Performance and blood chemistry in lambs following fasting and transport

1996 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. J. Horton ◽  
J. A. Baldwin ◽  
S. M. Emanuele ◽  
J. E. Wohlt ◽  
L. R. McDowell
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Control Food ◽  
All Treatment

AbstractThirty-six 5-month-old Dorset ram lambs (28·7 kg) were used to investigate the effects of fasting and transport on performance and selected blood parameters. Three treatment groups (no. = 12) were: (1) control-food and water, without transport; (2) fasting for 72 h, without transport; and (3) transport in a trailer to a nearby auction-barn, then driven 8 h/day for 3 days without food or water for a total of 72 h. Lambs were given a total mixed diet containing 163 g/kg crude protein throughout the 28-day post-transport period. Both fasted and transported lambs consumed less food than the control group during the first 7 days post treatment (P < 0·05). Water intake was similar for all treatment groups on the 1st day post transport, after which both fasted and transport lambs drank less ivater than control lambs during the following 6 days (P < 0·05). Live-weight loss after the 3-day fast and transport period and subsequent body-weight gain during the 28-day realimentation period differed across all treatment groups (P < 0·05 and P < 0·09; (1) 1% and 305 g, (2) 14·8% and 343 g, and (3) 20·0% and 390 g, respectively, though control lambs had the highest weight gains over the 32-day experimental period. Plasma urea nitrogen was lower in both fasted and transported lambs on days 6, 7 and 11 compared with control lambs (P < 0·05). Plasma glucose concentrations on days 4 and 5 were lower in transported lambs than in fasted lambs, and highest in control lambs (P < 0·05); glucose concentration levels remained lower in both fasted and transported lambs than in control lambs on days 6 and 7 (P < 0·05). Plasma cortisol concentrations were highest in transported lambs during the 3-day transport period and for 2 days immediately following transport (P < 0·05). Effects of the 72 h fast were exacerbated by auction barn activity and subsequent transport, and compensatory gains by fasted and transport lambs were incomplete within the 28-day post transport period.

scholarly journals The Effect of Clove Oil Supplementation in Laying Hen Diets on Performance, Egg Quality, Some Blood Parameters, and Yolk TBARS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2213-2218
Author(s):  
Melek Şehitoğlu ◽  
Hatice Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Treatment Groups

In this study, it was investigated the effect of clove oil supplementation at increasing levels into laying hens’ diets on performance, egg quality traits, some blood parameters and yolk TBARS (Thiobarbituric Acid Reagent) values. For this purpose 96 Lohman white laying hens, 28 weeks of age, were divided into four treatment groups. Control group was fed with basal diet (C) and treatment groups were fed with diets formed by addition of clove oil at 50 ppm (CO1), 100 ppm (CO2) and 150 ppm (CO3), respectively. During the trial, feed and water were given as ad-libitum, and poultry house was illuminated for 17 hours. Experiment lasted for 13 weeks. Addition clove oil at increasing rates into diet did not affect the live weight. The data analysed as polynomial showed that supplementation of clove oil into layer diet linearly improved feed conversion ratio and increased the egg production. But, daily feed consumption, egg weight, damaged egg ratio and egg quality parameters were not affected by treatments. Serum parameters such as triglyceride, glucose, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and calcium were not affected by the clove oil supplementation. TBARS values in C, CO1, and CO2 were found higher than the CO3 group fed with diet including 150 ppm clove oil. In conclusion, clove oil at 150 ppm level in diets of laying hens could be used due to extend the egg shelf life and to decline serum cholesterol content.

Influence of Different Dietary Levels of Zinc on Performance, Vitamin B12, and Blood Parameters in Lambs

2006 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 353-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang ◽  
Zhu ◽  
Guo ◽  
Zhang ◽  
Jia
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Zinc Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Dietary Zinc ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference

This experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of different dietary levels of zinc (Zn) on performance, vitamin B12, and blood parameters in lambs. Thirty six cannulated Poll Dorset × Small-tailed Han wether lambs were assigned randomly to four treatment groups: The control group, which was supplemented with 0.30 mg Co/kg dry matter (DM) to the basal diet; and the low-, medium- and high-Zn supplemented groups, supplementation of 50, 100, and 150 mg Zn/kg DM to the control diet, respectively. Lambs were housed in individual pens and the experiment lasted for 70 days. There was no significant difference in body weight gain and feed/gain between different treatment groups. The high-Zn supplemented lambs showed lower vitamin B12 concentrations in both ruminal fluid and plasma, and higher methylmalonic acid and homocysteine concentrations in plasma compared with the control and low-Zn supplemented groups (p < 0.05). No significant difference was observed in these biochemical values between the control, the low-, and the medium-Zn supplemented groups (p > 0.05). Plasma folate concentration, glucose, and heme-dependent blood parameters were not influenced by dietary zinc level. It was concluded that the higher level of zinc supplementation had a negative effect on vitamin B12 in lambs. Higher inclusion level of dietary zinc could inhibit vitamin B12 synthesis in the rumen of lambs.

The effect of dietary addition of a polysaccharide from Atractylodes macrophala Koidz on growth performance, immunoglobulin concentration and IL-1β expression in weaned piglets

2009 ◽  
Vol 147 (5) ◽  
pp. 625-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. LI ◽  
X. WU ◽  
H. Z. PENG ◽  
M. Z. FAN ◽  
Z. P. HOU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Weanling Piglets ◽  
Daily Gain

SUMMARYThe present study was conducted to determine the effects of a polysaccharide of Atractylodes macrophala Koidz (PAM) as a dietary additive on growth performance, immunoglobulin concentration and IL-1β expression in weaned piglets. One hundred and twenty Landrace×Yorkshire piglets weaned at 28 days old (body weight 7·5±0·07 kg) were assigned to five treatment groups (three pens/group, eight piglets/pen) fed maize/soybean-based diets supplemented with 0, 3, 6 or 9 g of PAM/kg diet or antibiotics (0·4 g flavomycin/kg+0·13 g olaquindox/kg). The experimental period was 28 days. With increasing PAM supplementation levels, average daily gain was greater (quadratic, P<0·05) and the ratio of amount fed to live weight (LW) gain (feed/gain) improved (quadratic, P<0·05) during days 14–28 and overall, and diarrhoea incidence decreased (linear, P<0·05) during days 14–28. Supplementation of PAM also increased (quadratic, P<0·05) serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-6 on day 14, and increased (quadratic, P<0·05) IL-1β expression in jejunal mucosa and lymph nodes. Concentrations of PAM between 6 and 9 g/kg presented the strongest bioactivity compared to the control group or antibiotic-fed group. These findings indicate that PAM is effective in improving growth performance and cytokine response, which suggests that PAM can be used as a diet additive for weanling piglets.

scholarly journals Using different levels of energy and protein and their effects on bodyweight and blood chemistry of ostriches

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahereh Nikravesh-Masouleh ◽  
Alireza Seidavi ◽  
Magdalena Solka ◽  
Mohammad Dadashbeiki
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Bodyweight Gain ◽  
Transferase Activity ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Protein Levels

AbstractTo determine the effect of different dietary energy and protein levels on bodyweight and blood chemistry, 36 ostriches at 2 to 9 weeks of age for feeding conditions and 18 for blood chemistry parameters was used. The birds were divided into six treatment groups. Energy and protein levels of diet were 2400 and 2600 kcal/kg and 20%, 22%, and 24%, respectively. The feed intake and bodyweight gain were determined a weekly. Blood chemical parameters including glucose, HDL, LDL, total cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, albumin, globulin, aspartate amino-transferase and alanine amino-transferase activity were determined. The highest weight gain during the whole experiment was observed in ostriches offered 2400 kcal · kg−1 dietary energy and 20% protein. The lowest level of total cholesterol and protein was observed in treatment V (2600 kcal · kg−1 dietary energy and 22% protein). The lowest level of glucose and triglycerides was noted after treatment I. The highest albumin and globulin concentrations were in treatment III (2400 kcal · kg−1 dietary energy and 24% protein) and treatment II (2400 kcal · kg−1 dietary energy and 22% protein), respectively. The energy level had no effect (P < 0.05) on feed intake and weight gain in all experimental period. The results of this study showed that with increasing energy and protein levels, most blood parameters increased in ostriches but total cholesterol did not.

Supplementary feeding of dairy cows on continuously stocked pasture

1984 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Jennings ◽  
W. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Stocking Rates

SummaryTwo experiments were conducted with milking cows on continuously stocked perennial ryegrass pastures. In each a control group, T0, received 1 kg/day of a concentrate supplement and treatment groups T1 and T2 received 4 kg (Expt 1) or 5 kg/day (Expt 2) of a low quality T1 or a high quality T2 concentrate. In Expt 1 treatments were applied continuously for 14 weeks to a total of 30 cows. In Expt 2 a Latin square design for 9 weeks was conducted with 18 cows. The stocking rate of the pasture declined from 9·6 to 5·1 cows per ha (mean 6·7 cows/ha) from May to August (Expt 1) and was maintained at 3 cows/ha in August-October (Expt 2).Supplements increased total intakes by 0·92 and 0·77 kg organic matter (OM)/kg OM supplied in the concentrates respectively for Expts 1 and 2. Milk yields increased by 0·6 and 0·5 kg/kg concentrate supplied and supplemented cows showed small increases in live weight. Differences in lactation milk yield just approached significance. Grazing times were only slightly reduced by supplements and bite sizes were lower than normal. There was no important difference in animal performance between the two concentrates. The total output from the pasture was 19·6t milk and 115 GJ of utilized metabolizable energy per hectare.Reasons for the high supplementary effect of the concentrates and its implications for stocking rates are discussed.

scholarly journals THE USE OF BIOSTIMULANT FOR INCREASING THE BODY WEIGHT GAIN OF CHICKENS

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (35) ◽  
pp. 800-812
Author(s):  
Ilgiz DOLININ ◽  
George BAZEKIN ◽  
Evgeny SKOVORODIN ◽  
Almaz SHARIPOV ◽  
Ivan CHUDOV
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immunological Parameters

Poultry farming holds a special place in ensuring the products that the consumers demand, it provides the population with essential food products,such as eggs and meat,that contain vital micro and macronutrients, proteins, lipids, and vitamins. Therefore, the issues of rational, economically feasible feeding of meat poultry, namely broiler chickens, are an urgent task. It is also essential to find effective methods of their application in order to correct the natural resistance and immune and biological reactivity of birds. The purpose of this research is to study the effect of the biological stimulant-Nucleostim on the growth and development of chickens, hematological, and immunological parameters of the blood of birds.This Biostimulant is a purified bovine spleen extract containing at least 1 mg / ml of low molecular weight peptides (nucleotides and nucleosides) formed as a result of autolysis, using dry whey and diatomite as fillers. Onthe application ofNucleostim, the gain in live weight of chickens was increased by 9.7%. At the end of the experiment, the livability of the chicks of the experimental group treated with Nucleostimcame up to 88%, compared with the 72% of the control group. The use of biostimulant had a stimulating effect on the liver of chickens confirmed by the research results presented in the article, as well as contributed to the development of the thymus in the setting of general dystrophy. Thus, it improved chicklivability and increased body weight gain. The biological stimulant-Nucleostim as an adaptogenic, anabolic, and immunostimulatory agent is promising for finding new drugs that improve the health and productivity of poultry.

Milk production from diets of silage and dried forage. 1. Effects of methods of processing dried grass and of including barley in the supplementation of grass silage given ad libitum

1976 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Tayler ◽  
K. Aston
Keyword(s):  
Energy Content ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Female Cattle

SUMMARY1. Young adult and adult British Friesian female cattle (heifers and cows) which were lactating were individually fed on diets of grass silage ad libitum with supplements of dried grass, dried grass/barley or barley/groundnut in two randomized block experiments.2. In Experiment I, equal quantities of dry matter (DM) as dried grass in the form of a wafer (W), cob (C) or pellet (P) were given with the silage during weeks 8 to 18 of lactation, to three groups of 12 heifers. Silage DM intakes were respectively 14·2, 14·3 and 15·8 ± 0·43 g/kg live weight per day (P<0·05). Milk yields were 14·0, 15·6, 16·7 ± 0·35 kg/day (P< 0·001). Milk composition and live-weight change did not differ significantly.3. In Experiment II, five treatment groups of heifers and cows were offered silage with equal amounts of a supplement of either dried grass pellets (treatment 1) or dried grass/barley in the ratios of 2: 1 (treatment 2), 1: 2 (treatment 3), or a barley/groundnut supplement (treatment 4). In treatment 5 the cattle received the same supplement as in treatment 4, but at a 10% higher level. Silage DM intakes for treatments 1 to 5 during lactation weeks 6 to 22 were 8·64, 8·94, 7·96, 6·96, 7·63 kg/day (1, 2>4, P<0·01; 2>5, P<0·05). The intake of digestible organic matter, milk yields and live-weight changes over the whole experimental period were not influenced significantly by treatments 1 to 4, but in treatment 5 the milk was significantly higher in fat, protein and energy content than in treatments 1 to 4. Blood composition was normal and did not differ markedly between treatments.

Reduction in Accumulation of Plaque, Stain, and Calculus in Dogs by Dietary Means

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 161-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyn Jensen ◽  
Ellen Logan ◽  
Oliver Finney ◽  
Stephen Lowry ◽  
Martyn Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Plaque Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Dog Food ◽  
Control Food ◽  
And Control ◽  
All Treatment

We conducted 215 evaluations for plaque, stain, and calculus in 120 dogs at two research sites. Dogs were balanced in groups of five according to baseline plaque index scores; groups were randomly assigned to treatment or control dietary regimens. Dental cleanings were done on Day 0. Dogs in the treatment group were fed a food formulated to reduce accumulation of plaque, stain, and calculus. Control group dogs were fed a commercially available dry dog food. No other foods, treats, or snacks were given to either group. We graded 22 teeth for plaque accumulation on Day 7 and for stain and calculus accumulation on Day 21. Six trials were conducted and the results reported as a combined mean for all treatment and control groups. Dogs fed the treatment food had significantly less plaque, stain, and calculus accumulation (p=0.001) than dogs fed the control food. Plaque, stain, and calculus accumulation can be reduced by dietary means.

Effects of probiotics-encapsulated live feed on growth and survival of juvenile Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus, 1758) after differential exposure to pathogenic bacteria

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Dey ◽  
K Ghosh ◽  
N Hazra
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Clarias Batrachus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Live Feed ◽  
Differential Exposure

Growth and survival of Clarias batrachus juveniles (10-day old) fed probiotic Bacillus cereus (KR809412) encapsulated live feed (chironomid larvae) have been evaluated after differential exposure to the pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila (MTCC 1739). Catfish juveniles were stocked at a density of 30 fish per tank in five experimental groups (T1-T5) along with a control group in triplicate and fed twice @ 5% of body weight day-1 for four weeks. Groups T1 and T2 were fed probiotic-encapsulated (PR) or pathogen-inoculated (PGN) live feed respectively, for initial three weeks. During this period groups T3 (PGN-PR-PR), T4 (PR-PGN-PR), and T5 (PR-PR-PGN) were differentially exposed to the pathogen. Live feed without probiotic and pathogen was offered to the control group throughout the experimental period and all other treatment groups (T1-T5) during the 4th week. Continuous exposure to probiotics in group T1 resulted in significantly higher (P<0.05) specific growth rate (SGR, % d-1) and survivability than other groups, whereas, pathogen exposed and probiotic deprived group (T2) noticed with the lowest SGR and the highest mortality. Among other treatment groups (T3, T4 and T5), group T4 resulted in improved SGR and survivability. The coefficient (r value) of 0.867 along with regression slope suggested a positive correlation (0.01 levels) between RNA: DNA and SGR. The study might suggest protective effects of probiotic B. cereus in pathogen exposed C. batrachus juveniles.SAARC J. Agri., 16(1): 105-113 (2018)

357 CALCIUM RELEASE INDUCED BY THIMEROSAL AND INOSITOL 1,4,5-TRIPHOSPHATE IN HEAT-SHOCKED PORCINE OOCYTES

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 294
Author(s):  
J.-K. Tseng ◽  
P.-C. Tang ◽  
J.-C. Ju
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Calcium Release ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Developmental Competence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acetoxymethyl Ester ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
All Treatment

Elevated ambient temperature has been known to be deleterious to the developmental competence of mammalian oocytes and embryos, although the mechanism is still unclear. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of heat shock (HS) on the alteration of intracellular calcium concentrations ([Ca2+]i) of matured pig oocytes by two different calcium releasing agents. Porcine cumulus–oocyte complexes were aspirated from the follicles (3–6 mm) and subjected to standard in vitro maturation procedure for 42 h. Matured oocytes were then randomly allocated to different heat treatments at 41.5°C for 0 (Control, C0h), 1 (HS1h), 2 (HS2h), or 4 h (HS4h). An additional control group was cultured for 4 h without heat shock (C4h). Oocytes were incubated with 2 µM fura-2 acetoxymethyl ester (AM) and 0.02% pluronic F-127 in Ca2+-free PBS (40 min) following heat shock, and then washed with Ca2+-free PBS (30 min) for detection of [Ca2+]i. Fluorescent images were captured with alternative excitation wavelengths at 340/380 nm by a rotating chopper disk equipped with an Axon imaging system. Data from both experiments were analyzed by ANOVA using the General Linear Model (GLM) of the SAS (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC, USA). In Experiment 1, matured oocytes were activated by 200 mM thimerosal (10 min) following heat treatment. The maximal [Ca2+]i in the HS2h group was the highest among all treatment groups. The lowest maximal peak of [Ca2+]i was observed in the HS4h group, but it was still higher than that in the C4h group (P < 0.05). The total amount of Ca2+ release represented by the total area of the peaks in C4h was lower than in any other groups except HS4h (P < 0.05). In Experiment 2, each matured oocyte was injected with approximately 10 pL of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3, 0.5 mM); the Ca2+ transient was recorded as described in the previous experiment. The maximal value of [Ca2+]i in the C4h group was still the lowest among the heat-shocked and C0h groups (P < 0.05). The total Ca2+ release in the HS2h group was the highest among all treatment groups, but only significantly higher than the HS1h and C4h groups (P < 0.05). A similar pattern of Ca2+ release in HS-oocytes was induced by thimerosal and IP3 stimulations. These results indicate that Ca2+ releasing capacity of matured pig oocytes is enhanced by a shorter duration of heat shock, but declines after prolonged exposure of heat shock and/or in vitro culture. The differential Ca2+ releasing capacity of heat-shocked oocytes prior to fertilization revealed physiological changes of pig oocytes after heat shock. This finding provides further insight for the low fertilization and developmental competence that occurs in farm species during hot seasons.

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