scholarly journals Effects of Repeated Administration of Extracts from Arachis hypogaea Hulls on Blood Parameters and Histological Organization of Heart, Liver and Kidneys of Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-33
Author(s):  
Djyh Bernard Nazaire ◽  
Tra Bi Irié Otis ◽  
Oungbé Monkoué Désiré ◽  
Gnahoué Goueh Laurent ◽  
Kra Adou Koffi Mathieu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Repeated Administration ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Subacute Toxicity

Aims: Arachis hypogaea (peanuts) is widely used in food worldwide. Therapeutic use of various parts of this plant has been mentioned in many traditional medicinal systems. The aim of the present study was to evaluate subacute toxicity of methanolic and aqueous extracts of peanuts hulls. Place and Duration: Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Biosciences, University Félix Houphouët-Boigny, from March to June 2018. Methodology: Serial extraction was done using methanol and water as solvents. The study was evaluated by orally daily doses of extracts 300, 600 and 1200 mg/kg. The treatment for 28 days concerned seven groups of animals, the control group and six treated groups. Each group included six animals, 3 males and 3 females. Animals of control group didn’t have any treatment. Animals were observed for general behavioural and signs of abnormalities during the experiment. After all treatments, blood was collected for haematological and biochemical analysis. Liver, kidney, and heart were removed, weighed for histological study. Results: The results showed that, there were not any significant (p˃0.05) changes in both the absolute and relative organ weights between the control and the test groups. Biochemical parameters were statistically equal in all groups. In addition, both extracts did not induce any significant effect on RBC and indices relating to it (HGB, PCV, MCV, MCH and MCHC) throughout the experimental period. But, there was a decrease (16.33±1.68) on WBC with methanolic extract compared to control (13.79±2.73). Histological examination of the liver, kidneys, and the heart showed normal organisation and structure of heart, kidneys and liver. Conclusion: It appears that the methanolic and aqueous extracts of hull of Arachis hypogaea did not produce any toxicity in oral subacute toxicity study. However, further studies are needed to confirm long term toxicities.

scholarly journals Cirrhosis in rats does not resolve in the long-term after induction by thioacetamide model

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (01) ◽  
pp. 033-041
Author(s):  
L. Rui ◽  
E. Silva ◽  
T. Silva ◽  
T. Portela ◽  
A. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Hepatic Cirrhosis ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Histological Activity ◽  
Therapy Studies ◽  
Future Therapy

Abstract Introductions: Hepatic cirrhosis is a final common pathway of all chronic liver diseases, characterized by deposit of fibrillar collagen and liver failure. Materials and Methods: In this experiment, hepatic cirrhosis was induced in 15 female Wistar rats by a 14-week period, with thioacetamide solution in a 200 mg/kg dosage, via intraperitoneal. Animals were submitted to liver biopsy, and euthanized after a 80-day post-induction period. Serum biochemical analysis was performed, in addition to histopathology by H.E., Picrosirius, Alcian Blue and P.A.S. stainings, following analysis of histological activity index and staging of fibrosis. Morphometric analysis of collagen on Picrosirius slides was also performed. Results: Mortality during experimental period was low (13.33%), and after 80-day period, liver function improved, cellular changes did not altered, and deposition of acidic mucopolysaccharides and glycogen were increased. Liver histological activity did not change significantly (7.25 ± 1.30 to 6.41 ± 1.32), but staging of fibrosis was altered (3.91 ± 0.76 to 4.70 ± 1.11). Interlobular collagen showed a significant decrease (5.14 ± 2.00 to 4.00 ± 1.20), while intralobular collagen was increased (0.23 ± 0.06 to 0.36 ± 0.08). Conclusions: These findings characterize thioacetamide as a safe experimental model for induction cirrhosis, which may be used for future therapy studies.

scholarly journals The effect of iodine and strumigens long-term foodborne intake on histometrical parameters of thyroid gland in gimmers

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 1365-1369
Author(s):  
Zdeněk Peksa ◽  
Jan Trávníček ◽  
Roman Konečný ◽  
František Jelínek ◽  
Hana Dušová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Iodine ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Experimental Group

In 2010 and 2011 two experiments on gimmers of Šumava mountain sheep were performed. The first experiment was carried out on 12 animals (experimental period was 11 months); control group was fed with 3 mg I*kg−1 in dry matter per day and experimental group was fed with 5 mg I*kg−1 in dry matter per day. The second experiment lasted 10 months and it was carried out on 12 animals. Feed ration for control group contained 10 mg I*kg DM−1. Feed ration for experimental group contained 10 mg I*kg DM−1 too; moreover it included rapeseed meal and 1 g of sodium nitrate. The aim of the first experiment was focused on impact of high iodine intake on structure of thyroid gland. The aim of the second experiment was to discover effect of strumigens during high iodine intake on structure of thyroid gland. The animals were slaughtered after the experiment and there was executed the dissection of thyroid gland. The samples of thyroid gland were processed during classic paraffin method and dyed with haematoxylin and eosin. For finding of histometrical parameters was used program Leica IM 500 Version 4.0. The length, the width and the area of follicles were measured. The follicles were divided into three groups after this procedure (by the length); in each group were measured 20 thyreocytes. In group with intake 5 mg I*kg DM−1 (experiment from year 2010): higher weight of thyroid (p < 0.01), significant higher (p < 0.05) proportional representation of large and medium follicles, significantly (p < 0.05) higher average size of follicles, demonstrably lower (p < 0.05) height of epithelium were found. There were not found any differences in monitored parameters between the groups from experiment which was carried out during the year 2011. After comparing results from the both experiments significantly higher percentage representation of large follicles a significantly lower representation of small follicles, distinctly higher average size and higher height of epithelium in all size categories, in groups with iodine intake 10 mg I*kg DM−1was found (from second experiment – year 2011).

scholarly journals Acute and Subacute Toxicological Evaluation of the Aerial Extract ofMonsonia angustifoliaE. Mey. ex. A. Rich in Wistar Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Jide Afolayan ◽  
Olubunmi Abosede Wintola ◽  
Gerda Fouche
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Toxicological Evaluation ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dose Dependent

The acute and subacute toxicity profile of the aerial extract ofMonsonia angustifoliain Wistar rats was evaluated. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) 420 guideline was adopted in the acute toxicity testing with a single oral dose of 5000 mg/kg (b.w.). For the 28-day daily oral dosing, the extract was administered at 75, 150, and 300 mg/kg b.w.; 1% ethanol in sterile distilled water was used as control. Clinical toxicity signs were subsequently evaluated. At a single dose of 5000 mg/kg b.w. the extract elicited no treatment-related signs of toxicity in the animals during the 14 days of experimental period. In the subacute toxicity, there was no significant difference in hematological, renal, and liver function indices. However, dose-dependent significant increases were observed on the plasma concentrations of white blood cell and platelet counts of the treated animals compared to the control group. While cage observations revealed no treatment-facilitated signs of toxicity, histopathological examinations of the kidneys and liver also showed no obvious lesions and morphological changes. These results suggest that the extract may be labelled and classified as safe and practically nontoxic within the doses and period of investigation in this study.

scholarly journals The Response of the Pulp-Dentine Complex, PDL, and Bone to Three Calcium Silicate-Based Cements: A Histological Study in an Animal Rat Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjdar Mahmood Talabani ◽  
Balkees Taha Garib ◽  
Reza Masaeli
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Calcium Silicate ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Mineral Trioxide Aggregate ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Tissue Reaction ◽  
Cortical Plate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats

Objective. The aim of this study was to histologically examine the tissue reaction of three different calcium silicate cements in the closure of perforations in rat incisor teeth. Material and Methods. An experimental lateral root perforation with pulp exposure was performed in 32 lower incisors of 16 male Wistar albino rats. They were randomly assigned into three test groups (each including eight teeth) that were filled either by Biodentine (BD) or MicroMega mineral trioxide aggregate (MM-MTA) or EndoSequence root repair material putty (ESRRM putty), besides eight unperforated incisors from the other four rats (control group). The inflammatory response and healing process were evaluated histologically and scored after one and four weeks. Differences among groups were tested by Kruskal–Wallis tests at P≤0.05. Results. In the first week, BD produced more inflammatory response in the pulpal (score 3) than other materials (score 2). Only ESRRM putty showed odontoblast-like cells in 50%, 25% dentine-like deposit, 25% evidence of bone deposition in the drilling site (score 2), and minimum periodontal ligament (PDL) necrosis and disorganization (25%, score 2). After one month, all groups had healthy pulpal tissue, but 25% of ESRRM putty retained score 1 inflammatory response, and 50% of the BD case had an incomplete palisading odontoblast layer (score 3). A thick and regular dentine bridge deposition was seen in the ESRRM putty group in comparison with MM-MTA and BD cases. The cortical plate healing in all ESRRM putty samples was complete (score 3), while an incomplete closure was seen in MM-MTA and BD groups (score 2). Both the MM-MTA and ESRRM putty groups had fully organized PDL (score 2), while in 50% of BD cases, a necrotizing area and disorganized PDL with inflammatory cells infiltration were still present. Statistically significant differences in the scores of any histologic parameters among the three tested materials were observed neither in the 1st nor in the 4th weeks of the experimental period. Conclusion. Better tissue compatibility and repair of pulpal and periodontal tissue have been detected after lateral perforation in the root of rat incisors when treated with ESRRM putty than MM-MTA and BD. However, the difference was not significant.

Performance and blood chemistry in lambs following fasting and transport

1996 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. J. Horton ◽  
J. A. Baldwin ◽  
S. M. Emanuele ◽  
J. E. Wohlt ◽  
L. R. McDowell
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Control Food ◽  
All Treatment

AbstractThirty-six 5-month-old Dorset ram lambs (28·7 kg) were used to investigate the effects of fasting and transport on performance and selected blood parameters. Three treatment groups (no. = 12) were: (1) control-food and water, without transport; (2) fasting for 72 h, without transport; and (3) transport in a trailer to a nearby auction-barn, then driven 8 h/day for 3 days without food or water for a total of 72 h. Lambs were given a total mixed diet containing 163 g/kg crude protein throughout the 28-day post-transport period. Both fasted and transported lambs consumed less food than the control group during the first 7 days post treatment (P < 0·05). Water intake was similar for all treatment groups on the 1st day post transport, after which both fasted and transport lambs drank less ivater than control lambs during the following 6 days (P < 0·05). Live-weight loss after the 3-day fast and transport period and subsequent body-weight gain during the 28-day realimentation period differed across all treatment groups (P < 0·05 and P < 0·09; (1) 1% and 305 g, (2) 14·8% and 343 g, and (3) 20·0% and 390 g, respectively, though control lambs had the highest weight gains over the 32-day experimental period. Plasma urea nitrogen was lower in both fasted and transported lambs on days 6, 7 and 11 compared with control lambs (P < 0·05). Plasma glucose concentrations on days 4 and 5 were lower in transported lambs than in fasted lambs, and highest in control lambs (P < 0·05); glucose concentration levels remained lower in both fasted and transported lambs than in control lambs on days 6 and 7 (P < 0·05). Plasma cortisol concentrations were highest in transported lambs during the 3-day transport period and for 2 days immediately following transport (P < 0·05). Effects of the 72 h fast were exacerbated by auction barn activity and subsequent transport, and compensatory gains by fasted and transport lambs were incomplete within the 28-day post transport period.

scholarly journals Acute response of refeeding in tambaqui submitted to long-term fasting

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Franco dos SANTOS ◽  
Shamila Évellem Magalhães da SILVA ◽  
Monique Ferreira BRANDÃO ◽  
Maria Vitória Marialva da Silva LÔBO ◽  
Deborah Jacob Freire da PAZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Protein ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Acute Response ◽  
Mesenteric Fat

ABSTRACT This study aimed evaluate energetic mobilization in tambaqui submitted to fasting, after a one-day refeeding. 120 tambaqui juveniles were distributed in 12 310L polyethylene boxes. Three treatments were evaluated: Control (14 days of feeding); Fasting for 14 days; and Refeeding (13 days fasting and one day of feedback). After the experimental period, the fish were anesthetized with eugenol for blood collection and serum and plasma were used to measure glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol and serum protein. Subsequently, fish were euthanized to remove liver and mesenteric fat and were used to determine hepatic glycogen and lipid and mesenteric fat index. The results were submitted to ANOVA and the means compared by Tukey test when statistical significance was observed (P <0.05). Glucose, triglycerides and serum protein decreased after fasting, differing statistically with the control. Refeeding resulted in the recovery of three blood indicators. Liver analysis shows glycogen was consumed intensely during fasting and partially recovered after refeeding, when compared to control group. The results obtained in this study suggest that the 14-day fast was not harmful to the fish and the tambaqui are able to quickly adjust their metabolism according to their nutritional status.

scholarly journals Cerebral Cortical Damage in Adult Wistar Rats Following Aluminium Chloride Administration

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
A. J. Ajibade ◽  
P. B. Fakunle ◽  
O. O. Omoola
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Brain

This study investigated some effects of aluminium chloride on the cerebral cortex of adult Wistar rats. Aluminium chloride as one of the toxic metals has been known to be one of the major environmental pollutants across the world which has been reported in relation to Neurodegenerative diseases (ND) associated with metallic intoxication. It is present in many pharmaceutical drugs, food products and also used in the treatment of domestic water being involved in skeletal, haematological and neurological diseases. Thirty-two adult Wistar of both sexes weighing between 143 g-189 g were randomly grouped into four groups, group A, B, C and D each group containing 8 rats. Group A rats which were the controls, were maintained on standard feed (grower mash) and water for 21 days. Rats in group B, C and D were treated with 0.2 g/kg, 0.4 g/kg and 0.6 g/kg of aluminium chloride respectively for 21days. The aluminium chloride solution was administered orally on a daily basis for that period. The weight of the Wistar rats was recorded on a weekly basis (before and at the end of each week of administration). On the 22nd day the Wistar rats in group A, B, C and D were sacrificed by cervical dislocation, blood was collected through cardiac puncture, the brain was removed and weighed immediately using sensitive balance, part of the brain of all Wistar rats in each group was collected and homogenized for biochemical analysis, the remaining part was then fixed in 10% formol saline, the tissue was processed and sectioned at 5µm and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histological study. Results showed that the mean body weights of the Wistar rats significantly increased in the treated groups when compared with the control group. The mean brain weights of the aluminium- treated groups showed insignificant decreased (P>0.05) when compared to the control group. In the biochemical analysis, there was a statistically significant increase (P<0.05) in the level of Malondialdehyde (MDA) in the aluminium-treated groups, and a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the level of Superoxide dismutase (SOD), and Succinate Dehydrogenase  (SDH) in the aluminium treated group. Histological study of the brain (cerebral cortex) revealed that the cerebral cortical layers of the aluminium treated groups appeared distorted and degenerated, in a dose-dependent manner. The study concluded that aluminium chloride has a neurotoxic effect on the cerebral cortex of adult Wistar rats which invariably may alter some cerebral functions.

Protective effect of long-term angiotensin II inhibition

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (3) ◽  
pp. H1351-H1358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidia Basso ◽  
Rosa Cini ◽  
Adriana Pietrelli ◽  
León Ferder ◽  
Norberto A. Terragno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ang Ii

Experimental studies indicate that angiotensin II (ANG II) through its type 1 receptor (AT1) promotes cardiovascular hypertrophy and fibrosis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze whether chronic long-term inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) can prevent most of the deleterious effects due to aging in the cardiovascular system of the normal rat. The main objective was to compare two strategies of ANG II blockade: a converting enzyme inhibitor (CEI) and an AT1 receptor blocker (AT1RB). A control group remained untreated; treatment was initiated 2 wk after weaning. A CEI, enalapril (10 mg·kg−1·day−1), or an AT1RB, losartan (30 mg·kg−1·day−1), was used to inhibit the RAS. Systolic blood pressure, body weight, and water and food intake were recorded over the whole experimental period. Heart, aorta, and mesenteric artery weight as well as histological analysis of cardiovascular structure were performed at 6 and 18 mo. Twenty animals in each of the three experimental groups were allowed to die spontaneously. The results demonstrated a significant protective effect on the function and structure of the cardiovascular system in all treated animals. Changes observed at 18 mo of age in the hearts and aortas were quite significant, but each treatment completely abolished this deterioration. The similarity between the results detected with either enalapril or losartan treatment clearly indicates that most of the effects are exerted through AT1 receptors. An outstanding finding was the significant and similar prolongation of life span in both groups of treated animals compared with untreated control animals.

scholarly journals Long term cyclic heat stress influences physiological responses and blood characteristics in indigenous sheep

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Rashid ◽  
MM Hossain ◽  
MAK Azad ◽  
MA Hashem
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Indigenous Sheep ◽  
Cyclic Heat

The present study was designed to elucidate changes in physiological and blood parameters of indigenous sheep during cyclic heat exposure. Twelve 2-4 year-old sheep with an average body weight of 10.5±0.5 kg were randomly allocated to one of three experimental heat treatments: control (21°C, stall feeding), short term (21°C to 32°C; 32°C for 4 h/d, grazing), and long term (21°C to 32°; 32°C for 8 h/d, grazing).The results have shown that sheep exposed to cyclic heat treatments exhibited higher (P=0.05) rectal temperature, body temperature, and respiratory rate compared to the control group. Cyclic heat treatments significantly decreased heart rate of sheep. There was a sharp reduction in rumination and an increase in time spent by sheep in eating during cyclic heat treatments. Long term heat treatment significantly increased RBC and WBC counts, PCV values, and hemoglobin level than that of the control and short term heat treatments. Similar responses were also observed in plasma glucose, uric acid, aspartate aminotransferase, and blood urea nitrogen levels. These results suggest that short term heat stress is tolerable but long term is physiologically detrimental to them to indigenous sheep.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v42i2.18486 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2013. 42 (2): 96-100

scholarly journals CHANGES IN HAEMOSTATIC PARAMETERS OF WISTAR RATS FOLLOWING REPEATED ADMINISTRATION OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF BROWN ONION (ALLUMCEPAL.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-44
Author(s):  
ZUBERU JIBRIL ◽  
SANI SANUSI
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Bleeding Time ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Repeated Administration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Group I

Objective: The study investigated changes in haemostatic parameters such as; bleeding time, blood clotting time and differential platelet counts of wistar rats following repeated administration of aqueous extract of allum cepa L. Methods: Rats were divided into four groups of four animals each (n=4). Group I served as normal control, Group II, group IIIand group IV were administered 25 mg/kg bw, 50 mg/kg bw and 100 mg/kg bw of the extract intra-peritoneally for two weeks, respectively. After 14 d experimental period, blood samples were collected for the determination of bleeding time, clotting time and differential platelet count. Results: The findings of this study revealed a significantly increased (p<0.05) clotting time at a dose of 25 mg/kg but showed no significant change in bleeding time and differential platelet count of all the groups. Conclusion: Aqueous extract of brown onion showed anti haemostatic effect in albino rats by increasing clotting time at a lower dose.

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