Trace element and vitamin B12 status of sheep given an oral dose of one, two or four soluble glass pellets containing copper, selenium and cobalt

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 299 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Judson ◽  
TH Brown ◽  
BR Kempe ◽  
RK Turnbull
Keyword(s):  
Oral Dose ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Copper Toxicity ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Retention Period ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Liver Copper ◽  
Soluble Glass ◽  
The Mean

We investigated the effect of an oral dose of 1, 2 or 4 soluble glass pellets containing cobalt, selenium and copper on the trace element and vitamin B12 status of sheep at pasture. Although the effective life of the pellet was intended to be 1 year, the retention of the pellet in the rumen was sometimes less than 6 months. Despite the apparently short retention period, an oral dose of 1 pellet was sufficient to provide physiologically significant quantities of copper, selenium and vitamin B12 to the animal for at least 45, 32 and 16 weeks respectively. The mean values for untreated sheep and sheep given 1 pellet were respectively 0.49 and 3.11 mmol copper/kg liver (dry matter) at week 45, 1.03 and 1.51 �mol selenium/L blood at week 32, and 1.15 and 1.82 nmol vitamin B12/L plasma at week 16. Sheep of normal copper and selenium status may be at risk of copper toxicity if given an oral dose of 2 or more pellets and of selenium toxicity if given 4 or more pellets at the same time. In sheep dosed with 4 pellets, mean liver copper and selenium concentrations exceeded, for 16 and 8 weeks respectively, the concentrations acceptable for human consumption.

Protective Effect of Moringa Oleifera Leaves Against TramadolInduced Nephrotoxicity in Mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraf Albrakati
Keyword(s):  
Oral Dose ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Urea ◽  
Kidney Function Tests ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Intraperitoneal Dose ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Leaves ◽  
The Mean

Tramadol, a broadly in recent years, is an effective analgesic agent for the treatment of moderate to acute pain. Its metabolites are excreted by the kidney which may cause nephrotoxicity. Moringa oleifera leaves are commonly used to provide herbal and plant-derived medicinal products especially in developing nations. The present study was carried out to determine the biochemical and histopathological changes in the kidney of tramadol-treated albino mice and to evaluate the possible protective role of Moringa oleifera leaves against tramadol-induced nephrotoxicity. Twenty adult albino mice were divided into four groups. Control group (group i) received daily intraperitoneal injection of normal saline only, group ii received oral dose of Moringa oleifera leaves extract (20 mg/kg/bw) for three weeks, group iii received daily intraperitoneal dose of tramadol (0.3 mg/kg/bw) for the same period, group iv, received daily oral dose of Moringa oleifera leaves extract, (20 mg/kg/bw) three hours before injecting intraperitoneal dose of tramadol (0.3 mg/kg/bw), for the same period. Blood samples were withdrawn at the end of the experiment for kidney function tests and specimens from the kidney were processed for histological study. No significant differences in the mean values of the kidney function tests were noticed between Moringa oleifera group and control group. However, there was highly significant increase in the mean values of serum, urea and creatinine in tramadol-treated group as compared to the control group. Although tramadol + Moringa oleifera group revealed significant difference in the mean values of urea and creatinine when compared with tramadol-treated group. So, Moringa oleifera leaves extract have been shown to attenuate the renal dysfunction, improve the renal architecture, with nearly normalization of serum urea and creatinine levels which indicate improvement of renal function. In conclusion, in the light of biochemical results and histological findings, co-administration of Moringa oleifera leaves lessened the negative effects of tramadol-induced nephrotoxicity; possibly by its antioxidant action. Further investigation of these promising protective effects of Moringa oleifera leaves against tramadol-induced renal injury may have considerable impact on developing an adjunct therapy aiming to improve the therapeutic index of some nephrotoxic drugs.

Evaluation of heavy metals content in the canned/packed fruit juices from local and imported origin in Lahore, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazeefa Fatima ◽  
Munazza Khan ◽  
Muhammad Shuaib Kabeer
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Fruit Juices ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Acid Digestion ◽  
Digestion Method ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Nutritive Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

This study was conducted to determine the mean concentration of heavy metals such as lead (Pb), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se), magnesium (Mg), and iron (Fe) in canned/packed fruits juices, collected from various stores in Lahore in a period of three months. These juices were categorized into four groups; local packed and canned and also imported packed and canned products. Every group consisted of ten samples. By using the di-acid digestion method, the collected samples were digested and analyzed under Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results indicated that the mean values of 7 out of 9 tested heavy metals including Pb, Mg, Ni, Fe, Cr, Se and Mn were above permissible limits (set by WHO) in all four understudy groups. Therefore, it was concluded that commercially available fruit juices are not all safe according to their heavy metals content for the human consumption despite their nutritive values.

scholarly journals Effects of food and sucralfate on a single oral dose of 500 milligrams of levofloxacin in healthy subjects.

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 2196-2200 ◽  
Author(s):  
L J Lee ◽  
B Hafkin ◽  
I D Lee ◽  
J Hoh ◽  
R Dix
Keyword(s):  
Oral Dose ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Profiles ◽  
Fat Meal

The effects of food and sucralfate on the pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin following the administration of a single 500-mg oral dose were investigated in a randomized, three-way crossover study with young healthy subjects (12 males and 12 females). Levofloxacin was administered under three conditions: fasting, fed (immediately after a standardized high-fat breakfast), and fasting with sucralfate given 2 h following the administration of levofloxacin. The concentrations of levofloxacin in plasma and urine were determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography. By noncompartmental methods, the maximum concentration of drug in serum (Cmax), the time to Cmax (Tmax), the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC), half-life (t1/2), clearance (CL/F), renal clearance (CLR), and cumulative amount of levofloxacin in urine (Ae) were estimated. The individual profiles of the drug concentration in plasma showed little difference among the three treatments. The only consistent effect of the coadministration of levofloxacin with a high-fat meal for most subjects was that levofloxacin absorption was delayed and Cmax was slightly reduced (Tmax, 1.0 and 2.0 h for fasting and fed conditions, respectively [P = 0.002]; Cmax, 5.9 +/- 1.3 and 5.1 +/- 0.9 microg/ml [90% confidence interval = 0.79 to 0.94] for fasting and fed conditions, respectively). Sucralfate, which was administered 2 h after the administration of levofloxacin, appeared to have no effect on levofloxacin's disposition compared with that under the fasting condition. Mean values of Cmax and AUC from time zero to infinity were 6.7 +/- 3.2 microg/ml and 47.9 +/- 8.4 microg x h/ml, respectively, following the administration of sucralfate compared to values of 5.9 +/- 1.3 microg/ml and 50.5 +/- 8.1 microg x h/ml, respectively, under fasting conditions. The mean t1/2, CL/F, CLR, and Ae values were similar among all three treatment groups. In conclusion, the absorption of levofloxacin was slightly delayed by food, although the overall bioavailability of levofloxacin following a high-fat meal was not altered. Finally, sucralfate did not alter the disposition of levofloxacin when sucralfate was given 2 h after the administration of the antibacterial agent, thus preventing a potential drug-drug interaction.

scholarly journals Target hazard quotient evaluation of selected trace elements in highly consumed crustacean species in Lagos, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e53052
Author(s):  
Rasheed Olatunji Moruf
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Target Hazard Quotient ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Mantis Shrimp ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
The Mean

Crustaceans are known for their trace element bioaccumulation abilities. Muscle tissues of lagoon crab, marine crab, pink shrimp and mantis shrimp marketed for consumption in Nigeria were analyzed for Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Hg and Cr levels using standard methods. Muscle levels in mg kg-1 of Mn (0.03±0.00 in lagoon crab), Fe (0.072±0.01 in mantis shrimp), Cu (0.344±0.01 in lagoon crab) and Zn (0.073±0.00 in mantis shrimp) were significantly different (p<0.05) from their corresponding values in other examined crustaceans. The mean values of Cr and Hg were not significantly different across samples. The estimated daily intake of trace element (mg person-1day-1) revealed that Hg (0.000001) in marine crab contributed the lowest daily intake while Zn (0.000226) in lagoon crab contributed the highest daily intake. Total hazard quotient (THQ) values for the trace elements followed descending order of Hg > Cu > Zn > Fe > Mn > Cr. Lagoon crab showed the highest total hazard index among the organisms with 44.80 %, while the least was observed in mantis shrimp with 13.30 %. It is concluded that, as far as human health is concerned, the mean elemental levels in the muscle tissues of the organisms examined pose no danger (THQ < 1).

scholarly journals Class II subdivision treatment with the Herbst appliance

2012 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niko C. Bock ◽  
Benjamin Reiser ◽  
Sabine Ruf
Keyword(s):  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Midline Shift ◽  
Herbst Appliance ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Retention Period ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Original Class

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the effectiveness of Class II subdivision Herbst nonextraction treatment and its short-term stability retrospectively. Materials and Methods: Twenty-two Class II subdivision (SUB: right-left molar difference ≥0.75 cusp width) and 22 symmetric Class II patients (SYM: ≥0.75 cusp width bilaterally) were matched according to gender and pretreatment handwrist radiographic stage. The mean treatment duration of the Herbst and subsequent multibracket phase was 8 months and 14 months, respectively. The mean retention period amounted to 36 months. Dental casts from before treatment (T1), after Herbst treatment (T2), after Multibracket treatment (T3), and after retention (T4) were evaluated. Results: A bilateral Class I or super Class I molar relationship was seen in 72.7% (SUB) and 77.3% (SYM) at T3. The corresponding values at T4 were 63.7% (SUB) and 72.7% (SYM). A unilateral or bilateral Class III molar relationship was more frequent in the SUB group (T3: +4.6%; T4: +13.6%). For overjet, similar mean values were seen in both groups after treatment (T3: SUB, 2.7 mm; SYM, 2.3 mm) and after retention (T4: SUB, 3.0 mm; SYM, 3.4 mm). This was also true for the midline shift (T3: SUB, −0.4 mm; SYM, 0.0 mm; T4: SUB, −0.3 mm; SYM, 0.0 mm). Conclusion: Class II subdivision Herbst treatment was successful similarly to symmetric Class II Herbst treatment. However, a slight overcompensation of the molar relationship (Class III tendency) was more frequent in the subdivision patients (original Class I side).

scholarly journals A Study of Serum Zinc level in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-94
Author(s):  
Mohammad Rezaul Quader ◽  
Sharmin Rahman ◽  
Suranjit Kumar Saha
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Zinc Level ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Important Trace Element ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

Acute myocardial infarction is one of the most important reason of death in the world. There are some established risk factors of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), but measurement of trace element like zinc can be helpful in the prevention and better management of AMI. The aim of this study was to estimate serum zinc in AMI patients. This is a case control type of study carried out in the Department of Biochemistry, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka during the period of January 2015 to December 2015 with a total number of 100 study subjects. Acute myocardial infarction patients were selected as case (50) from coronary care unit (CCU), Department of Cardiology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital. Normal healthy individuals were selected as control (50) from the attendants of patients, relatives and doctors. Serum level of zinc was assessed for both case and control groups. The mean values of the variable were compared between them by statistical analysis using SPSS version 16. For all the statistical analysis p<0.05 was considered as significant. The mean values of serum zinc were 73.18±21.14μg/dl in cases. The mean values of serum zinc were 11.04±23.06 μg/dl in control group. Significant differences were found in mean values between case and control groups and differences were very highly significant (p-value<0.001). In AMI serum zinc levels were found to decrease in this study. Serum zinc is an important trace element act as cofactor in many biochemical reactions. Decrease level of this important trace element may contribute to pathogenesis of AMI. So with other biochemical risks parameters, routine assessment of serum zinc level is advocated, which might be helpful for prevention and better management of AMI. Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2020;15(2): 92-94

Use of soluble glass boluses containing Cu, Co and Se in the prevention of trace-element deficiencies in goats

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. Zervas
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
The Third ◽  
Soluble Glass ◽  
Plasma Copper

SummaryTwo experiments were carried out to examine the value of copper, cobalt and selenium contained in soluble glass boluses as a means of providing supplementary trace elements to goats.In the first experiment 36 purebred Toggenburg goats were used and divided into two groups. One group was treated with soluble glass boluses while the other was left as control.In the second experiment 46 Saanen half-bred goats were used, divided into three groups. The first group was treated with soluble glass boluses, the second was treated with selenium injectable compound and the third was left as control.Blood samples were collected on four occasions, during an experimental period of almost 12 months and plasma copper, serum vitamin B12 and blood selenium concentrations were determined. All those measurements showed significant increases for about a year, and were due to treatment. The advantages of glass boluses were not shared by the selenium injectable compound.

Effect of ionophores on the accumulation of copper in the livers of sheep

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. J. van Ryssen ◽  
P. R. Barrowman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Copper Concentration ◽  
Copper Toxicity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Liver Size ◽  
Dietary Copper ◽  
Toxicity Threshold ◽  
Liver Copper ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACTLambs were allocated to three treatments: control (C), monensin (M) and lasalocid sodium (L) in a concentrate diet containing 36 mg copper per kg food. After 2 months deaths from copper toxicity occurred and the trial was terminated. All lambs were slaughtered. The mean liver copper concentration (mg/kg dry matter) of 1907 in the M treatment was higher than the mean concentrations of 1342 and 1229 in the C and L groups respectively (P < 0·01). Total liver copper was 234, 260 and 230 mg and the retention of dietary copper in the liver was 93·5, 108·5 and 93·3 g/kg for the C, M and L treatments respectively. These differences were not significant. From reduced liver size (as a proportion of body weight) and high copper levels in the kidneys, it was concluded that the group given monensin had accumulated copper to a level closer to the toxicity threshold than the other two groups.

scholarly journals Heavy Metals Concentration in Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Grown around Some Gold Mining Areas of Zamfara State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
N. O. Sam- Uket ◽  
G. B. Bate
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Permissible Limits ◽  
The Mean

Aims: This study was aimed at determining the concentration of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Fe and Au) in mango plant parts (roots, stem barks, leaves and fruits) from two gold mining areas (Maraba and Duke) and the control (Kadauri) in Zamfara State, Nigeria for establishment of a baseline data for these metals and determining the suitability of the mango fruit for consumption. Study Design: Analytical study design was applied in a stratified manner for the research. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the environmental technology laboratory, National Research Institute for Chemical Technology (NARICT), Zaria, Nigeria between March and August 2019. Methodology: A cumulative total of 96 samples of plant parts (roots, stem barks, leaves and fruits) were collected and analysed for Lead, Cadmium, Iron and Gold using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) after digestion with a mixture of 20 ml HNO3 and 8 ml HClO4. Results: The results obtained for the mean metal concentrations were; most abundant, Pb (62.07 ± 54.09 mg/kg) in mango roots from Duke and the least abundant, Cd (0.52 ± 0.44 mg/kg) in fruits from Kadauri. All the metals had very high (> 0.5) translocation factors indicating fast movement from the roots to the shoots while the mean values of these metals in the fruits were found to be above the WHO and FAO maximum permissible limits which shows high level of contamination as a result of gold mining activities. Metals generally occurred in the order: Pb>Fe> Au > Cd and they differed across sampling stations with the mining areas having significantly (P<0.05) higher values than the control. Conclusion: Heavy metals concentration in mango plant was found to be generally higher than the permissible limits hence the fruits are considered unsuitable for human consumption.

Articulatory Behavior Pre and Post Full-Mouth Tooth Extraction and Alveoloplasty

1980 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 630-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Zimmermann ◽  
J.A. Scott Kelso ◽  
Larry Lander
Keyword(s):  
Control Subject ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Tooth Extraction ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Articulatory Movements ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Experimental Subjects ◽  
Normal Speech

High speed cinefluorography was used to track articulatory movements preceding and following full-mouth tooth extraction and alveoloplasty in two subjects. Films also were made of a control subject on two separate days. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of dramatically altering the structural dimensions of the oral cavity on the kinematic parameters of speech. The results showed that the experimental subjects performed differently pre and postoperatively though the changes were in different directions for the two subjects. Differences in both means and variabilities of kinematic parameters were larger between days for the experimental (operated) subjects than for the control subject. The results for the Control subject also showed significant differences in the mean values of kinematic variables between days though these day-to-day differences could not account for the effects found pre- and postoperatively. The results of the kinematic analysis, particularly the finding that transition time was most stable over the experimental conditions for the operated subjects, are used to speculate about the coordination of normal speech.

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