Evaluation of chemical contamination of surface water and groundwater in the landfill city of Ardabil

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (SE) ◽  
pp. 631-637
Author(s):  
Maliheh Shahmorad Moghanlou ◽  
Ebrahim Fataei
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Surface Water And Groundwater ◽  
Turbidity Level ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Hydrodynamic Thickness

Todays in our country the problem of waste disposal and the effects of entry alluvial aquifer their leachate and pollution of aquifers by hydrodynamic thickness in the direction of groundwater flow is highly regarded analytical descriptive study was conducted. To this purpose, the concentration of heavy metals plumb and cadmium and some physicochemical and biological parameters of surface water and groundwater around the landfill city of Ardabil in two time periods in spring 2015 and summer seasons were measured. Sampling, preparation and analysis of samples in accordance with the standard method of station 10 to within 5.5 km of landfill were Ardabil. Measurement of heavy metals, plumb and cadmium by atomic absorption were performed. The Results were analyzed by SPSS software, for the comparison of each parameter with drinking water standards and Agriculture tests comparing the average (T-TEST) was used. The results showed that groundwater and surface water of heavy metals, non-contaminated area and their results are below international standards. The mean values ??of microbiological and physicochemical parameters other than normal turbidity level and at the level of 1% were significantly lower than international standards.

Evaluation of heavy metals content in the canned/packed fruit juices from local and imported origin in Lahore, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazeefa Fatima ◽  
Munazza Khan ◽  
Muhammad Shuaib Kabeer
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Fruit Juices ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Acid Digestion ◽  
Digestion Method ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Nutritive Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

This study was conducted to determine the mean concentration of heavy metals such as lead (Pb), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se), magnesium (Mg), and iron (Fe) in canned/packed fruits juices, collected from various stores in Lahore in a period of three months. These juices were categorized into four groups; local packed and canned and also imported packed and canned products. Every group consisted of ten samples. By using the di-acid digestion method, the collected samples were digested and analyzed under Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results indicated that the mean values of 7 out of 9 tested heavy metals including Pb, Mg, Ni, Fe, Cr, Se and Mn were above permissible limits (set by WHO) in all four understudy groups. Therefore, it was concluded that commercially available fruit juices are not all safe according to their heavy metals content for the human consumption despite their nutritive values.

scholarly journals Serological responses to Cryptosporidium antigens among women using riverbank-filtered water, conventionally filtered surface water and groundwater in Hungary

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Floyd Frost ◽  
Tim Muller ◽  
Gunther Craun ◽  
Kádár Mihály ◽  
Berencsi György ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Riverbank Filtration ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Confined Aquifer ◽  
Surface Water And Groundwater ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Intensity Of Response

We compared serological responses to Cryptosporidium parvum antigens using surplus sera from females undergoing routine screening for pregnancy from three counties in Hungary where bank-filtered surface water, conventionally filtered and disinfected surface water, and groundwater from either a karst or confined aquifer are commonly used for drinking water. The primary purpose was to determine whether the prevalence and intensity of serological responses, indicators of prior Cryptosporidium infection were similar for these populations. Women using groundwater from a confined aquifer had significantly lower mean serological responses for both the 15/17-kDa and 27-kDa (p<0.0001) antigen groups than women using conventionally filtered and disinfected surface water or karst well water. This is suggestive of less frequent infections. Women using bank-filtered water also had lower mean responses for both antigen groups. Among women using bank-filtered water, the mean intensity of response for both antigen groups was almost one-third of the mean response observed for women using conventionally filtered and disinfected surface water. These findings suggest that riverbank filtration may be an effective alternative to conventional treatment for reducing Cryptosporidium exposures and infection from surface drinking water sources.

Contents of Some Heavy Metals in Norwegian Rivers

1978 ◽  
Vol 9 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 197-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Lenvik ◽  
E. Steinnes ◽  
A.C. Pappas
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Neutron Activation Analysis ◽  
Activation Analysis ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Drainage Basins ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mean

Concentration data for the elements arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, molybdenum, zinc, and uranium in eleven Norwegian rivers, determined by neutron activation analysis, are presented. The mean values of the various rivers show the following range for the elements studied (μg/1): As, <0.02-1.05. Cd, <0.06-0.43. Co, 0.09-0.46. Mo, <0.10-1.62, Zn, <2-53. U, 0.041-0.58. The weighted mean values in this work are similar to the estimated world averages for rivers in the case of Co and Zn. For As, Mo, and U, the present values are lower than the world averages by a factor of 3 or more. This may be due to lower abundance of sedimentary rocks and deposits in Norway compared with the drainage basins of some of the major rivers in the world.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Characteristics and Heavy Metals Contents in Soils and Cassava Plants from Farmlands within Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
N. P. Udeh ◽  
A. C. Ikegwuonu ◽  
O. A. Okeke ◽  
C. Obudulu ◽  
K. P. Okafor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Metal Enrichment ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
The Mean

Soil samples and cassava tubers collected from farmlands within Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka vicinity were analyzed for their heavy metal levels using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) in order to assess their levels of contamination on the environment as a result of excessive fertilizers and automobile emission. Physiochemical properties of the soil samples were determined using standard methods. The soil pH had a mean value of 6.27 ± 0.07, 6.10 ± 0.06 and 6.57 ± 0.03 respectively indicating that the soils were slightly acidic to neutrality. Total organic carbon and nitrate mean values were 105.20 ± 6.20, 95.75 ± 9.57 and 94.6 ± 2.27 and 138.07 ± 12.09, 149.35 ± 14.25 and 149.20 ± 1.17 respectively showing presence of some organic matters. The mean levels of heavy metals in the soil samples were 0.01 ± 0.01, 0.05 ± 0.03 and 0.05 ± 0.03 for lead (Pb), 0.24 ± 0.16, 0.001 ± 0.001 and 0.001 ± 0.000 for cadmium (Cd) and 0.00 ± 0.00, 0.010 ± 0.006 and 0.001 ± 0.001 for chromium (Cr). These metals levels were in the abundance trend of Pb>Cd> Cr. The mean metal concentrations obtained in the cassava tubers respectively were 0.001 ± 0.001, 0.001 ± 0.001 and 0.005 ± 0.005 for lead (Pb), 0.000 ± 0.000, 0.0003 ± 0.0003 and 0.000 ± 0.000 for cadmium (Cd) and 0.002 ± 0.002, 0.000 ± 0.000 and 0.002 ± 0.002 for chromium (Cr). These metals levels were in the abundance trend of Pb> Cr > Cd. For both the soil and cassava samples, there were no significant variations in the heavy metal concentrations and also in physicochemical parameter except for pH; this showed that there is low heavy metal enrichment in the soils studied. Based on the study, the following heavy metals (Pb, Cd, and Cr) falls within the Codex maximum permissible limits 0.1mg/l or ppm expect soil cadmium in science village which is above the Codex limit. The overall results showed that the farmlands (on soils and cassava tuber) appear to be free from poisoning or some metal enrichment and safe for agricultural purposes and also safe for human health and consumption.

Spatio-temporal variation level of heavy metals in surface water and sediment in Tagwai Lake, Minna, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-131
Author(s):  
V.I. Chukwuemeka ◽  
E.A. Jimoh ◽  
K.O. Olajide ◽  
Y.I. Auta ◽  
H.S. Auta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Standard Range

The high contamination of aquatic systems with toxic heavy metals is of major concern since the elements are not biodegradable. Heavy metals often get into the water through runoff from farmlands and dumping of effluents from industries into the water bodies. The toxicity of these heavy metals can cause harmful and even lethal effects on the human health. The objective of this study was to investigate the level of Pb, Cu, Mn, and Fe in both surface water and sediment of Tagwai Lake. Atomic Absorption Spectrometry investigation was carried out on the collected and digested water and sediment samples to determine the extent of these heavy metals contamination in the water. The results showed that the average concentration of heavy metals ranked in the following order: Pb>Mn>Cu>Fe with higher concentration in sediment compared to the water. The correspondence of the mean concentrations of heavy metals in water and sediment of the Tagwai Lake with the WHO standard suggests that the mean concentration of Pb, Cu, and Fe lies within the standard range while Mn exceeds the standard range in both the water and sediments. We therefore advocate regular surveillance as a tool for monitoring impacts of anthropogenic activities in the lake to ensure safety of the general populace who depend on it for their livelihood. Keywords: spatio-temporal, heavy metals, sediments, Tagwai Lake

scholarly journals Levels of some chemical species in water of boreholes situated near dumpsites in Rumuolumeni, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-211
Author(s):  
Nwoke IB ◽  
Edori ES
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Government ◽  
Rivers State

The concentration of six chemical species Pb, Cd, As, nitrates, fluorides and sulphates in the groundwater (borehole) samples were investigated in four boreholes sited close to a dumpsite in Rumuolumeni, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. Nitrates, fluorides and sulphates were analyzed using standard conventional methods while the heavy metals were determined and analyzed with Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The mean values obtained for the different chemical species within the months of investigation for the stations were in the range: lead; 0.012±0.001-0.015±0.000mg/L, with an average of 0.013±0.001mg/L within the months, Cd; 0.004±0.002-0.005±0.001mg/L, with an average of 0.005±0.001mg/L within the months, As; 0.002±0.001-0.003±0.002mg/L, with an average of 0.003±0.001mg/L within the months, nitrates; 0.413±0.172-0.730±0.691mg/L, with an average of 0.511±0.139mg/L within the months, fluorides; 0.004±0.001-0.006±0.001mg/L, with an average of 0.005±0.001mg/L within the months and sulphates; 0.197±0.046-0.338±0.072mg/L, with an average of 0.290±0.055mg/L within the months. These values obtained for the different chemical species showed that the boreholes sited near the dumpsite were still at the level that will not pose any health risk to the user, for their concentrations were still within limits allowed by WHO and USEPA. Even though the government and its agencies should regulate the mode of dumping of refuse and also the siting of boreholes so that the groundwater will not be polluted.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SOME HEAVY METALS LEVELS IN LEAVES, PEELS AND TUBERS OF CASSAVA PLANTED ALONG EAST-WEST ROAD RIVERS STATE

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Isaac Eguarkhide Ogah ◽  
Ekpete A. Ozioma
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Cassava Leaves ◽  
Safe Limit ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Rivers State ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
East West

Introduction: Pollution of the environment by heavy metals has caused serious environmental problems, which threatens the existence of various ecological system, agriculture and human health. This study assessed the comparative analysis of some heavy metals levels in leaves, peels and tubers of cassava planted along East-West Road Rivers State. Materials/Methods: Cassava leaves and tubers samples were collected from farmlands along East-West road (SX, SY and SZ communities, in Emohua, Tai, and Ahoada West LGA respectively), Rivers state, Nigeria. The samples were monitored for heavy metals levels to assess the impact of automobiles on cassava peels, leaves and tubers using Solar Thermo Elementary Atomic Absorption Spectrometer, ModelSG 71906. Metals studied were Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Chromium (Cr), Cadmium (Cd), and Arsenic (As). Results: The mean concentration of Ni present in leaf was 2.81±0.104 mg/kg, tubers recorded 2.23±0.073 mg/kg and peels 3.20±0.06 mg/kg. The highest concentration (4.064±0.035 mg/kg) of Ni was observed in peels while the least concentration (1.80±1.023 mg/kg) was recorded in the tubers. The mean values of Pb in leaves, tubers and peels were 2.22±1.023 mg/kg, 1.80±1.023 mg/kg and 2.64±0.32, highest concentration was recorded in tubers. Arsenic values were 0.16±0.020 mg/kg > 0.51±0.021 mg/kg > 0.38±0.203 mg/kg in peels, tubers and leaves respectively. The values of As were above WHO safe limit of 0.1mg/kg. Also, the mean values of cadmium in leaves, tubers and peels were 0.054±0.570 mg/kg, 0.046±0.057 mg/kg and 0.16±0.609 mg/kg respectively. The highest concentration (0.138±0.109 mg/kg) was in the tubers. Finally, chromium was found to be present in all the cassava samples (leaves, peels and tubers). The mean concentration of chromium (Cr) was 3.58±0.023 mg/kg, 2.76±0.005 mg/kg and 3.83±0.203 mg/kg in leaves, tubers and peels respectively. Conclusion: From the findings, heavy metals were found in the samples and thus, crops should be cultivated far away from major roads.

scholarly journals Impact of Kishnica and Badovci Flotation Tailing Dams on Levels of Heavy Metals in Water of Graçanica River (Kosovo)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatbardh Gashi ◽  
Stanislav Frančišković-Bilinski ◽  
Halka Bilinski ◽  
Agron Shala ◽  
Anilë Gashi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Icp Oes ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
River Water Samples ◽  
Flotation Tailing ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Tailing Dams ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cu And Zn

The main objective of this study was to perform assessment of water quality of Graçanica River (Kosovo), impacted by Kishnica and Badovci flotation tailing dams, using ICP-OES method. The obtained results show that the mean values of all heavy metals in studied river water samples were significantly high, with following maximal concentrations: As (0.033 mgL−1), Cd (0.002 mgL−1), Cr (0.225 mgL−1), Cu (0.015 mgL−1), Hg (0.004 mgL−1), Mn (15.66 mgL−1), Ni (0.255 mgL−1), Pb (0.013 mgL−1), and Zn (0.612 mgL−1), but only two samples from locations influenced by Kishnica and Badovci flotation tailing dams showed statistically anomalous values of Cr3+, Cu2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, and Hg2+. According to assessment based on Croatian standards, locations near both flotation tailing dams are significantly polluted with majority of studied metals, while downstream sampling stations are almost unpolluted or slightly polluted. Mercury is found to be the most significant contaminant. According to WHO recommended values for drinking water, on all locations values were within the limits for Al, Cd, Cu, and Zn, while for As, Cr, Hg, Mn, Ni, and Pb values exceed recommended values on some sampling stations. Further monitoring of water and possibly sediments of Graçanica River is advised, as well as performing of remediation of Kishnica and Badovci mine tailing dams.

scholarly journals Some physiochemical properties of Acacia honey from different altitudes of the Asir Region in Southern Saudi Arabia

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 321-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Mohammed Elimam Ahamed ◽  
Alfifi Abdallah ◽  
Aamadawi Abdalaziz ◽  
Alfaifi Mohammad Y ◽  
Elbehairi Serag Eldin I ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
International Standards ◽  
High Altitudes ◽  
Physiochemical Properties ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Acacia Honey ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Asir Region ◽  
Different Altitudes

The physiochemical properties of six Acacia honey samples taken from three different altitudes in the Asir region were determined. The means of all the studied parameters were within the international standards and were comparable to previous studies (0.11 ± 0.08% for ash, 10.93 ± 1.97% for water, 3.56 ± 0.19 for pH, 38.63 ± 17.17 meq/kg <br /> for acidity, 659.51 ± 324.98 μS/cm for conductivity, and 1.45 ± 0.02 for specific gravity). Comparison of the mean values of the parameters at the different altitudes revealed gradual increases with increasing altitude, except for ash and specific gravity. Significant differences were seen in ash and water percentages, acidity, and conductivity. While the mean values of the studied physiochemical properties of the Acacia honey samples were within the ranges of international standards, the honey produced at high altitudes exhibited variable physiochemical properties.

scholarly journals Determination of HeaDetermination of Some Heavy Metals in Three Fish Species from Duhok City Markets in Kurdistan of Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 152-157
Author(s):  
Shahyan S. Ahmed ◽  
Mahmood A. Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Permissible Limits

In this study, the concentrations of some heavy metals including Al, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni and Pb were determined in the muscles of three commercial fish species available in Duhok city markets in two seasons, using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), after the wet digestion process. Lowest and highest mean values of metals in µg/g (dry weight) were as follows: Al: Under Detection Limit (UDL)-3.71, Cu: UDL-4.00, Fe: 5.40-21.44, Mn: UDL-3.45, Zn: 13.38-140.11, while Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, and Pb were not detected. The highest levels of Al, Fe and Zn were recorded in Shukhat fish species, and the highest levels of Cu and Mn were recorded in Shabout in the winter season. The highest level of all metals was recorded for Zn (172.8 µg/g) with the highest mean value of (140.11 µg/g) in Shukhat species during winter.  Most heavy metal concentrations were below the international permissible limits for fish, however, some of the maximum and mean values of metals were above the international standards. Fe concentrations were above the maximum allowable limits set by WHO (1999). Zn concentrations were above the maximum permissible limits set by joint FAO/WHO (1989) and FAO (2012).

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