scholarly journals Determination of Iodine Content of Commercially Available Table Salts at the Retailer Level in Selected Areas of Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 284-288
Author(s):  
Mohammad Rahanur Alam ◽  
Moumita Dey ◽  
Md. Kobirul Islam ◽  
Sompa Reza ◽  
Sumaiya Mamun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Salt Iodization ◽  
Nutrition Science ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Government

Aims: Iodine deficiency is one of the most common micronutrient deficiencies in Bangladesh. To combat iodine deficiency disorders, universal salt iodization is mandatory in Bangladesh. The aim of our study was to determine the iodine content of both packaged and open edible table salts sold at the retailer level in different areas of Bangladesh. Study Design: The study is an experimental cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: The present study was conducted in the food analysis laboratory of Department of Food Technology and Nutrition Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University from March 2019 to June 2019. A total of 90 salt samples were collected from ten retailers selected based on convenience sampling from two districts: Dhaka and Noakhali. Among the samples, 45 were packaged salts from Fifteen different brands and the rest of the 45 samples were non brand open salt. Methodology: The iodine content of iodized salt samples was determined by the iodometric titration method. Results: The mean iodine content of both types of salts is 17.801±1.973 ppm. The mean iodine contents of packaged salts and open salts are 30.691±2.679 ppm and 4.912±1.008 ppm, respectively. Only 42% of the total salt samples are adequately iodized (>20 ppm). 75% of packaged salt samples are adequately iodized and only 8% of open salt samples are adequately iodized. Conclusion: As iodine content in open table salts doesn’t meet the criteria set by the government, the sale of open salt for human consumption should be stopped. 

scholarly journals Survey of iodine deficiency and intestinal parasitic infections in school-going children: Bie Province, Angola

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1314-1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Tomlinson ◽  
Vera Adams ◽  
Mickey Chopra ◽  
Pieter Jooste ◽  
Emmerentia Strydom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
International Health ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Intestinal Protozoa ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
The Government

AbstractObjectiveTo obtain baseline pre-intervention prevalence levels of iodine deficiency and parasitic and helminth infections in school-going children in Bie Province, Angola.DesignA cross-sectional study conducted in randomly selected schools. The target population was children aged 6–10 years.SettingBie Province, Angola.SubjectsA total of 1029 children sampled, with 791 stool samples and 826 urine samples collected from twenty-four schools.ResultsWidespread severe and moderate deficiencies in iodine. Children in five schools were severely iodine deficient. All sampled schoolchildren were iodine deficient to a greater or lesser extent. In all, 80 % of all children across the twenty-four schools were infected with one or a combination of intestinal helminths and intestinal protozoa.ConclusionsThese findings have serious implications for the cognitive development of Angolan children, as well as for Angola’s development in terms of productivity and economic potential. It is strongly recommended that the provincial and national Ministries of Health, in collaboration with international health agencies, immediately plan and implement a strategy to provide sufficient iodine through iodised oil capsules and iodised salt to the iodine-deficient population. National coalitions need to be strengthened among the government, partners and salt producers. It is also recommended that all the children in schools be de-wormed for multiple helminth species at least twice a year.

scholarly journals People's Knowledge and Practice of Salt Iodization, as Well as the Assessment of Iodine Content in Salt in the Cumilla Region of Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-24
Author(s):  
Sadia Jahan ◽  
Md. Saddam Hossain ◽  
Md. Anisur Rahman Bhuiyan ◽  
Susmita Roy Lisa ◽  
Somaia Haque Chadni
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Salt Iodization ◽  
Knowledge And Practice ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
And Behavior

Aim: To evaluate the household iodine content and knowledge, attitude, and behavior regarding salt iodization among the residents of Cumilla, Bangladesh. Subjects and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 700 inhabitants in Cumilla's urban and rural areas to determine the iodine concentration of salt they consume. The participants were asked about what they know about iodine deficiency and salt iodization as well as how their salt was packaged and stored. Among them, 338 people provided a sample of salt to be tested of its iodine content by the titrimetric method. Results: 46.57% of people knew that iodization was the best way to prevent iodine deficiency while 35.14% considered salt iodization during purchasing. Most people stored salt in plastic boxes (89.7%) and closed containers (84.14%).Among all participants, only 37.14% of people were aware of the iodine requirement during pregnancy. In urban regions, the median iodine content was 36.76 ppm (OR=0.658, 95% CI, 0.469-0.925), while in rural areas, the median iodine content was 40.92 ppm (OR=1.188, 95% CI, 1.022-1.380). Iodine levels were less than 15 ppm (minimum limit) in 6.8% of samples and greater than 40 ppm (maximum limit) in 56.5%. Only 36.7% of the salt samples contained adequate iodine. Conclusion: An effective and consistent approach for controlling iodine concentration in distributed salt is required at Cumilla, Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Food Fortification: The Level of Awareness among Kenyan Consumers

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Amaya Aura Linda ◽  
Florence Kyallo ◽  
Judith K. Okoth ◽  
Peter Kahenya ◽  
Anselimo Makokha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Food Fortification ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Government ◽  
Study Participants

More than half of the morbidity and mortality cases among children in Kenya are as a result of micronutrient deficiencies (MNDs). Food fortification is considered by the Government of Kenya as a feasible strategy for addressing MNDs. Worldwide, fortification has been proven to be effective since it does not require any change in dietary habits. Success of large-scale food fortification however may depend on consumer awareness of the fortification benefits. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 13 counties to collect information on fortification awareness using structured questionnaires. 1435 respondents were selected using the Lot Quality Assurance Sampling method. Data were analyzed using Stata version 14.0 and statistical significance p<0.05. The study participants were described using descriptive statistics. The association of sociodemographic characteristics and awareness of fortification was performed using binary logistic regression analysis. The median age of the study participants was 35 years. Only 28% of the respondents were aware of the term “fortification.” Of the respondents, about 27% heard of food fortification through radio. Vernacular radio emerged as the most preferred channel for communicating fortification information among 24.9% of the respondents. Although awareness of vitamins (32%) and minerals (1.5%) was limited, most (76%) respondents reported of existence of health risks for lacking micronutrients. Awareness of food fortification was significantly associated with respondents’ occupation (p< 0.001), household size (p=0.012), education levels (p<0.001), and age (p=0.025). There is need for a wider use of broadcast media sources to modify information and education materials to promote fortification awareness among Kenyan consumers.

scholarly journals Iodine Content of Packaged Salt and Related Knowledge and Storage Practices at Household Level in Dhaka City, Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
Md Sujan Hossen ◽  
Md Nazrul Islam Khan
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Iodized Salt ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Iodine Deficiency Disorders ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Household Level ◽  
And Storage

Aims: Iodine deficiency disorders are one of the major public health concerns in Bangladesh. Regular consumption of iodized salt can help combat these disorders. The aims of this study were to determine the content of iodine in edible packaged salt and to assess iodized salt related knowledge and storage practices in Dhaka City, Bangladesh. Study Design: The study was an experimental cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: The present study was conducted from June 2019 to July 2019 in Dhaka City, Bangladesh. A total of 120 households were selected for interview and packaged salt sample collection. The chemical analysis was done in the Food Analysis Laboratory of Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka. Methodology: A closed-ended questionnaire was used for collection of information. Iodometric titration method was used to determine the content of iodine in packaged salt samples. Results: The mean (±SD) iodine content in the salt samples was 31.469 (±10.196) ppm. More than 90% salt samples were adequately iodized. Twenty five percent of the respondents know that consumption of iodized salt helps prevent goiter. Only 10.8% of the respondents know that iodine content decreases if iodized salt is stored close to fire. About 87% of them store salt away from fire. Conclusion: Along with consuming packaged iodized salt, householders should be educated about iodized salt related knowledge and storage practices to control iodine deficiency disorders.

scholarly journals Prevalence of iodine deficiency among multinodular goiter patients: a South Indian study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nishad Kerakada ◽  
Ganesh Manikantan ◽  
Meer M. Chisthi
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Multinodular Goiter ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Nodular Goiter ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Government

Background: Mass iodization of table salt was introduced by the Government of India to treat as well as prevent iodine deficiency problems including goitres. However, even after so many years of introduction of iodized salt, the number of patients reporting with multi nodular goiter to the hospitals in Kerala seems to be high. The coastal districts of Trivandrum and Kollam report especially high prevalence of goitres and subsequently thyroidectomies. The aim of this study was to find the prevalence of iodine deficiency among patients with multi nodular goiter in South Kerala.Methods: This was a cross sectional study of 300 patients admitted with multinodular goitre in the general surgical wards of Government Medical College Trivandrum, Kerala, India. From June 2013 to June 2014, these patients were evaluated clinically and with the investigatory facilities available at this institution. Their urine spot iodine excretion levels were measured at the laboratory of state iodine deficiency control cell, Trivandrum, Kerala, India.Results: Out of the 300 cases, 6 patients were found to have mild iodine deficiency. Mean iodine level was normal at 170 microgram per decilitre. The prevalence of iodine deficiency in multinodular goiter cases studied was found to be 2%.Conclusions: The high prevalence of multinodular goiter cases in Kerala cannot be sited per se as due to iodine deficiency as only 2% of the total number of cases studied had low urine iodine levels. This raises a question whether the salt iodization programme needs to be re-analyzed and possibly re-structured for the state of Kerala.

scholarly journals Assessment of goitre among primary school children in district Chamba, Himachal Pradesh, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 767
Author(s):  
Arvind Kumar Dhiman ◽  
Sumita Kumari Sandhu ◽  
Vijay Kumar Yadav ◽  
Ishan Arora
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
School Children ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Government Schools ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Goitre Prevalence

Background: Goiter is one of the most visible manifestations of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) that is caused due to overstimulation of thyroid as an adaptation to Iodine deficiency. IDD is among the major public health threats and important micronutrient deficiencies in developing countries.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 6-12 years school children in district Chamba of Himachal Pradesh from February to June 2019. The sample size of 336 was calculated and a total of 504 children from government schools were enrolled in the study. The assessment of goitre was done clinically by inspection and palpation of thyroid gland.Results: In this study, 504 school aged children of 6-12 yrs from district Chamba with mean age of 9±1.86 years were included. The prevalence of total goitre rate was 16% with mean age of 8.75±1.37 years. The highest prevalence (%) was observed in age of 10 years (28.4%) followed by 8 years and 9 years (25.9 % and 23.5% respectively).Conclusions: This study showed mild goitre prevalence in school aged children of 6-12 years in district Chamba of Himachal Pradesh. There is dire need of periodic survey to assess the magnitude of IDD in future. 

scholarly journals Assessment of Iodine Deficiency among School-Going Children of Age Group 6 to 12 Years in Kachchh District, Gujarat State: Cross-Sectional Hospital-Based Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh P. Sharma ◽  
Amitkumar Maheshwari ◽  
Chandan Chakrabarti ◽  
Darshan J. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Iodine Level ◽  
Iodine Excretion

Abstract Aim Iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) is the cause of preventable brain damage, mental retardation, and stunted growth and development in children. This study aimed to detect the prevalence of IDD in Kachchh district, Gujarat, by testing urinary iodine excretion levels and iodine intake of salts in school-going children. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted and the level of iodine deficiency was assessed in 223 school children of both sexes, aged 6 to 12 years from four talukas, that is, subdivisions, of the Kachchh district by estimating urinary iodine using Sandell–Kolthoff reaction along with iodine content in edible salt samples by MBI kit (STK-Spot testing kit, MBI Kits International, Chennai, TN, India). Results The median urinary iodine level was found to be 194 μg/L, indicating no biochemical iodine deficiency in the region. In the study areas, 1% of the population showed a level of urinary iodine excretion < 50 μg/L. About 83% salt samples had iodine level more than 15 ppm and the iodine content in salt samples less than 15 ppm was only about 17%, indicating the salt samples at households contain iodine in adequate level. Conclusion There is a need of periodic surveys to assess the change in magnitude of IDD with respect to impact of iodized salt intervention.Furthermore, to strengthen National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Program, factors should be identified. There is also a need to prevent and reimpose the ban on the sale of noniodized salts in Gujarat.

scholarly journals A community based cross-sectional study on the health system responsiveness in the urban field practicing area of tertiary health care centre, Hyderabad

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 860
Author(s):  
Jyothi Lakshmi Naga Vemuri ◽  
B. Kiranmai ◽  
Viveka Cheedarla ◽  
S. Bhavana Laxmi
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Health System ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Government ◽  
Prompt Attention

Background: According to WHO, responsiveness is an important goal of the health system, in addition to the two predominant goals of improving health and fairness of financing. Responsiveness includes non-medical aspects of health care. As the progress to universal health coverage is gaining pace, the present study has attempted to study the domains of responsiveness in the government and private health services and health care providers.Methods: A community based cross-sectional study for a period of 3 months in the households of the urban field practising area. Sampling technique was simple random sampling. Assuming the prevalence of 50% and allowable error of 5%, 400 households were surveyed. KISH table method was used at household level. Study tool was World Health Survey responsiveness module questionnaire for the eight responsiveness domains-prompt attention, dignity, communication, autonomy, confidentiality, choice, quality of basic facilities and social support (for inpatients).Results: The mean age (yrs) of the study subjects is 46.078±13.998. 68.25% (273) were males.31.75% (127) were females. 46.25% (185) were using government services and 53.75% (215) were using private services. The mean waiting time (min) in the public health facilities was 135.2±111.2 which was more than private facilities, 62.4±40.8.Conclusions: All the responsiveness domains (except confidentiality) were found to be positively associated (p<0.05) with the government health services. Proportion of people rating the responsiveness domains from most important to the least important showed prompt attention (52%) and dignity (30%) as the most important domains.

scholarly journals Acceptability of home fortification with multiple micro-nutrients among Sri Lankan children

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261516
Author(s):  
G. Liyanage ◽  
K. G. I. S. Anupama ◽  
M. L. P. Sudarshini
Keyword(s):  
Health Benefit ◽  
Community Setting ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean

Micronutrient deficiencies are mostly hidden; clinically less visible compared to macronutrient deficiencies. Food fortification with multiple micronutrients (MMN) is provided for children between 6–23 months, daily for two months at three-time points. We assessed the acceptance and adherence of this nutritional intervention in an urban community setting in Sri Lanka. This cross-sectional study enrolled caregivers of children aged 7 to 23 months with a cluster sampling method. Caregivers ’ acceptance of taste and smell, health gains, ease of use, and need perception (Cronbach’s reliability: 0.801) were assessed. Also, anemia knowledge (Cronbach’s reliability: 0.642), MMN knowledge, and reported adherence (number of sachets consumed per month) were evaluated through a self-administered questionnaire. Adequate adherence was defined as the use of ≥80% sachets. The univariate and multivariate statistical analysis examined the association of acceptability, adherence, and anemia knowledge with independent variables (socio-demographic, household characteristics, and knowledge). The survey included 153 respondents. The Median (range) age of children was 12 months (7–23). The mean (SD) acceptability score was 66.82% (9.78%). Acceptance of sensory qualities (smell/taste) had a lower score than perceived health benefit. Most consumed MMN adequately (72.5%). The mean (SD) anemia knowledge score was 62.20% (25.79%). In multivariate analysis, child’s age (OR: -0.360, 95% CI:-0.510,-0.211) and father’s education (OR: 2.148, 95% CI: 0.439, 3.857) were independently associated with acceptability. Child’s age (OR: -0.108, 95% CI:0.818, 0.985), anemia knowledge (OR:0.016, 95% CI: 1.003, 1.031) and acceptability (OR:0.236, 95% CI:1.140, 1.406) were significant determinants of adherence. Anemia knowledge was significantly associated with the mother’s education and household income when adjusted. In conclusion, unpleasant smell/taste and daily schedule were reported as barriers to MMN use. Yet, perception and trust regarding health benefits were encouraging. Reported adherence was somewhat high. Improving acceptability and anemia knowledge could enhance adherence further in this population.

scholarly journals Assessment of iodine deficiency disorder among school going children aged 5-10 years in Sagar district of Madhya Pradesh: an observational cross sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 3409
Author(s):  
Arpita Jain ◽  
Shipra Verma ◽  
Manju Toppo ◽  
Akhil R. Nair
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
School Children ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Government

Background: Iodine deficiency (IDD) is the world’s most prevalent cause of brain damage. glaciations, flooding, rivers lead to deficiency of iodine in crops grown on iodine. Diet low in iodine can result in stillbirth and abortions and many more sequelae. Objectives of the research work were to study the prevalence of IDD amongst 6-12 years children by clinical examination and to determine the concentration of iodine in salt sample at consumer level. Also, to determine the urinary iodine excretion amongst 6-12 years age group children.Methods: It was a cross sectional study conducted in the government schools of Sagar district among school children of 6-12 years of age. Total 2700 school children from 30 villages were included using PPS sampling. Students were clinically examined and their urine samples were taken for MUIC estimation.Results: Prevalence of goiter was more in 10 to 11 years of age (14.07%) and less in 8 to 9 years age group (7.59%). Overall prevalence of goiter in district Sagar is 10.51%.Conclusions: Despite NIDDCP, there is still dearth of awareness among general public about the usage and storage of iodized salt which is the root cause of Iodine deficiency.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document