Agronomic Performance of Wheat Cultivars under Different Sowing Densities in Southern Brazil

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Magaiver Gindri Pinheiro ◽  
Clovis Arruda Souza ◽  
Samuel Luiz Fioreze ◽  
João Francisco Costa Carneiro Junior ◽  
Maira Maier Bisato
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Relative Chlorophyll Content

Sowing density is one of the management techniques that most influence wheat crops. This management practice may affect the plant productive behavior, leading to changes in tillers growth, and also interferes with the plant architecture by influencing solar radiation uptake by the plant canopy, the production components and grain yield. This work aimed to assess the agronomic performance of two wheat cultivars (low tillering and high tillering) under influence of four sowing densities. The experiment was conducted in field conditions from July to November 2017. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks with split-plots and five replicates. The factors consisted of two wheat cultivars in main plot (TBIO Sossego and TBIO Toruk), subjected to four different sowing densities as sub-plots (208; 312; 416 and 500 viable seeds m-2). Morphological  characteristics, relative chlorophyll content, NDVI, production components and grain yield were evaluated. Among the assessed traits, only the stem diameter was affected by sowing density. The highest plant height, peduncle length and flag leaf length were found in cultivar Sossego, whereas the largest stem diameter was observed in cultivar Toruk. Relative chlorophyll content and NDVI were higher in cultivar Sossego. The agronomic performance of the cultivar Sossego was higher and exceeded the grain yield of Toruk at 673 kg ha-1. Suboptimal sowing densities promote a decrease in the productive performance of wheat and under conditions of rainfall limitation and genetic potential of reduced tillering while sowing densities above the recommended ones are more efficient.

scholarly journals Comparing Relationships among Yield and Its Related Traits in Mycorrhizal and Nonmycorrhizal Inoculated Wheat Cultivars under Different Water Regimes Using Multivariate Statistics

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armin Saed-Moucheshi ◽  
Mohammad Pessarakli ◽  
Bahram Heidari
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Yield Variation ◽  
The Relationship

Multivariate statistical techniques were used to compare the relationship between yield and its related traits under noninoculated and inoculated cultivars with mycorrhizal fungus (Glomus intraradices); each one consisted of three wheat cultivars and four water regimes. Results showed that, under inoculation conditions, spike weight per plant and total chlorophyll content of the flag leaf were the most important variables contributing to wheat grain yield variation, while, under noninoculated condition, in addition to two mentioned traits, grain weight per spike and leaf area were also important variables accounting for wheat grain yield variation. Therefore, spike weight per plant and chlorophyll content of flag leaf can be used as selection criteria in breeding programs for both inoculated and noninoculated wheat cultivars under different water regimes, and also grain weight per spike and leaf area can be considered for noninoculated condition. Furthermore, inoculation of wheat cultivars showed higher value in the most measured traits, and the results indicated that inoculation treatment could change the relationship among morphological traits of wheat cultivars under drought stress. Also, it seems that the results of stepwise regression as a selecting method together with principal component and factor analysis are stronger methods to be applied in breeding programs for screening important traits.

scholarly journals Variation on agro-morphological traits in Nepalese foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L) P Beauv)

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 133-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
RB Amgai ◽  
S Pantha ◽  
TB Chhetri ◽  
SK Budhathoki ◽  
SP Khatiwada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Setaria Italica ◽  
Yield Enhancement ◽  
Peduncle Length ◽  
Flag Leaf Length

Foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L) P Beauv) falls on the category of underutilized crops in Nepal and mainly cultivated in Karnali region of the country. It is hardy crop and considered as one of the potential crops for future food security with respect to climate change. Five accessions of Nepalese foxtail millet were purposefully selected for evaluation of the agro-morphological characteristics. Foxtail landraces from Dolpa, Mugu, Bajura, Bajhang and Lamjung districts of Nepal were evaluated at Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal during 2010. The plot size was 1m2 and there were five samples. Days to heading and days to maturity varied from 33-56 and 59 to 87 days after germination respectively. Similarly, flag leaf length/breadth ratio, flag leaf sheath length, ligule length, peduncle length, peduncle exertion and plant height varied from 3.84-10.90, 5.47-9.84 cm, 0.1-0.2 mm, 10-22.57 cm, 2.7-13.58 cm and 41.67-120 cm, respectively. Fruit and apiculus color varied from straw to black. All accessions were actively growing with very slight lodging. Similarly, the thousand grain weight varies from 1.064 g to 2.172 g. This variation is useful in foxtail millet breeding program. Similarly, the significant correlation between thousand kernel weight and total basal tiller (r=-0.975) showed that foxtail millet lines with low tillering ability is better for yield enhancement. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajn.v2i0.7528 Agronomy Journal of Nepal (Agron JN) Vol. 2: 2011 pp.133-138

scholarly journals Relationship between Yield and Yield Contributing Traits in Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench]

2021 ◽  
pp. 283-288
Author(s):  
P. Vinoth ◽  
B. Selvi ◽  
N. Senthil ◽  
K. Iyanar ◽  
S. Jeyarani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Flag Leaf Length ◽  
Panicle Weight

Knowledge about the association between grain yield and yield contributing traits is important for sorghum development programs. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine correlations and path-coefficients between grain yield per plant and yield contributing traits. The experiment was conducted during Kharif 2019 in the Department of millets, TNAU, Coimbatore, India by using nine parents and twenty hybrids to study the genotypic correlations on the basis of seventeen traits.  Analysis of variance evinced significant variation for all the traits under study. In correlation studies, the grain yield was positively associated with plant height (0.603), leaf length (0.613), leaf area index (0.501), flag leaf length (0.529), panicle length (0.608), panicle weight (0.930) and hundred seed weight (0.643). In path analysis, the traits leaf length, flag leaf length, panicle length, panicle weight and hundred seed weight exposed highly direct and indirect effects. Selection for a trait is effective when both the correlation and direct effect are higher and positive as this indicates its true association. Hence this investigation revealed flag leaf length, panicle length, panicle weight and hundred seed weight exhibited positive association and direct effect on grain yield, which indicates that the selection towards these characters will improve the yield.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF REGULATION OF SOURCE-SINK RELATIONSHIP ON GRAIN YIELD AND ITS COMPONENT OF DIFFERENT BREAD WHEAT CULTIVARS

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaddoa & Kadom
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Abu Ghraib ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Source Sink ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

A field trial was conducted at Abu-Ghraib Research Station-Agricultural Research Directorate-Ministry of Agriculture during the growing seasons of 2012-2013 and 2013-2014. The objective was to investigate the effect of source-sink Regulation on grain yield  and its companents of five bread wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.). Randomized complete block design with the arrangement of split-plots with three replicates was used. Bread wheat cultivars (Bohooth-22, IPA 99, Abu-Ghraib-3,Al-Fath and Al-Rasheed) occupied the main plots while treatments of source-sink relationship regulation occupied the sub-plots. They included eight treatments: Con. control (Con.), S1 (removal of lamina of the flag leaf of main stem), S2 (removal of laminas of the leaf  beneath the flag leaf), S3 (removal of both lamina of the leaf  and the leaf under flag leaf), S4 (removal of upper third spikelets),S5 (removal of median third spikelets), S6 (removal of lower third spikelets) and S7 (removal all spikelets from one side of spike) . Characteristics of plant height, flag leaf area, spike length, no of spikelet per spike, spike weight, and grain yield and its components were measured and estimated. Results of the present study indicated the followings:  Cultivar (Bohooth-22) gave the highest 1000 grain weight (35.70 and 35.31 g) the highest grain yield (5.467 and 5.148 t.ha-1) in both seasons, respectively compared with Abu-Ghraib3 and Al-Rasheed cultivars which gave lowest grain yield (4.918,4.364, 4.239 and 4.352 t.ha-1) in both seasons, respectively and then less 1000 grain weight (30.15, 32.66, 32.61 and 32.77 g), in both seasons, respectively. Treatment (Con.) i.e no modification of source-sink relationship gave the highest grain yield (5.93 and 5.66 t.ha-1) in both seasons, respectively. Treatments of regulation source (S1 and S3)gave grain yield (4.909, 4.698, 4.621and 4.356 t.ha-1), respectively while (S5) treatment gave the lowest grain yield (4.203 t.ha-1) in the first season and (4.061 t.ha-1) in the second season. This indicates that sink regulation treatment was the most influencial in reducing grain yield than the source regulation treatment, especially, treatment (S5) in both seasons where the  median third of spikelets had been removed due to the reduction of spike growth rate (3.18 and 2.49 g.day-1) in both seasons compared with the (Con) treatment which gave the highest values of spike growth rate (3.91 and 3.12 g.day-1) in both seasons, respectively which resulted in the reduction of dry matter translocation in the (S5) treatment (1.87 and 1.74 g.day -1) and consequently in the reduction of 1000 grain weight (30.09 and 31.199) compared with (34.99 and 37.12 g) in the (Con.) treatment in both seasons, respectively.

scholarly journals AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF GRAIN SORGHUM CULTIVATED IN DOUBLE ROWS SPACE ON BRAZILIAN CERRADO

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 422-432
Author(s):  
EDUARDO LIMA DO CARMO ◽  
JOÃO VITOR ALVES DE SOUSA ◽  
CAMILA JORGE BERNABÉ FERREIRA ◽  
GUILHERME BRAGA PEREIRA BRAZ ◽  
GUSTAVO ANDRÉ SIMON
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Double Row

ABSTRACT The spatial arrangement of plants in the cultivation area is a factor that directly influences grain yield, since the best arrangement can result in the greater use of water, light and nutrients. The aim of the study was to evaluate the agronomic performance of sorghum sown in double row spacing in the Brazilian Cerrado. For this purpose, field experiments were conducted in the 2018 and 2019 seasons in a complete block design with a factorial scheme of 2 x 5. There were four replications, using two row spacing: traditional (0.50 m) and double rows (0.25 m/0.75 m) and five plant populations: 120, 180 (recommended), 240, 300 and 360 thousand, plants ha-1. Morphological characteristics, yield components and grain yield were evaluated using joint data analysis for the two years of study. In 2018, due to lower rainfall during the crop season, the use of a double row arrangement presented grain yield lower than traditional spacing. On the other hand, in 2019, the year with the best water distribution, the yield was superior to that of 2018. The increase in plant population per hectare increased the yield of sorghum grains, with gains of up to 24% in relation to the recommended population of 180 thousand plants ha-1, demonstrated that the densification in this crop can be a promising technique as long as its cost/benefit is considered.

The genetic control of flag leaf length in normal and late sown durum wheat

2003 ◽  
Vol 141 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 323-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. SHARMA ◽  
R. S. SAIN ◽  
R. K. SHARMA
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Epistatic Interactions ◽  
Partial Dominance ◽  
Generation Means ◽  
Flag Leaf Length

Parental, F1, F2, BC1, BC2, BC11, BC12, BC21, BC22, BC1 self-pollinated and BC2 self-pollinated generations of three crosses involving six cultivars of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum var. durum) were studied for flag leaf length under normal and late sown environments to analyse the nature of gene effects. For most crosses the 10-parameter model was the best descriptor of the data to account for the variability in generation means of this trait but in cross HI 8062×JNK-4W-128 the 6-parameter model was the best (normal sown) while in cross Raj 911×DWL 5002 the 3-parameter model was the best (late sown). Of the epistatic interactions, dominance×dominance (l) and dominance×dominance×dominance (z) played significantly greater roles in controlling the inheritance of this trait. Absolute totals of non-fixable gene effects were much higher than the fixable gene effects in all the crosses in both the environments, indicating the greater roles of non-additive effects in controlling the inheritance of flag leaf length in durum wheat cultivars. Significant partial dominance was observed frequently in most of the crosses. Significant heterosis was attributed to combined effects of dominance×dominance (l), additive×additive×dominance (x) and dominance×dominance×dominance (z) epistatic interactions in the cross Cocorit 71×A-9-30-1 under late sown environment. Biparental mating and/or diallel selective mating, which exploit both fixable and non-fixable components, have been suggested for the improvement of this trait in durum wheat cultivars.

scholarly journals Association of leaf chlorophyll content with the stay-green trait and grain yield in wheat grown under heat stress conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandan Roy ◽  
Tirthartha Chattopadhyay ◽  
Rakesh Deo Ranjan ◽  
Wahid Ul Hasan ◽  
Abhishek Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Spad Value ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Breeding Programmes

Heat stress is a major production constraint of wheat in South Asia, particularly in the Gangetic plains of India and Bangladesh. The leaf chlorophyll status is a key determinant for a high rate of photosynthesis under stress. The present experiments included 238 genotypes in 2016–2017 and 321 genotypes in 2017–2018 under optimum and under heat stress conditions. Subsequently, a set of 100 genotypes selected on basis of the heat susceptibility index was evaluated in 2018–2019 under heat stress conditions to study the relationship between important physiological traits and yield under stress. A significant correlation of soil plant analysis development (SPAD) value of the two upper leaves with stay-green trait and grain yield indicates the importance of chlorophyll content, both in flag and penultimate leaf, in maintaining leaf areas under greenness (LAUG) and grain yield under heat stress. The SPAD in the flag and penultimate leaf was responsible for 8.8% and 10.9%, respectively, of the variation in grain yield. For the stay-green trait, 8.4% and 7.2 % of the variation was governed by the SPAD value in the flag and penultimate leaf, respectively. These results suggest that, in addition to the flag leaf, the chlorophyll status of the penultimate leaf can be an important criterion for the selection of superior wheat genotypes under heat stress. The genotypes SW-139; SW 108; DWR-F8-35-9-1; NHP-F8-130; DWR-F8-3-1 that maintained a high chlorophyll content in the flag and penultimate leaf can be used further in breeding programmes addressing heat resistance in wheat.

scholarly journals Electrical Capacitance Versus Minirhizotron Technique: A Study of Root Dynamics in Wheat–Pea Intercrops

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1991
Author(s):  
Imre Cseresnyés ◽  
Bettina Kelemen ◽  
Tünde Takács ◽  
Anna Füzy ◽  
Ramóna Kovács ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Wheat Root ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Electrical Capacitance ◽  
Root Dynamics

This study evaluated the concurrent application and the results of the root electrical capacitance (CR) and minirhizotron (MR) methods in the same plant populations. The container experiment involved three winter wheat cultivars, grown as sole crops or intercropped with winter pea under well-watered or drought-stressed conditions. The wheat root activity (characterized by CR) and the MR-based root length (RL) and root surface area (RSA) were monitored during the vegetation period, the flag leaf chlorophyll content was measured at flowering, and the wheat shoot dry mass (SDM) and grain yield (GY) were determined at maturity. CR, RL and RSA exhibited similar seasonal patterns with peaks around the flowering. The presence of pea reduced the maximum CR, RL and RSA. Drought significantly decreased CR, but increased the MR-based root size. Both intercropping and drought reduced wheat chlorophyll content, SDM and GY. The relative decrease caused by pea or drought in the maximum CR was proportional to the rate of change in SDM or GY. Significant linear correlations (R2: 0.77–0.97) were found between CR and RSA, with significantly smaller specific root capacitance (per unit RSA) for the drought-stress treatments. CR measurements tend to predict root function and the accompanying effect on above-ground production and grain yield. The parallel application of the two in situ methods improves the evaluation of root dynamics and plant responses.

scholarly journals Identification of QTLs for high grain yield and component traits in New Plant Types of rice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravindra Donde ◽  
S. Mohapatra ◽  
S. Y. Baksh ◽  
B. Padhy ◽  
M. Mukherjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Flag Leaf Width ◽  
Component Traits ◽  
Transgressive Segregants ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Flag Leaf Length

AbstractA panel of 60 genotypes consisting of New Plant Types (NPTs) along with indica, tropical and temperate japonica genotypes were phenotypically evaluated for four seasons in irrigated situation for grain yield per se and component traits. Twenty NPT genotypes were found to be promising with an average grain yield of 5.45 to 8.8 t/ha. A total of 85 SSR markers were used in the study to identify QTLs associated with grain yield per se and related traits. Sixty-six (77.65%) markers were found to be polymorphic. The PIC values varied from 0.516 to 0.92 with an average of 0.704. A moderate level of genetic diversity (0.39) was detected among genotypes. Variation to the tune of 8% within genotypes, 68% among the genotypes within the population and 24% among the populations were observed (AMOVA). The association analysis using GLM and MLM models led to the identification of 30 and 10 SSR markers were associated with 70 and 16 QTLs, respectively. Thirty novel QTLs linked with 16 SSRs were identified to be associated with eleven traits, namely, tiller number (qTL-6.1, qTL-11.1, qTL-4.1), panicle length (qPL-1.1, qPL-5.1, qPL-7.1, qPL-8.1), flag leaf length (qFLL-8.1, qFLL-9.1), flag leaf width (qFLW-6.2, qFLW-5.1, qFLW-8.1, qFLW-7.1), total no. of grains (qTG-2.2, qTG-a7.1), thousand-grain weight (qTGW-a1.1, qTGW-a9.2, qTGW-5.1, qTGW-8.1), fertile grains (qFG-7.1), seed length-breadth ratio (qSlb-3.1), plant height (qPHT-6.1, qPHT-9.1), days to 50% flowering (qFD-1.1) and grain yield per se (qYLD-5.1, qYLD-6.1a, qYLD-11.1). This information could be useful for identification of highly potential parents for development of transgressive segregants. Moreover, super rice genotypes could be developed through pyramiding of these QTLS for important yield traits for prospective increment in yield potentiality and breaking yield ceiling.

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