoot growth (dry weight and leaf area) were found among the genotypes tested. Inherent differences in root growth rate were evident at early stages of seedling growth. The results from this sample of peanut germplasm indicate that there is considerable diversity in root growth and there is high shoot/root growth association.

Natural variation in primary root growth and K+ retention in roots of habanero pepper (Capsicum chinense) under salt stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuel Bojórquez-Quintal ◽  
Nancy Ruiz-Lau ◽  
Ana Velarde-Buendía ◽  
Ileana Echevarría-Machado ◽  
Igor Pottosin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Natural Variation ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Capsicum Chinense ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Habanero Pepper ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Primary Root Growth ◽  
Chichen Itza

In this work, we analysed the natural variation in mechanisms for protection against salt stress in pepper varieties (Capsicum chinense Jacq. cv. Rex, Chichen-Itza and Naranja and Capsicum annuum L. cv. Padron), considering primary root growth and viability of the post-stressed seedlings. NaCl-induced K+ and H+ efflux in roots was also studied by ion-selective microelectrodes under application of pharmacological agents. In these pepper varieties, the magnitude of the K+ leakage in the roots positively correlated with growth inhibition of the primary root in the presence of NaCl, with Rex variety showing a higher level of tolerance than Chichen-Itza. The K+ leakage and the activity of the H+ pump in the roots were dependent on the NaCl concentration. Pharmacological analysis indicated that the NaCl-induced K+ leakage was mediated by TEA+-sensitive KOR channels but not by NSCC channels. In addition, we present evidence for the possible participation of proline, and a Na+-insensitive HAK K+ transporter expressed in habanero pepper roots for maintaining K+ homeostasis under salt stress conditions.

A genome-wide association study reveals that the glucosyltransferase OsIAGLU regulates root growth in rice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Zhao ◽  
Bin Yang ◽  
Wenjun Li ◽  
Shan Sun ◽  
Liling Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Crown Roots ◽  
Primary Root Length

Abstract Good root growth in the early post-germination stages is an important trait for direct seeding in rice, but its genetic control is poorly understood. In this study, we examined the genetic architecture of variation in primary root length using a diverse panel of 178 accessions. Four QTLs for root length (qRL3, qRL6, qRL7, and qRL11) were identified using genome-wide association studies. One candidate gene was validated for the major QTL qRL11, namely the glucosyltransferase OsIAGLU. Disruption of this gene in Osiaglu mutants reduced the primary root length and the numbers of lateral and crown roots. The natural allelic variations of OsIAGLU contributing to root growth were identified. Functional analysis revealed that OsIAGLU regulates root growth mainly via modulating multiple hormones in the roots, including levels of auxin, jasmonic acid, abscisic acid, and cytokinin. OsIAGLU also influences the expression of multiple hormone-related genes associated with root growth. The regulation of root growth through multiple hormone pathways by OsIAGLU makes it a potential target for future rice breeding for crop improvement.

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